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==List of Figures==
 
===Introduction===
1. Epidermis of larval salamander
 
2. Section of growing root-tip of the onion
 
3. Amoeba Proteus
 
4. Cleavage of the ovum in Toxopneustes
 
5. Diagram of inheritance
 
===Chapter I===
 
6. Diagram of a cell
 
7. Spermatogonia of salamander
 
8. Group of cells, showing cytoplasm, nucleus, and centrosomes
 
9. Living cells of salamander larva, showing fibrillar structure
 
10. Alveolar or foam-structure of protoplasm, according to Butschli
 
11. Structure of protoplasm in the echinoderm egg 27
 
12. Aster-formation in alveolar protoplasm 28
 
13. Nuclei from the crypts of Lieberkiihn 32
 
14. Special forms of nuclei 35
 
15. Scattered nucleus in Trachelocerca 37
 
16. Scattered nucleus in Bacteria and Flagellata 39
 
17. Ciliated cells , ... 43
 
18. Cells of amphibian pancreas 44
 
19. Nephridial cell of CUpsine 45
 
20. Nerve-cell of frog 47
 
21. Diagram of dividing cell 49
 
22. Diagrams of cell-polarity 56
 
23. Centrosomes in epithelium and in blood-corpuscles 57
 
===Chapter II===
 
24. Remak's scheme of cell-division 64
 
25. Diagram of the prophases of mitosis 66
 
26. Diagram of later phases of mitosis ......... 69
 
27. Prophases in salamander-cells 73
 
28. Metaphase and anaphases in salamander-cells ....... 75
 
29. Telophases in salamander-cells 76
 
30. Mid-body and cell-plate in cells of Li max 79
 
31. Middle phases of mitosis in Ascaris-eggp 80
 
32. Mitosis in Stypocaulon 81
 
33. Mitosis in F.rysiphe 83
 
34. Mitosis in pollen- mother-cells of lily, according to Guignard 84
 
36. Mitosis in spore-cells of Equiseium 85
 
37. Heterotypical mitosis 87
 
38. Mitosis in Infusoria 89
 
39. Mitosis in Euglypha 90
 
40. Mitosis in Eugtena 91
 
41. Mitosis in Acanthocystis 92
 
42. Mitosis in Noctiluca 93
 
43. Mitosis in Paramaba 95
 
44. Mitosis in Actinospharium 96
 
45. Mitosis in Actinospfuzrium 97
 
46. Pathological mitoses in cancer-cells 98
 
47. Pathological mitosis caused by poisons 99
 
48. Van Beneden's account of astral systems in A scan's 100
 
49. Leucocytes 102
 
50. Pigment-cells 103
 
51. Heidenhain's model of mitosis 104
 
52. Mitosis in the egg of Toxopneustes 107
 
53. Pathological mitoses in polyspermy 109
 
54. Nuclei in the spireme-stage 112
 
55. Early division of chromatin in Ascaris 113
 
56. Amitotic division 115
 
===Chapter III===
 
57. Volvux 123
 
58. Ovum of Toxopneustes 126
 
59. Ovum of the cat .127
 
60. Ovum of Nereis 129
 
61. Germinal vesicles of Unio and Epeira 130
 
62. Insect-egg 132
 
63. Micropyle in Argonaut a 133
 
64. Germ-cells of Volvox 134
 
65. Diagram of the flagellate spermatozoon 135
 
66. Spermatozoa of fishes and amphibia 1 36
 
67. Spermatozoa of birds and other animals 138
 
68. Sj>ermatozoa of mammals 140
 
69. Unusual forms of spermatozoa 141
 
70. Spermatozoids of Char a 142
 
71. Spermatozoids of various plants 143
 
72. Germ-cells of Cladonema 146
 
73. Primordial germ-cells of Ascaris 147
 
74. Primordial germ-cells of Cyclops 149
 
75. Ovarian ova and follicles of Helix 151
 
76. Egg and nurse-cells in Ophryotrocha 152
 
77. Ovarian eggs of insects 153
 
78. Young ovarian eggs of various animals 1 54
 
79. Young ovarian eggs of birds and mammals 155
 
80. Ovarian eggs of spider, earthworm, ascidian, showing yolk-nucleus . . . 1 57
 
81. Ovarian eggs of Limulus and Polyzonium 159
 
82. Formation of the spermatozoon in Anas a 162
 
83. Transformation of the spermatids of the salamander 164
 
84. Formation of the spermatozoon in Salamandra and Amphiuma . . . .166
 
85. The same in Helix and in elasmobranchs 168
 
86. The same in mammals 169
 
87. Formation of spermatozoids in cycads 173
 
88. Formation of spermatozoids in cryptogams 174
 
===Chapter IV===
 
89. Fertilization of Physa 180
 
90. Fertilization of Ascaris 183
 
91. Germ-nuclei of Nematodes 184
 
92. Fertilization of the mouse 185
 
93. Fertilization of Pterotrachea 186
 
94. Entrance and rotation of sperm-head in Toxopneustes 187
 
95. Conjugation of the germ-nuclei in Toxopneustes 189
 
96. Diagrams of fertilization 190
 
97. Fertilization of Nereis 191
 
98. Fertilization of Cyclops 193
 
99. Fertilization and persistence of centrosomes in Thalassema . . . . 195
 
100. Entrance of spermatozoon into the egg 197
 
101. Pathological polyspermy 199
 
102. Polar rings of Clepsine 201
 
103. Paths of the germ-nuclei in Toxopneustes 203
 
104. Fertilization of Myzostoma 209
 
105. Fertilization of Pilularia 216
 
106. Penetration of the pollen-tube in angiosperms 217
 
107. Fertilization of the lily 219
 
108. Fertilization in Zamia 220
 
109. Diagram of conjugation in Infusoria 223
 
1 10. Conjugation of Paramecium 225
 
111. Conjugation of Vorticella 226
 
112. Conjugation of Noctiluca 227
 
113. Conjugation of Spirogyra 228
 
===Chapter V===
 
114. Polar bodies in Toxopneustes
 
115. Genesis of the egg
 
116. Diagram of formation of polar bodies
 
117. Polar bodies in Ascaris
 
118. Genesis of the spermatozoon
 
1 19. Diagram of reduction in the male
 
120. Spermatogenesis of Ascaris
 
121. Diagrams illustrating tetrad -formation
 
122. Tetrads of Gryllotalpa
 
123. Tetrads and polar bodies in Cyclops
 
124. Diagrams of tetrad-formation in arthropods 251
 
125. Germinal vesicles and tetrads 252
 
126. Maturation in Anasa . 254
 
127. Maturation in Anasa 255
 
128. Diagrams of reduction 259
 
129. Maturation in Thalassema 260
 
130. Maturation in Thalassema and Zirphaa 261
 
131. Maturation in Salamandra 262
 
132. The maturation-divisions in angiosperms 264
 
133. Maturation in Lilium 266
 
134. Maturation in Lilium 268
 
135. Diagrams of reduction in the flowering plants 270
 
136. Ovary of Canthocamptus 273
 
137. Polar spindles without centrosomes 276
 
138. Polar bodies in Actinophrys 278
 
139. Polar bodies in Actinospharium 278
 
140. Conjugation and reduction in Clostcriitm 279
 
141. First type of parthenogenetic maturation in Artemia 282
 
142. Second type of parthenogenetic maturation in Artemia 283
 
===Chapter VI===
 
143. Abnormalities in the fertilization of Ascaris 295
 
144. Giant embryo of Asian's 296
 
145. Individuality of chromosomes in Ascaris 297
 
146. Independence of chromosomes in fertilization of Cyclops 298
 
147. Hybrid fertilization of Ascaris 300
 
148. Mitosis with intranuclear centrosome in Ascaris 305
 
149. Abnormal mitoses in Hemerocallis . 306
 
150. Centrosomes in Chatopterus and Cerebratulus ....... 307
 
151. Artificially produced asters and centrosomes in echinoderms .... 308
 
152. Diagram of different types of centrosome and centrosphcre .... 310
 
153. Polar mitoses in Diaulula 312
 
154. Astral systems in Unto 313
 
155. Astral systems in Cerebratulus and Thalassema 320
 
156. Structure of the aster in spermatogonium of salamander 326
 
===Chapter VII===
 
157. History of chromosomes in the germinal vesicle of sharks 339
 
158. Nucleated and enucleated fragments of Stylonychia 342
 
159. Regeneration in Stentor 343
 
160. Nucleated and enucleated fragments of Amatba 344
 
161. Nucleated and enucleated fragments of plant-protoplasm 345
 
162. Position of nuclei in plant-cells 347
 
163. Ovary of Forficula 349
 
164. Normal and dwarf larvx of sea-urchins 352
 
165. Supernumerary centrosome in Ascaris 355
 
166. Geavage of dispermic egg of Toxopneustcs 356
 
167. Centrosomes and cilia 357
 
 
===Chapter VIII===
 
68. Geometrical relations of cleavage-planes in plants 363
 
69. Cleavage of Synapta 365
 
70. Cleavage of Polygordius 367
 
71. Cleavage of Nereis 369
 
72. Variations in the third cleavage 370
 
73. Meroblastic cleavage in the squid 372
 
74. Rudimentary cells in Aricia 373
 
75. Teloblasts of the earthworm 374
 
76. Contradiction of Hertwig's rule in Ascaris 376
 
77. Bilateral cleavage in tunicates 3 So
 
78. Bilateral cleavage in Loligo 3S1
 
79. Eggs of Loligo 382
 
80. Eggs and embryos of Corixa 383
 
81. Variations in axial relations of Cyclops 385
 
===Chapter IX===
 
182. Half-embryos of the frog 400
 
183. Half and whole cleavage in sea-urchins 407
 
184. Normal and dwarf gastrulas of Amphioxits . /08
 
185. Dwarf and double embryos of Amphioxus ,09
 
186. Cleavage of sea-urchin eggs under pressure 411
 
187. Cleavage of AV/-«J-eggs under pressure
 
188. Diagrams of cleavage in mollusks and polyclades
 
189. Partial larvae of ctenophores
 
190. Partial cleavage in Ilyanassa
 
191. Double embryos of frog
 
192. Cleavage in Crepidula
 
193. Normal and modified larvce of sea-urchins
 
194. Regeneration in ccelenterates
 
 
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Wilson EB. The Cell in Development and Inheritance. Second edition (1900) New York, 1900.

   Cell development and inheritance (1900): Introduction | List of Figures | Chapter I General Sketch of the Cell | Chapter II Cell-division | Chapter III The Germ-cells | Chapter IV Fertilization of the Ovum | Chapter V Reduction of the Chromosomes, Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis | Chapter VI Some Problems of Cell-organization | Chapter VII Some Aspects of Cell-chemistry and Cell-physiology | Chapter VIII Cell-division and Development | Chapter IX Theories of Inheritance and Development | Glossary
Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages 
Mark Hill.jpg
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)

List of Figures

Introduction

1. Epidermis of larval salamander

2. Section of growing root-tip of the onion

3. Amoeba Proteus

4. Cleavage of the ovum in Toxopneustes

5. Diagram of inheritance

Chapter I

6. Diagram of a cell

7. Spermatogonia of salamander

8. Group of cells, showing cytoplasm, nucleus, and centrosomes

9. Living cells of salamander larva, showing fibrillar structure

10. Alveolar or foam-structure of protoplasm, according to Butschli

11. Structure of protoplasm in the echinoderm egg 27

12. Aster-formation in alveolar protoplasm 28

13. Nuclei from the crypts of Lieberkiihn 32

14. Special forms of nuclei 35

15. Scattered nucleus in Trachelocerca 37

16. Scattered nucleus in Bacteria and Flagellata 39

17. Ciliated cells , ... 43

18. Cells of amphibian pancreas 44

19. Nephridial cell of CUpsine 45

20. Nerve-cell of frog 47

21. Diagram of dividing cell 49

22. Diagrams of cell-polarity 56

23. Centrosomes in epithelium and in blood-corpuscles 57

Chapter II

24. Remak's scheme of cell-division 64

25. Diagram of the prophases of mitosis 66

26. Diagram of later phases of mitosis ......... 69

27. Prophases in salamander-cells 73

28. Metaphase and anaphases in salamander-cells ....... 75

29. Telophases in salamander-cells 76

30. Mid-body and cell-plate in cells of Li max 79

31. Middle phases of mitosis in Ascaris-eggp 80

32. Mitosis in Stypocaulon 81

33. Mitosis in F.rysiphe 83

34. Mitosis in pollen- mother-cells of lily, according to Guignard 84

36. Mitosis in spore-cells of Equiseium 85

37. Heterotypical mitosis 87

38. Mitosis in Infusoria 89

39. Mitosis in Euglypha 90

40. Mitosis in Eugtena 91

41. Mitosis in Acanthocystis 92

42. Mitosis in Noctiluca 93

43. Mitosis in Paramaba 95

44. Mitosis in Actinospharium 96

45. Mitosis in Actinospfuzrium 97

46. Pathological mitoses in cancer-cells 98

47. Pathological mitosis caused by poisons 99

48. Van Beneden's account of astral systems in A scan's 100

49. Leucocytes 102

50. Pigment-cells 103

51. Heidenhain's model of mitosis 104

52. Mitosis in the egg of Toxopneustes 107

53. Pathological mitoses in polyspermy 109

54. Nuclei in the spireme-stage 112

55. Early division of chromatin in Ascaris 113

56. Amitotic division 115

Chapter III

57. Volvux 123

58. Ovum of Toxopneustes 126

59. Ovum of the cat .127

60. Ovum of Nereis 129

61. Germinal vesicles of Unio and Epeira 130

62. Insect-egg 132

63. Micropyle in Argonaut a 133

64. Germ-cells of Volvox 134

65. Diagram of the flagellate spermatozoon 135

66. Spermatozoa of fishes and amphibia 1 36

67. Spermatozoa of birds and other animals 138

68. Sj>ermatozoa of mammals 140

69. Unusual forms of spermatozoa 141

70. Spermatozoids of Char a 142

71. Spermatozoids of various plants 143

72. Germ-cells of Cladonema 146

73. Primordial germ-cells of Ascaris 147

74. Primordial germ-cells of Cyclops 149

75. Ovarian ova and follicles of Helix 151

76. Egg and nurse-cells in Ophryotrocha 152

77. Ovarian eggs of insects 153

78. Young ovarian eggs of various animals 1 54

79. Young ovarian eggs of birds and mammals 155

80. Ovarian eggs of spider, earthworm, ascidian, showing yolk-nucleus . . . 1 57

81. Ovarian eggs of Limulus and Polyzonium 159

82. Formation of the spermatozoon in Anas a 162

83. Transformation of the spermatids of the salamander 164

84. Formation of the spermatozoon in Salamandra and Amphiuma . . . .166

85. The same in Helix and in elasmobranchs 168

86. The same in mammals 169

87. Formation of spermatozoids in cycads 173

88. Formation of spermatozoids in cryptogams 174

Chapter IV

89. Fertilization of Physa 180

90. Fertilization of Ascaris 183

91. Germ-nuclei of Nematodes 184

92. Fertilization of the mouse 185

93. Fertilization of Pterotrachea 186

94. Entrance and rotation of sperm-head in Toxopneustes 187

95. Conjugation of the germ-nuclei in Toxopneustes 189

96. Diagrams of fertilization 190

97. Fertilization of Nereis 191

98. Fertilization of Cyclops 193

99. Fertilization and persistence of centrosomes in Thalassema . . . . 195

100. Entrance of spermatozoon into the egg 197

101. Pathological polyspermy 199

102. Polar rings of Clepsine 201

103. Paths of the germ-nuclei in Toxopneustes 203

104. Fertilization of Myzostoma 209

105. Fertilization of Pilularia 216

106. Penetration of the pollen-tube in angiosperms 217

107. Fertilization of the lily 219

108. Fertilization in Zamia 220

109. Diagram of conjugation in Infusoria 223

1 10. Conjugation of Paramecium 225

111. Conjugation of Vorticella 226

112. Conjugation of Noctiluca 227

113. Conjugation of Spirogyra 228

Chapter V

114. Polar bodies in Toxopneustes

115. Genesis of the egg

116. Diagram of formation of polar bodies

117. Polar bodies in Ascaris

118. Genesis of the spermatozoon

1 19. Diagram of reduction in the male

120. Spermatogenesis of Ascaris

121. Diagrams illustrating tetrad -formation

122. Tetrads of Gryllotalpa

123. Tetrads and polar bodies in Cyclops

124. Diagrams of tetrad-formation in arthropods 251

125. Germinal vesicles and tetrads 252

126. Maturation in Anasa . 254

127. Maturation in Anasa 255

128. Diagrams of reduction 259

129. Maturation in Thalassema 260

130. Maturation in Thalassema and Zirphaa 261

131. Maturation in Salamandra 262

132. The maturation-divisions in angiosperms 264

133. Maturation in Lilium 266

134. Maturation in Lilium 268

135. Diagrams of reduction in the flowering plants 270

136. Ovary of Canthocamptus 273

137. Polar spindles without centrosomes 276

138. Polar bodies in Actinophrys 278

139. Polar bodies in Actinospharium 278

140. Conjugation and reduction in Clostcriitm 279

141. First type of parthenogenetic maturation in Artemia 282

142. Second type of parthenogenetic maturation in Artemia 283

Chapter VI

143. Abnormalities in the fertilization of Ascaris 295

144. Giant embryo of Asian's 296

145. Individuality of chromosomes in Ascaris 297

146. Independence of chromosomes in fertilization of Cyclops 298

147. Hybrid fertilization of Ascaris 300

148. Mitosis with intranuclear centrosome in Ascaris 305

149. Abnormal mitoses in Hemerocallis . 306

150. Centrosomes in Chatopterus and Cerebratulus ....... 307

151. Artificially produced asters and centrosomes in echinoderms .... 308

152. Diagram of different types of centrosome and centrosphcre .... 310

153. Polar mitoses in Diaulula 312

154. Astral systems in Unto 313

155. Astral systems in Cerebratulus and Thalassema 320

156. Structure of the aster in spermatogonium of salamander 326

Chapter VII

157. History of chromosomes in the germinal vesicle of sharks 339

158. Nucleated and enucleated fragments of Stylonychia 342

159. Regeneration in Stentor 343

160. Nucleated and enucleated fragments of Amatba 344

161. Nucleated and enucleated fragments of plant-protoplasm 345

162. Position of nuclei in plant-cells 347

163. Ovary of Forficula 349

164. Normal and dwarf larvx of sea-urchins 352

165. Supernumerary centrosome in Ascaris 355

166. Geavage of dispermic egg of Toxopneustcs 356

167. Centrosomes and cilia 357


Chapter VIII

68. Geometrical relations of cleavage-planes in plants 363

69. Cleavage of Synapta 365

70. Cleavage of Polygordius 367

71. Cleavage of Nereis 369

72. Variations in the third cleavage 370

73. Meroblastic cleavage in the squid 372

74. Rudimentary cells in Aricia 373

75. Teloblasts of the earthworm 374

76. Contradiction of Hertwig's rule in Ascaris 376

77. Bilateral cleavage in tunicates 3 So

78. Bilateral cleavage in Loligo 3S1

79. Eggs of Loligo 382

80. Eggs and embryos of Corixa 383

81. Variations in axial relations of Cyclops 385

Chapter IX

182. Half-embryos of the frog 400

183. Half and whole cleavage in sea-urchins 407

184. Normal and dwarf gastrulas of Amphioxits . /08

185. Dwarf and double embryos of Amphioxus ,09

186. Cleavage of sea-urchin eggs under pressure 411

187. Cleavage of AV/-«J-eggs under pressure

188. Diagrams of cleavage in mollusks and polyclades

189. Partial larvae of ctenophores

190. Partial cleavage in Ilyanassa

191. Double embryos of frog

192. Cleavage in Crepidula

193. Normal and modified larvce of sea-urchins

194. Regeneration in ccelenterates


Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages 
Mark Hill.jpg
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)
   Cell development and inheritance (1900): Introduction | List of Figures | Chapter I General Sketch of the Cell | Chapter II Cell-division | Chapter III The Germ-cells | Chapter IV Fertilization of the Ovum | Chapter V Reduction of the Chromosomes, Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis | Chapter VI Some Problems of Cell-organization | Chapter VII Some Aspects of Cell-chemistry and Cell-physiology | Chapter VIII Cell-division and Development | Chapter IX Theories of Inheritance and Development | Glossary

Wilson EB. The Cell in Development and Inheritance. Second edition (1900) New York, 1900.


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