Trisomy X: Difference between revisions

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==Prenatal Diagnosis==
==Prenatal Diagnosis==
[[File:Trisomy_X_karyotype.jpg|600px]]
Trisomy X Karyotype<ref name=PMID22346085<pubmed>22346085</pubmed>| [http://www.jhrsonline.org/article.asp?issn=0974-1208;year=2011;volume=4;issue=3;spage=153;epage=154;aulast=Kodandapani J Hum Reprod Sci.]</ref>


The most common prenatal diagnosis is by either amniocentesis or chorionic villi sampling.
The most common prenatal diagnosis is by either amniocentesis or chorionic villi sampling.

Revision as of 21:55, 24 December 2013

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Educational Use Only - Embryology is an educational resource for learning concepts in embryological development, no clinical information is provided and content should not be used for any other purpose.

Introduction

Fluorescent in situ hybridization shows tree copies of the X chromosome in a single cell nucleus.[1]

Trisomy X is a caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in females (47,XXX instead of 46,XX). This is also the most common female chromosomal abnormality, occurring in approximately 1 in 1,000 female births.

Other abnormalities of chromosome number include: female tetrasomy X (quadruple X, or 48, XXXX) a rare chromosomal disorder and male Klinefelter syndrome, the presence of an additional X chromosome (47, XXY or XXY).


Alternative names: Triplo X syndrome, Trisomy X, 47,XXX, XXX syndrome


Genetic Links: genetic abnormalities | maternal age | Trisomy 21 | Trisomy 18 | Trisomy 13 | Trisomy X | trisomy mosaicism | Monosomy | Fragile X | Williams | Alagille | Philadelphia chromosome | mitochondria | VACTERL | hydatidiform mole | epigenetics | Prenatal Diagnosis | Neonatal Diagnosis | meiosis | mitosis | International Classification of Diseases | genetics

| Genital System - Abnormalities

Some Recent Findings

Human X chromosome
  • A review of trisomy X (47,XXX)[2] "Trisomy X is a sex chromosome anomaly with a variable phenotype caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in females (47,XXX instead of 46,XX). It is the most common female chromosomal abnormality, occurring in approximately 1 in 1,000 female births."
  • Root length in the permanent teeth of women with an additional X chromosome (47,XXX females)[3] "Increased enamel thickness in the teeth of 47,XXX females is apparently caused by the active enamel gene in all X chromosomes having no increased influence on crown dentin formation. These results in 47,XXX females indicate an increase in root dentin development, at least in the mandible, which together with the data on crown formation reflects a continuous long-lasting effect of the X chromosome on dental development."

Prenatal Diagnosis

Trisomy X karyotype.jpg

Trisomy X Karyotype[4]

The most common prenatal diagnosis is by either amniocentesis or chorionic villi sampling.

Amniocentesis.jpg Cvs.jpg


Links:Amniocentesis | Chorionic villus sampling

Physical Features

Feature Estimated frequency based on current available data
Tall stature >75th percentile 80 - 89 %
Epicanthal folds 32 - 46 %
Clinodactyly 42 - 65 %
Hypotonia in infancy 55 - 71 %
Genitourinary malformations 5 - 16 %
Seizure disorder 11 - 15 %
Intention tremor 6 - 20 %
Congenital hip dysplasia 2 - 12 %
Constipation/Abdominal pains 12 - 45 %
Premature ovarian failure unknown


Table data from Tartaglia NR, etal., 2010[2]

References

  1. <pubmed>23162306</pubmed>| Indian J Hum Genet.
  2. 2.0 2.1 <pubmed>20459843</pubmed>
  3. <pubmed>20568965</pubmed>
  4. 22346085</pubmed>| J Hum Reprod Sci.

Reviews

<pubmed>20459843</pubmed> <pubmed>17062147</pubmed>

Articles

<pubmed>19732877</pubmed> <pubmed>7815443</pubmed> <pubmed>1155452</pubmed> <pubmed>14452136</pubmed>

Search PubMed

Search Pubmed: Trisomy X

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Trisomy X. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Trisomy_X

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G