User:Z3291324

From Embryology
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Attendance

--Z3291324 12:56, 28 July 2011 (EST)

Lab One

Identify the origin of In Vitro Fertilization and the 2010 nobel prize winner associated with this technique.

The first pregnancy achieved through IVF occurred in 1973. However, the first successful IVF birth occurred in 1978 (Louise Brown.) Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe carried out this successful conception. Robert Edwards later received the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this development.

Identify a recent paper on fertilisation and describe its key findings.

Halliday, J., Oke, K., Breheny, S., Algar, E., & D, J. A. (2004). Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and IVF: a case-control study. Am J Hum Genet, 75(3), 526-528.

This article provides evidence suggesting that children conceived through IVF are significantly more likely to develop imprinting disorders such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Angelman syndrome (9 times greater.) It is unknown why IVF causes this increase although suggestions include uniparental disomy of the chromosome and unidentified mutations.

Identify 2 congenital anomalies.

Anencephaly: caused by a failure of the rostral end of the neural tube to close resulting in a lack of brain development. Trisomy 21: caused by the presence of additional genetic material on chromosome 21, either in part or full.


--Mark Hill 09:58, 3 August 2011 (EST) Where are your Lab 1 assessment answers? Need to added before Lab 2.

Lab Attendance

--z3291324 11:47, 4 August 2011 (EST)

Identify the ZP protein that spermatozoa binds and how is this changed (altered) after fertilisation

Spermatozoa bind to the zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 proteins, which are located on the surface of the zona pellucida. After the spermatozoa binds, it releases enzymes from its acrosome to dissolve the zona pellucida allowing it to fuse with the ovum. After fusion, the ovum exocytoses cortical granules. The cortical reaction alters the ZP3 protein preventing polyspermic fertilisation.

Identify a review and a research article related to your group topic

Goldmuntz, E., Geiger, E., & Benson, D. W. (2001). NKX2.5 mutations in patients with tetralogy of fallot. Circulation, 104(21), 2565-2568. - Research article which looks into some genetic causes of tetralogy of fallot.

Apitz, C., Webb, G. D., & Redington, A. N. (2009). Tetralogy of Fallot. Lancet, 374(9699), 1462-1471. - Review article which describes the condition, some symptoms, treatment options and complications.

Lab 3

Attendance

--z3291324 12:53, 11 August 2011 (EST)

What is the maternal dietary requirement for late neural development?

Iodine is required for late neural development. A deficiency in iodine may result in cretinism. The daily requirement for pregnant mothers is roughly 200ug.


Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia.jpg----

Lab 4 Online Assessment

  1. The allantois, identified in the placental cord, is continuous with what anatomical structure?
  2. Identify the 3 vascular shunts, and their location, in the embryonic circulation.
  3. Identify the Group project sub-section that you will be researching. (Add to project page and your individual assessment page)



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Alt
The pulmonary supply is through multiple systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries. The star shows the connection between one of the collateral arteries and the intrapericardial pulmonary arteries. All the other arteries join with the intrapericardial pulmonary arterial supply, or else supply segments of the lung directly. The task of the clinician is to display the supply of the various collateral arteries and their communications with the intrapericardial pulmonary arteries.

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Attendance

--z3291324 12:35, 18 August 2011 (EST)


Lab 4

The allantois, identified in the placental cord, is continuous with what anatomical structure?

The allantois is an out-pocketing of the yolk sac. It extends into the connecting stalk. The allantois becomes the urachus in the adult (the median umbilical ligament.)

Identify the 3 vascular shunts, and their location, in the embryonic circulation.

1. Ductus arteriosus (connecting the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch). This allows blood entering the right ventricle to bypass the fluid filled lungs. 2. Foramen ovale (between the left and right atria). This allows blood from the right atrium to be shunted into the left atrium to avoid the fluid filled lungs. 3. Ductus venosus (shunts blood from the umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava).

Identify the Group project sub-section that you will be researching.

I will be researching the four abnormalities of tetralogy of fallot (pathophysiology) and diagnostic methods.


Lab 5

Which side (L/R) is most common for diaphragmatic hernia and why?

Left sided diaphragmatic hernias are more common (in about 85-90% of cases). This is likely due to the earlier closure of the right pleuroperitoneal opening. Diaphragmatic hernias may be life threatening in new borns due to the incomplete development and inhalation of the lung. --z3291324 21:08, 31 August 2011 (EST)


Lab 6

--z3291324 12:53, 1 September 2011 (EST)