User:Z3291643

From Embryology

Lab 4 Online Assessment

  1. The allantois, identified in the placental cord, is continuous with what anatomical structure?
  2. Identify the 3 vascular shunts, and their location, in the embryonic circulation.
  3. Identify the Group project sub-section that you will be researching. (Add to project page and your individual assessment page)


--Z3291643 12:55, 28 July 2011 (EST)

Lab 1 Assessment

1. Identify the origin of In Vitro Fertilization and the 2010 nobel prize winner associated with this technique.

‘in vitro’ fertilization is Latin for ‘in glass’ fertilization and is a treatment for infertility, whereby the sperm fertilizes the ovum outside the body and is then implanted back into the patient’s uterus. The first successful IVF birth, Louise Brown, occurred in 1978 with the help of Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards. Edwards was awarded the 2010 nobel prize in medicine for his achievement.


2. Identify a recent paper on fertilisation and describe its key findings.

The aim of this paper was to investigate whether age <=25 played a role in the reproductive outcome of women undergoing IVF. Infertile patients aged between 19 and 25 years of age were compared to infertile patients aged 30-35 years to determine primarily fertilization rates and the number of top quality embryos. The results were unexpected as the younger subjects had lower fertilization rates and reduced embryo quality.[1]


3. Identify 2 congenital anomalies.

Trisomy 21 and cleft palate


--Mark Hill 10:01, 3 August 2011 (EST) These answers are fine.

--z3291643 13:02, 4 August 2011 (EST)


Lab 2 Assessment

1. Identify the ZP protein that spermatozoa binds and how is this changed (altered) after fertilization.

ZP3 acts as a receptor for the sperm. This is followed by the acrosome reaction, whereby acrosomal contents digest the ZP and allow the sperm surface proteins to bind to the ZP2. After fertilization, cortical reaction takes place where cortical granules are exocytosed. This results in the removal of carbohydrate from ZP3 and cleavage of ZP2 to harden the ZP. These changes occur to prevent polyspermy.


2. Identify a review and a research article related to your group topic.

This research article showed genotype-phenotype correlations in Angelman Syndrome (AS). They have concluded that deletion patients had worse developmental outcomes than non deletion patients.[2]

This review article is really comprehensive and gives a good background knowledge of AS.[3]

--Z3291643 12:42, 11 August 2011 (EST)

Lab 3 Assessment

1. What is the maternal dietary requirement for late neural development?

Iodine. Zimmermann found that maternal deficiency of iodine can result in cognitive disability in the offspring, most severely characterized by cretinism. Fortunately, mild to moderate iodine deficiency can be corrected in primary school aged children to improve cognitive and motor functions.[4]

2. Upload a picture relating to your group project.

UBE3A colocalizes with ASPM at the centrosome throughout mitosis.[5]

UBE3A colocalizes with ASPM at the centrosome throughout mitosis

Abnormal cytokinesis and apoptosis in UBE3A knockdown cells.

UBE3A colocalizes with ASPM at the centrosome. (A) Indirect immunofluorescence of HEK293 cells at interphase and different phases of mitosis stained with antibodies against ASPM and UBE3A (anti-UBE3A-sc-8926). Note colocalization of UBE3A with ASPM at the centrosome throughout mitosis (arrowheads). Note weak centrosomal staining of UBE3A in an interphase cell (arrow). (B) Indirect immunofluorescence of A549 cells stained with antibodies against UBE3A (anti-UBE3A-sc-8926) and ASPM at metaphase and telophase. Note colocalization of UBE3A with ASPM at the centrosome (arrowheads). Scale bar=2 µm.


Copyright Singhmar, Kumar. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

--z3291643 11:08, 18 August 2011 (EST)

Lab 4 Online Assessment

  1. The allantois, identified in the placental cord, is continuous with what anatomical structure?

The allantois is endodermic in origin and is the extension of the yolk sac into the connecting stalk. It's connected to the superior end of the developing bladder


  1. Identify the 3 vascular shunts, and their location, in the embryonic circulation.

1. Ductus arteriosus; connects left pulmonary artery with the descending aorta 2. Ductus venosus; connects the portal and umbilical veins to the inferior vena cava 3. Foramen ovale; between left and right atria


  1. Identify the Group project sub-section that you will be researching. (Add to project page and your individual assessment page)
4 Aetiology (genetic inheritance); Julia
5 Pathophysiology; Julia (as it's quite linked with aetiology anyway)


--Sang Lee 12:59, 25 August 2011 (EST)

Lab 5 Online Assessment

  1. Which side (L/R) is most common for diaphragmatic hernia and why?

Posterior left side,possibly due to the fact that the left pericardioperitoneal canal is larger and closes later than the right.

--Sang Lee 12:48, 1 September 2011 (EST)

Lab 6 Online Assessment

  1. What week of development do the palatal shelves fuse?

Week 9 of early embryonic growth

  1. What early animal model helped elucidate the neural crest origin and migration of neural crest cells?

Migration of neural crest cells have been studied in quail-chick chimeras - transplanted quail cells have obvious nucleoli compared with chicken. It was first done by Nicole Le Douarin in the 80's

  1. What abnormality results from neural crest not migrating into the cardiac outflow tract?

Tetralogy of Fallot; when the outflow tract is not aligned properly, it is seen as a nonwedged aorta. Nonwedged aorta indicates tetralogy of Fallot. In addition, past studies using chick embryos have outlined that cardiac neural crest cell ablation led to this malalignment. In contrast, Farrell et al have shown that the introduction of cardiac neural crest aligned the outflow tract properly. [6]

--Sang Lee 12:49, 15 September 2011 (EST)

Lab 7 Online Assessment

1. Are satellite cells

  • necessary for muscle hypertrophy?
No
  • generally involved in hypertrophy?
Yes


2. Why does chronic low frequency stimulation (CLFS) cause a fast to slow fibre type shift?

At the molecular level, there are exchanges of fast and slow type protein isoforms, such as calcium regulatory system, myofibrillar apparatus. The final step in CLFS induced fiber shift is the upregulation of slow myosin from the conversion of myogenic cells to slow fiber phenotype. [7]It is also known that satellite cells contribute to CLFS-induced transition of fiber types shown by the fact that CLFS increases type I fibers only after fiber necrosis. [8]


--Mark Hill 10:42, 16 September 2011 (EST)

I would like each student to now also look at the following online page before the next Lab and write a comment based upon the group project assessment criteria.

http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Trisomy_21 Paste your comment on the Trisomy 21 discussion page and also on your own student page.

Group Assessment Criteria

  1. The key points relating to the topic that your group allocated are clearly described.
    • Good and concise explanation of the subheadings,however, I would've liked to see some attempt to further explain how the asspcoated congenital abnormalities occur.
  2. The choice of content, headings and sub-headings, diagrams, tables, graphs show a good understanding of the topic area.
    • Lots of images, graphs and table used effectively to help reader better understand the disease. They also gave the project page some colour to make it more pleasing to the eye. Unfortunately, some images were placed (eg. John Langdon Down)in the wrong sections and interrupted the flow of the project page.
    • In addition, some of the images were not referred to within the project page.
    • Furthermore, the overall structure and layout of the page could be improved, such as putting the Diagnostic Links under diagnosis instead of the introduction
    • I also felt American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Recommendations could've been a subheading under 'screening'
  3. Content is correctly cited and referenced.
    • The very first image does not provide any information on the permissions to reuse the image (open access).
  4. The wiki has an element of teaching at a peer level using the student's own innovative diagrams, tables or figures and/or using interesting examples or explanations.
    • Would've been better to include more self drawn diagrams and tables to further illustrate the group's knowledge of this disease
  5. Evidence of significant research relating to basic and applied sciences that goes beyond the formal teaching activities.
    • Lots of Pubmed articles have been used to make this page more credible and reliable
  6. Relates the topic and content of the Wiki entry to learning aims of embryology.
  7. Clearly reflects on editing/feedback from group peers and articulates how the Wiki could be improved (or not) based on peer comments/feedback. Demonstrates an ability to review own work when criticised in an open edited wiki format. Reflects on what was learned from the process of editing a peer's wiki.
  8. Evaluates own performance and that of group peers to give a rounded summary of this wiki process in terms of group effort and achievement.
  9. The content of the wiki should demonstrate to the reader that your group has researched adequately on this topic and covered the key areas necessary to inform your peers in their learning.
    • More words need to be explained in the glossary, such as 'tandem single nucleotide polymorphisms'
  10. Develops and edits the wiki entries in accordance with the above guidelines

--Sang Lee 22:50, 21 September 2011 (EST)

Lab 8 Online Assessment

attendance: --Sang Lee 13:04, 22 September 2011 (EST)

Group 1: Turner Syndrome

Firstly, nice progress with the group project. After reading your page, I have a good general knowledge of Turner Syndrome, so thanks. Overall, most sections were well done, though the writing style and layout could be more consistent, but you could work on that when you've finalised the content of the page.

  1. The key points relating to the topic that your group allocated are clearly described.
    • Introduction: Good intro, very first image of the karyotype should include the actual statement of the 'Open access' not just 'copyright'
    • Epidemiology: Grammatical errors disrupt the flow of the content, in addition, graph has no copyright info, title could be improved
    • Etiology: Nice simple diagram of 22 eggs and 23 sperms, good example of when a picture can tell more than a thousand words! I feel there needs to be consistency either use Turner Syndrome or TS throughout the page
    • Clinical: liked how you have further classified the symptoms to its associated titles, nice idea; very easy to read, but a table would also be good
    • Diagnosis: image of TS maternal serum sampling doesn't contain {Template:2011 Student Image}, but a very good table
    • image of the TS X chromosome variations shouldl contain {Template:2011 Student Image}. Furthermore, if you use A-E in image descriptions, you should include A-E within the image
    • Research: very good layout and explanations, informative
  2. The choice of content, headings and sub-headings, diagrams, tables, graphs show a good understanding of the topic area.
    • Could include more images especially in clinical manidestations, and some images do not fit the requirements set by Mark, as I've highlighted above
  3. Content is correctly cited and referenced.
    • seems to be cited well. However, although you have more than 100 referencees, a lot of them are repeated references, maybe you could try to use more pubmed articles, a greater variety
  4. The wiki has an element of teaching at a peer level using the student's own innovative diagrams, tables or figures and/or using interesting examples or explanations.
    • Glossary: could include more words such as echocardiogram
  5. Evidence of significant research relating to basic and applied sciences that goes beyond the formal teaching activities.
    • Although you have more than 100 referencees, a lot of them are repeated references, maybe you could try to use more pubmed articles, a greater variety
  6. Relates the topic and content of the Wiki entry to learning aims of embryology.
  7. Clearly reflects on editing/feedback from group peers and articulates how the Wiki could be improved (or not) based on peer comments/feedback. Demonstrates an ability to review own work when criticised in an open edited wiki format. Reflects on what was learned from the process of editing a peer's wiki.
  8. Evaluates own performance and that of group peers to give a rounded summary of this wiki process in terms of group effort and achievement.
  9. The content of the wiki should demonstrate to the reader that your group has researched adequately on this topic and covered the key areas necessary to inform your peers in their learning.
    • Although the content is informative, I'm left feeling like I want more variety of resources, so maybe some further research will improve the overall impression of your page
  10. Develops and edits the wiki entries in accordance with the above guidelines

--z3291643 14:44, 24 September 2011 (EST)

Group 2:

References

  1. ↑ PMID 21042842
  2. ↑ <pubmed>20729760</pubmed>
  3. ↑ <pubmed>20445456</pubmed>
  4. ↑ <pubmed>21802524</pubmed>
  5. ↑ <pubmed>21633703</pubmed>
  6. ↑ <pubmed>9933243</pubmed>
  7. ↑ <pubmed>12500901</pubmed>
  8. ↑ <pubmed>16439424</pubmed>
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