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Lab 4 Online Assessment

  1. The allantois, identified in the placental cord, is continuous with what anatomical structure?
  2. Identify the 3 vascular shunts, and their location, in the embryonic circulation.
  3. Identify the Group project sub-section that you will be researching. (Add to project page and your individual assessment page)




Lab 1 Questions

1. Identify the origin of In Vitro Fertilization and the 2010 nobel prize winner associated with this technique.

The technique of In Vitro Fertilisation of (IVF) was developed by a Robert G. Edwards which was awarded the 2010 Nobel prize for this technique of fertilisation. Although the origin and reason for this technique is when all assisted reproduction has failed, the term IVF can be defined as being a process which fertilisation occurs outside the body instead occurs within a testube or petri dish(MedicineNet.com). where the female egg(unfertilised) and male sperm is place together until fertilisation occurs and returned to the uterus (in zygote stage) to continue development as a usual pregnancy(New York Times).

However the origins of IVF was mainly for women unable to give birth, this can be due to damage either in the fallopian tubes or problems with the ovaries which leads to infertility. For these reasons the technique of IVF was developed where the first IVF or test tube baby was born in 1978.

References:

New York Times, health section "Pioneer of in Vitro Fertilization Wins Nobel Prize" (2011) from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/05/health/research/05nobel.html

Medical dictionary medicine net, "definition of IVF" (2011) from http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7222

2. Identify a recent paper on fertilisation and describe its key findings.

Paper 1 Outcome of cycles of oocyte in vitro maturation requiring testicular sperm extraction for nonobstructive azoospermia.

Depicted the rates of fertility and of pregnancy cycles of the implantation and transferring of azoospermia. Where not much research is done in this area and though IVM (in vtro maturation) within the research paper being a alternative which has low rates of OHSS (ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome)where results of whether the oocyte rescues the affects sperm by NOA (non obstructive Azoospermia) which relates to perm motility where 4 pregnancies where achieved and 2 were give birth. though its inconclusive that the IVM method increases the chances of pregnancies where sperm affected by NOA, though still has small percent off births as experiment showed 2 births still were achieved

Biogenesi, Reproductive Medicine Center, Istituti Clinici Zucchi, Monza, Italy, (2011)

Paper 2 Prognostic value of triploid zygotes on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes.

describes the influences which affect 3 complete sets of chromosomes on how embryos from same cohort are fertilised. this resulted in the 50% lower risk of pregnancy and 3.5 fold more risk of miscarriage

Fertility-Assisted Fertilization Center, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antônio


3. Identify 2 congenital anomalies.

achondroplasia:

which is the hereditary condition which causes bone formation unable to mature and develop properly where bones of limbs become smaller and shorter may also affect the facial region, this is sometimes know as dwarfism

Marfan syndrome:

A condition which affects the connective tissues and causes the limbs to develop this serve disorder can affect more than just limbs reaching to connective tissue through out the body which can cause issues with the heart and the vales.

lol (ok to sign you add (-- + ~ ~ ~ ~) )

--z3332250 00:28, 6 August 2011 (EST) --Z3332250 10:08, 3 August 20111 (EST)



Lab 2 Questions

1. Identify the ZP protein that spermatozoa binds and how is this changed (altered) after fertilisation.


The Zona Pellucida Protein (ZP) required for sperm to bind is ZP3 this glycoprotein is needed to activate the acrosome reaction where by the sperm fusing with the oocyte plasma membrane to allow actual fertilisation.


2. Identify a review and a research article related to your group topic. (Paste on both group discussion page with signature and on your own page)

Articles:

---z3332250 11:20, 9 August 2011 (EST)


Lab 3 Questions

1.What is the maternal dietary requirement for late neural development?

Two dietary requirement are folate and Choline which both affect the neural development during embryo development. Where there is clear evidence that Folic acid decreases chances of neural defects, studies by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has shown through the increase in folic acid causing a reduction in neural abnormalities such as Spina bifida where the neural tube doesn't close properly. However another important component in the maternal diet is Omega 3 fatty acid which is a major component in neural development and differentiation his is observed in rat stem cells by (Ma,D et al 2011).


Reference:

1).London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK PMC2845867

2).Ma D, Zhang M, Larsen CP, Xu F, Hua W, Yamashima T, Mao Y, Zhou L.(2011)DHA promotes the neuronal differentiation of rat neural stem cells transfected with GPR40 gene.PMID: 20211608


2.Upload a picture relating to you group project. Add to both the Group discussion and your online assessment page. Image must be renamed appropriately, citation on "Summary" window with link to original paper and copyright information. As outlined in the Practical class tutorial.

Original Name:Pgen.1000812.g002.jpg

Gene expression responses of Friedreich's ataxia

Gene expression responses of Friedreich's ataxia



z3332250 00:55, 16 August 2011 (EST)


Lab Attendance

z3332250 11:01, 11 August 2011 (EST)


Differentially expressed RefSeq genes in human trisomy 21.jpg

This is the area to add text and information about the image



--Mark Hill 10:08, 3 August 2011 (EST) Where are your answers to first lab assessment? Need to be completed before Lab 2.