https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=The_early_development_of_the_cat_1&feed=atom&action=historyThe early development of the cat 1 - Revision history2024-03-29T15:00:39ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=The_early_development_of_the_cat_1&diff=413788&oldid=prevZ8600021: /* Chapter I.—The Ovum of the Cat */2020-06-09T23:40:18Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Chapter I.—The Ovum of the Cat</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Chapter I.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">—The </del>Ovum of the Cat=</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Chapter I. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">- The </ins>Ovum of the Cat=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==1. Maturation And Ovulation==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==1. Maturation And Ovulation==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>We give here a short resume of the observations of E. van der Stricht (55) and Longley (37) on the phenomena of maturation and ovulation, supplemented by our own.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>We give here a short resume of the observations of E. van der Stricht (55) and Longley (37) on the phenomena of maturation and ovulation, supplemented by our own.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>B. van der Stricht states that oestrus in cats generally lasts from two to three days (? after the first copulation, Longley). At the beginning of oestrus (first day), as a general rule, the intra-ovarian ovum (primary oocyte) has completed its growth, i.e. it has attained the stage of the full-grown ovarian ovum with a peripherally situated germinal vesicle. During the second clay (beginning or end) maturation sets in, and in the course of some hours the first polar body is extruded and the second polar mitotic figure established (stage of the mature ovarian ovum or secondary oocyte). Provided copulation has previously taken place ovulation now follows, and the ovum, still surrounded by the corona radiata of the discus proligerus (which persists for a variable period), is received into the Fallopian tube and is there fertilized, the time of fertilization practically coinciding with the end of oestrus (end of second or third day). Longley states that of a series of ten females killed at periods ranging from twenty-three to fifty hours after pairing, six had ovulated. The ova are said to pass very rapidly through the segment of the tube succeeding the ostium abdominale into its proximal third next the uterus, where, according to B. van der Stricht, fertilization usually appears to be effected though there are exceptions. B. van der Stricht records obtaining a three-celled egg from the middle third of the tube, and Bonnet a nine-celled egg from the same region as well as an egg with two pronuclei, about 1-5 cm. from the ostiuni uterinum. Cleavage, as our own observations show, is completed in the uterine segment of the tube, and the eggs do not pass into the uterus until about the stage when the morula is becoming converted into the early blastocyst through the appearance of the beginnings of the blastocyst cavity. As in other mammals, consequent on the penetration of the sperm into the ovum, the second meiotic division is completed and the second polar body given off. In the absence of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fertiliza-</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tion</del>, the second polar division is not completed (cf. our eggs 1 and 2, referred to below).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>B. van der Stricht states that oestrus in cats generally lasts from two to three days (? after the first copulation, Longley). At the beginning of oestrus (first day), as a general rule, the intra-ovarian ovum (primary oocyte) has completed its growth, i.e. it has attained the stage of the full-grown ovarian ovum with a peripherally situated germinal vesicle. During the second clay (beginning or end) maturation sets in, and in the course of some hours the first polar body is extruded and the second polar mitotic figure established (stage of the mature ovarian ovum or secondary oocyte). Provided copulation has previously taken place ovulation now follows, and the ovum, still surrounded by the corona radiata of the discus proligerus (which persists for a variable period), is received into the Fallopian tube and is there fertilized, the time of fertilization practically coinciding with the end of oestrus (end of second or third day). Longley states that of a series of ten females killed at periods ranging from twenty-three to fifty hours after pairing, six had ovulated. The ova are said to pass very rapidly through the segment of the tube succeeding the ostium abdominale into its proximal third next the uterus, where, according to B. van der Stricht, fertilization usually appears to be effected though there are exceptions. B. van der Stricht records obtaining a three-celled egg from the middle third of the tube, and Bonnet a nine-celled egg from the same region as well as an egg with two pronuclei, about 1-5 cm. from the ostiuni uterinum. Cleavage, as our own observations show, is completed in the uterine segment of the tube, and the eggs do not pass into the uterus until about the stage when the morula is becoming converted into the early blastocyst through the appearance of the beginnings of the blastocyst cavity. As in other mammals, consequent on the penetration of the sperm into the ovum, the second meiotic division is completed and the second polar body given off. In the absence of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fertilization</ins>, the second polar division is not completed (cf. our eggs 1 and 2, referred to below).</div></td></tr>
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</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=The_early_development_of_the_cat_1&diff=196228&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 10:04, 30 August 20152015-08-30T10:04:56Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Only in one ovum (egg 2) have we been able to observe the sperm-centrosphere, whilst in another (egg 10) we record the presence of what we regard as the egg-centrosonie (centriole) adjacent to the ? pronucleus. The observations of 0. van der Stricht (50) and Lams (36) on the process of fertilization in Vesperugo and Cavia, where the sperm-tail remains adherent to the central corpuscle of one of the poles of the first cleavage spindle demonstrate that in these mammals ' le ou les spermatocentres persistent et participent a l'edification des deux spheres attractives definitives de la premiere etoile-mere de l'oeuf en division ' (52, p. 15).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Only in one ovum (egg 2) have we been able to observe the sperm-centrosphere, whilst in another (egg 10) we record the presence of what we regard as the egg-centrosonie (centriole) adjacent to the ? pronucleus. The observations of 0. van der Stricht (50) and Lams (36) on the process of fertilization in Vesperugo and Cavia, where the sperm-tail remains adherent to the central corpuscle of one of the poles of the first cleavage spindle demonstrate that in these mammals ' le ou les spermatocentres persistent et participent a l'edification des deux spheres attractives definitives de la premiere etoile-mere de l'oeuf en division ' (52, p. 15).</div></td></tr>
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</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=The_early_development_of_the_cat_1&diff=187734&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 07:16, 22 July 20152015-07-22T07:16:52Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It appears to be well established that ovulation in the Cat is normally induced by copulation (de Winiwarter and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sain- mont </del>(58), Ancel and Bouin (2), Longley (37), E. van der Stricht (55)). Nevertheless it would occasionally seem to happen spontaneously. Bonnet (14) records finding an <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">unfer- tilized </del>egg in the tube ' bei einer langere Zeit in Einzelhaft gehaltenen und nicht belegten Katze '. We ourselves have obtained from each of two cats a single tubal egg (eggs 1 and 2) unfertilized and devoid of any trace of sperms. In egg 1, the first polar body is distinguishable though its limits are not very clearly defined, and 0028 mm. distant from it there is present in the egg-cytoplasm a group of chromosomes belonging to the second polar mitotic figure, the spindle-fibres of which are not visible. In egg 2 the first polar body has apparently divided. E. van der Stricht (55) records and figures the division of the first polar body in a ripe ovarian egg, and we record it as probable in our eggs 2 and 4. Longley (37) states that division of the first polar body ' is not of very common occurrence, especially in normal eggs '. The second polar mitotic figure is represented by an equatorial plate of small granular chromosomes, situated in the peripheral <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cyto- plasm </del>0-05 mm. distant from the first polar body. No spindle- fibres are visible, but from the position of the equatorial plate it is evident that in this case the axis of the second polar figure lies tangentially to the surface and not at right angles thereto as is usual. No doubt these eggs are somewhat abnormal, having probably been some little time in the tubes before fixation, but they serve to demonstrate that spontaneous ovulation can occur in the absence of copulation and that when fertilization is not effected the second polar body is not separated.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It appears to be well established that ovulation in the Cat is normally induced by copulation (de Winiwarter and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sainmont </ins>(58), Ancel and Bouin (2), Longley (37), E. van der Stricht (55)). Nevertheless it would occasionally seem to happen spontaneously. Bonnet (14) records finding an <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">unfertilized </ins>egg in the tube ' bei einer langere Zeit in Einzelhaft gehaltenen und nicht belegten Katze '. We ourselves have obtained from each of two cats a single tubal egg (eggs 1 and 2) unfertilized and devoid of any trace of sperms. In egg 1, the first polar body is distinguishable though its limits are not very clearly defined, and 0028 mm. distant from it there is present in the egg-cytoplasm a group of chromosomes belonging to the second polar mitotic figure, the spindle-fibres of which are not visible. In egg 2 the first polar body has apparently divided. E. van der Stricht (55) records and figures the division of the first polar body in a ripe ovarian egg, and we record it as probable in our eggs 2 and 4. Longley (37) states that division of the first polar body ' is not of very common occurrence, especially in normal eggs '. The second polar mitotic figure is represented by an equatorial plate of small granular chromosomes, situated in the peripheral <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cytoplasm </ins>0-05 mm. distant from the first polar body. No spindle-fibres are visible, but from the position of the equatorial plate it is evident that in this case the axis of the second polar figure lies tangentially to the surface and not at right angles thereto as is usual. No doubt these eggs are somewhat abnormal, having probably been some little time in the tubes before fixation, but they serve to demonstrate that spontaneous ovulation can occur in the absence of copulation and that when fertilization is not effected the second polar body is not separated.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Longley, with reference to the ovarian ovum of the Cat, states that ' the liAang cat's egg has a diameter ranging from 0-135 to 0-15 mm. and is surrounded by a zona 0012 to 0015 mm. in thickness '. We have no measurements either of full-grown ovarian or tubal ova in the fresh state^ but we have records of two tubal eggs which, measured in the fixing fluid, had diameters of 0153 mm. and 0-136 mm. respectively, whilst four eggs, in Hermann's fluid, measured 0-119 x 0-11 mm. in diameter, so that there is actually a considerable variation in the size of the ova. The zona varies in thickness in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">unseg- mented </del>ova from 00018 to 0006 mm. It increases in thickness during the sojourn of the egg in the tube, and reaches its maximum (0-012 mm.) in late morula and early blastocyst stages which have recently passed into the uterus. It remains intact, though of course greatly thinned out, until long after the blastocyst has become didermic.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Longley, with reference to the ovarian ovum of the Cat, states that ' the liAang cat's egg has a diameter ranging from 0-135 to 0-15 mm. and is surrounded by a zona 0012 to 0015 mm. in thickness '. We have no measurements either of full-grown ovarian or tubal ova in the fresh state^ but we have records of two tubal eggs which, measured in the fixing fluid, had diameters of 0153 mm. and 0-136 mm. respectively, whilst four eggs, in Hermann's fluid, measured 0-119 x 0-11 mm. in diameter, so that there is actually a considerable variation in the size of the ova. The zona varies in thickness in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">unsegmented </ins>ova from 00018 to 0006 mm. It increases in thickness during the sojourn of the egg in the tube, and reaches its maximum (0-012 mm.) in late morula and early blastocyst stages which have recently passed into the uterus. It remains intact, though of course greatly thinned out, until long after the blastocyst has become didermic.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Our observations on the fertilization process in the Cat are in the main in agreement with those of R. van der Stricht. Contrary to his statement, however, we are able to demonstrate that the pronuclei, once they have reached their definitive condition, are not identical but differ in size and in position, the cj pronucleus being always larger and always more <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">super- ficially </del>situated, nearer the upper or plastic pole, than the ? pronucleus. This is in agreement with the conclusion of Lams (36) for the pronuclei in Cavia as above stated, and of O. van der Stricht (50) for those of Vesperugo.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Our observations on the fertilization process in the Cat are in the main in agreement with those of R. van der Stricht. Contrary to his statement, however, we are able to demonstrate that the pronuclei, once they have reached their definitive condition, are not identical but differ in size and in position, the cj pronucleus being always larger and always more <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">superficially </ins>situated, nearer the upper or plastic pole, than the ? pronucleus. This is in agreement with the conclusion of Lams (36) for the pronuclei in Cavia as above stated, and of O. van der Stricht (50) for those of Vesperugo.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The pronuclei, after they have enlarged and assumed their characteristic vesicular form, migrate inwards and come to lie in the central plastic region of the egg which is more or less free from large fat-globules ; if fat-globules are originally present in this central region as in our egg 6 and egg 94 of R. van der Stricht, they would seem to undergo displacement towards the deutoplasmic pole, but apart from this they <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">main- tain </del>their original polar distribution during the fertilization process, no reversal of polarity such as 0. van der Stricht (50) and Lams (36) have described for Vesperugo and Cavia <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">occur- ring </del>in the Cat. The pronuclei, once they have reached the central plastic region, come to lie in close proximity or in actual contact, and acquire a disposition such that the larger (<$) pronucleus is situated nearer the plastic pole, the smaller (?) pronucleus nearer the deutoplasmic pole. The line joining their centres marks, as R. van der Stricht has emphasized, the definitive axis of the egg and the plane of the first cleavage, and it coincides as near as may be with the polar axis. Although the egg of the Cat presents an unmistakable polarity owing to the greater abundance of fat-globules at the lower pole as compared with the upper, there is a considerable amount. of variation and irregularity in their distribution in different eggs, with the result that it is often difficult to determine precisely the position of the polar axis, but once the pronuclei have acquired their final position the definitive egg-axis is readily determinable.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The pronuclei, after they have enlarged and assumed their characteristic vesicular form, migrate inwards and come to lie in the central plastic region of the egg which is more or less free from large fat-globules ; if fat-globules are originally present in this central region as in our egg 6 and egg 94 of R. van der Stricht, they would seem to undergo displacement towards the deutoplasmic pole, but apart from this they <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maintain </ins>their original polar distribution during the fertilization process, no reversal of polarity such as 0. van der Stricht (50) and Lams (36) have described for Vesperugo and Cavia <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">occurring </ins>in the Cat. The pronuclei, once they have reached the central plastic region, come to lie in close proximity or in actual contact, and acquire a disposition such that the larger (<$) pronucleus is situated nearer the plastic pole, the smaller (?) pronucleus nearer the deutoplasmic pole. The line joining their centres marks, as R. van der Stricht has emphasized, the definitive axis of the egg and the plane of the first cleavage, and it coincides as near as may be with the polar axis. Although the egg of the Cat presents an unmistakable polarity owing to the greater abundance of fat-globules at the lower pole as compared with the upper, there is a considerable amount. of variation and irregularity in their distribution in different eggs, with the result that it is often difficult to determine precisely the position of the polar axis, but once the pronuclei have acquired their final position the definitive egg-axis is readily determinable.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Like R. van der Stricht, we have never been able to observe the tail of the spermatozoon in the egg-cytoplasm. In both the Cat and the Dog, as 0. van der Stricht points out, the sperm-tail is very delicate and often difficult to see outside the ovum ; he records, however, that he has been able to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">demon- strate </del>its presence in several ova of the dog.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Like R. van der Stricht, we have never been able to observe the tail of the spermatozoon in the egg-cytoplasm. In both the Cat and the Dog, as 0. van der Stricht points out, the sperm-tail is very delicate and often difficult to see outside the ovum ; he records, however, that he has been able to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">demonstrate </ins>its presence in several ova of the dog.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Only in one ovum (egg 2) have we been able to observe the sperm-centrosphere, whilst in another (egg 10) we record the presence of what we regard as the egg-centrosonie (centriole) adjacent to the ? pronucleus. The observations of 0. van der Stricht (50) and Lams (36) on the process of fertilization in Vesperugo and Cavia, where the sperm-tail remains adherent to the central corpuscle of one of the poles of the first cleavage spindle demonstrate that in these mammals ' le ou les <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sper- matocentres </del>persistent et participent a l'edification des deux spheres attractives definitives de la premiere etoile-mere de l'oeuf en division ' (52, p. 15).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Only in one ovum (egg 2) have we been able to observe the sperm-centrosphere, whilst in another (egg 10) we record the presence of what we regard as the egg-centrosonie (centriole) adjacent to the ? pronucleus. The observations of 0. van der Stricht (50) and Lams (36) on the process of fertilization in Vesperugo and Cavia, where the sperm-tail remains adherent to the central corpuscle of one of the poles of the first cleavage spindle demonstrate that in these mammals ' le ou les <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">spermatocentres </ins>persistent et participent a l'edification des deux spheres attractives definitives de la premiere etoile-mere de l'oeuf en division ' (52, p. 15).</div></td></tr>
</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=The_early_development_of_the_cat_1&diff=187502&oldid=prevZ8600021: /* 4. Remarks on Fertilization */2015-07-22T00:11:02Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">4. Remarks on Fertilization</span></span></p>
<a href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=The_early_development_of_the_cat_1&diff=187502&oldid=187500">Show changes</a>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=The_early_development_of_the_cat_1&diff=187500&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 00:10, 22 July 20152015-07-22T00:10:21Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:10, 22 July 2015</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Hill1924 header}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Hill1924 header}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=</del>=Chapter I.—The Ovum of the Cat<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=</del>=</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=Chapter I.—The Ovum of the Cat=</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>1. Maturation And Ovulation</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==</ins>1. Maturation And Ovulation<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>We give here a short resume of the observations of E. van der Stricht (55) and Longley (37) on the phenomena of maturation and ovulation, supplemented by our own.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>We give here a short resume of the observations of E. van der Stricht (55) and Longley (37) on the phenomena of maturation and ovulation, supplemented by our own.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>2. Structure of the Ovum</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==</ins>2. Structure of the Ovum<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The unsegmented tubal egg of the Cat appears in section not quite spherical but ovalish in outline. It varies in sectional diameter from 0084 to 011 x0-09 mm. (average of 0095 x 0082 mm. in thirteen eggs measured). The ovum itself (exclusive of the zona) varies in section from 0-069 x 0-57 mm. to 0-09 x 0-08 mm. in diameter (average of 0-0S2 x 0-07 mm.).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The unsegmented tubal egg of the Cat appears in section not quite spherical but ovalish in outline. It varies in sectional diameter from 0084 to 011 x0-09 mm. (average of 0095 x 0082 mm. in thirteen eggs measured). The ovum itself (exclusive of the zona) varies in section from 0-069 x 0-57 mm. to 0-09 x 0-08 mm. in diameter (average of 0-0S2 x 0-07 mm.).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l45">Line 45:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 45:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>3. Fertilization</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==</ins>3. Fertilization<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Comprised in our material are eleven eggs derived from five cats : Cat I, eggs 1 and 2 ; Cat II, eggs (3) and 4 ; Cat III, eggs 5, 6, 7, and (8) ; Cat IV, eggs 9 and 10 ; Cat V, egg 11. These eggs fall into three groups :</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Comprised in our material are eleven eggs derived from five cats : Cat I, eggs 1 and 2 ; Cat II, eggs (3) and 4 ; Cat III, eggs 5, 6, 7, and (8) ; Cat IV, eggs 9 and 10 ; Cat V, egg 11. These eggs fall into three groups :</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l137">Line 137:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 137:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The special interest of these eggs is that they show that the larger of the two pronuclei in normal eggs is the male. This is in agreement with the statement of Lams (36) that in Cavia the male pronucleus is always the more peripheral and is always larger than the female pronucleus.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The special interest of these eggs is that they show that the larger of the two pronuclei in normal eggs is the male. This is in agreement with the statement of Lams (36) that in Cavia the male pronucleus is always the more peripheral and is always larger than the female pronucleus.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>4. Remarks on Fertilization<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==</ins>4. Remarks on Fertilization<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Our knowledge of the phenomena of maturation and fertilization in the monodelphian mammals is now extensive, thanks to the work of O. van der Stricht (50, 52), H. Lams (35, 36), Sobotta (47), and others. 0 . van der Stricht (52) has recently given a most valuable r e s u m e of his own investigations and those of his pupils, to which we would refer the reader.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Our knowledge of the phenomena of maturation and fertilization in the monodelphian mammals is now extensive, thanks to the work of O. van der Stricht (50, 52), H. Lams (35, 36), Sobotta (47), and others. 0 . van der Stricht (52) has recently given a most valuable r e s u m e of his own investigations and those of his pupils, to which we would refer the reader.</div></td></tr>
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