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--[[User:Z3291643|z3291643]] 11:08, 18 August 2011 (EST)
--[[User:Z3291643|z3291643]] 11:08, 18 August 2011 (EST)
===Lab 4 Online Assessment===
# '''The allantois, identified in the placental cord, is continuous with what anatomical structure?'''
The allantois is endodermic in origin and is the extension of the yolk sac into the connecting stalk. It's connected to the superior end of the developing bladder
#  '''Identify the 3 vascular shunts, and their location, in the embryonic circulation.'''
1. Ductus arteriosus; connects left pulmonary artery with the descending aorta
2. Ductus venosus; connects the portal and umbilical veins to the inferior vena cava
3. Foramen ovale; between left and right atria
# Identify the Group project sub-section that you will be researching. (Add to project page and your individual assessment page)
; 1  Introduction
; 2  History; z3291622
;* timeline
;* important people who contributed to AS, etc
; 3  Incidence
; 4  Aetiology (genetic inheritance); Julia
; 5  Pathophysiology; Julia (as it's quite linked with aetiology anyway)
; 6  Signs and Symptoms (maybe break this down to..); Theodora
;* physical
;* behavioural
;* mental
;* common features
;* rare features
; 7  Diagnosis; z3291622
; 8  Prognosis; Eugene
; 9  Treatment; Eugene
; 10  Management; Eugene
; 11  Current and Future Research
; Notable people with AS (just to make AS more relatable and interesting)
* Glossary at the end (+References)
; External links
; Support for parents of children with AS-Genetic couselling
; Differential diagnosis (if relevant?)
; Related Diseases (such as Prader-Willi Syndrome)


==''' Referencees '''==
==''' Referencees '''==


<references/>
<references/>

Revision as of 22:03, 18 August 2011


Lab 4 Online Assessment

  1. The allantois, identified in the placental cord, is continuous with what anatomical structure?
  2. Identify the 3 vascular shunts, and their location, in the embryonic circulation.
  3. Identify the Group project sub-section that you will be researching. (Add to project page and your individual assessment page)



--Z3291643 12:55, 28 July 2011 (EST)

Lab 1 Assessment

1. Identify the origin of In Vitro Fertilization and the 2010 nobel prize winner associated with this technique.

‘in vitro’ fertilization is Latin for ‘in glass’ fertilization and is a treatment for infertility, whereby the sperm fertilizes the ovum outside the body and is then implanted back into the patient’s uterus. The first successful IVF birth, Louise Brown, occurred in 1978 with the help of Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards. Edwards was awarded the 2010 nobel prize in medicine for his achievement.


2. Identify a recent paper on fertilisation and describe its key findings.

The aim of this paper was to investigate whether age <=25 played a role in the reproductive outcome of women undergoing IVF. Infertile patients aged between 19 and 25 years of age were compared to infertile patients aged 30-35 years to determine primarily fertilization rates and the number of top quality embryos. The results were unexpected as the younger subjects had lower fertilization rates and reduced embryo quality.[1]


3. Identify 2 congenital anomalies.

Trisomy 21 and cleft palate


--Mark Hill 10:01, 3 August 2011 (EST) These answers are fine.

--z3291643 13:02, 4 August 2011 (EST)


Lab 2 Assessment

1. Identify the ZP protein that spermatozoa binds and how is this changed (altered) after fertilization.

ZP3 acts as a receptor for the sperm. This is followed by the acrosome reaction, whereby acrosomal contents digest the ZP and allow the sperm surface proteins to bind to the ZP2. After fertilization, cortical reaction takes place where cortical granules are exocytosed. This results in the removal of carbohydrate from ZP3 and cleavage of ZP2 to harden the ZP. These changes occur to prevent polyspermy.


2. Identify a review and a research article related to your group topic.

This research article showed genotype-phenotype correlations in Angelman Syndrome (AS). They have concluded that deletion patients had worse developmental outcomes than non deletion patients.[2]

This review article is really comprehensive and gives a good background knowledge of AS.[3]

--Z3291643 12:42, 11 August 2011 (EST)

Lab 3 Assessment

1. What is the maternal dietary requirement for late neural development?

Iodine. Zimmermann found that maternal deficiency of iodine can result in cognitive disability in the offspring, most severely characterized by cretinism. Fortunately, mild to moderate iodine deficiency can be corrected in primary school aged children to improve cognitive and motor functions.[4]

2. Upload a picture relating to your group project.

UBE3A colocalizes with ASPM at the centrosome throughout mitosis.[5]

UBE3A colocalizes with ASPM at the centrosome throughout mitosis

Abnormal cytokinesis and apoptosis in UBE3A knockdown cells.

UBE3A colocalizes with ASPM at the centrosome. (A) Indirect immunofluorescence of HEK293 cells at interphase and different phases of mitosis stained with antibodies against ASPM and UBE3A (anti-UBE3A-sc-8926). Note colocalization of UBE3A with ASPM at the centrosome throughout mitosis (arrowheads). Note weak centrosomal staining of UBE3A in an interphase cell (arrow). (B) Indirect immunofluorescence of A549 cells stained with antibodies against UBE3A (anti-UBE3A-sc-8926) and ASPM at metaphase and telophase. Note colocalization of UBE3A with ASPM at the centrosome (arrowheads). Scale bar=2 µm.


Copyright Singhmar, Kumar. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

--z3291643 11:08, 18 August 2011 (EST)

Lab 4 Online Assessment

  1. The allantois, identified in the placental cord, is continuous with what anatomical structure?

The allantois is endodermic in origin and is the extension of the yolk sac into the connecting stalk. It's connected to the superior end of the developing bladder


  1. Identify the 3 vascular shunts, and their location, in the embryonic circulation.

1. Ductus arteriosus; connects left pulmonary artery with the descending aorta 2. Ductus venosus; connects the portal and umbilical veins to the inferior vena cava 3. Foramen ovale; between left and right atria


  1. Identify the Group project sub-section that you will be researching. (Add to project page and your individual assessment page)
1 Introduction
2 History; z3291622
  • timeline
  • important people who contributed to AS, etc
3 Incidence
4 Aetiology (genetic inheritance); Julia
5 Pathophysiology; Julia (as it's quite linked with aetiology anyway)
6 Signs and Symptoms (maybe break this down to..); Theodora
  • physical
  • behavioural
  • mental
  • common features
  • rare features
7 Diagnosis; z3291622
8 Prognosis; Eugene
9 Treatment; Eugene
10 Management; Eugene
11 Current and Future Research


Notable people with AS (just to make AS more relatable and interesting)
  • Glossary at the end (+References)
External links
Support for parents of children with AS-Genetic couselling
Differential diagnosis (if relevant?)
Related Diseases (such as Prader-Willi Syndrome)



Referencees

  1. PMID 21042842
  2. <pubmed>20729760</pubmed>
  3. <pubmed>20445456</pubmed>
  4. <pubmed>21802524</pubmed>
  5. <pubmed>21633703</pubmed>