Template:Second Trimester Timeline collapsable table: Difference between revisions

From Embryology
(Created page with "{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! Second Trimester Timeline  |- | {{Second Trimester Timeline}} |}")
 
mNo edit summary
 
Line 4: Line 4:
| {{Second Trimester Timeline}}
| {{Second Trimester Timeline}}
|}
|}
<noinclude>[[Category:Template]][[Category:Timeline]][[Category:Second Trimester]][[Category:Fetal]]</noinclude>

Latest revision as of 12:24, 12 May 2018

Second Trimester Timeline 
Second Trimester Timeline 
Links: human timeline | first trimester timeline | second trimester timeline | third trimester timeline
Week
Stage
Event
12
Clinical second trimester Fetal head lateral.jpg Week 12 - CRL 85 mm, femur length 15 mm, biparietal diameter 25 mm

Hearing Week 12-16 - Capsule adjacent to membranous labrynth undegoes vacuolization to form a cavity (perilymphatic space) around membranous labrynth and fills with perilymph


Genital male and female external genital differences observable

Respiratory Month 3-6 - lungs appear glandular, end month 6 alveolar cells type 2 appear and begin to secrete surfactant

Tongue Week 12 - first differentiated epithelial cells (Type II and III)

Genital female genital canal (80 days) formed with absorption of the median septum

13
  tongue Week 12 to 13 - maximum synapses between cells and afferent nerve fibers

hearing outer ear Week 13 - Meatal plug disc-like, innermost surface in contact with the primordial malleus, contributes to the formation of the tympanic membrane.  

14
tongue Week 14 to 15 - taste pores develop, mucous

ovary 100 days - primary follicles present

nail toenails appear

Head Development facial skeleton remodelling begins

Hearing - Inner Ear Development Week 14 GA 16 - neural-crest-derived melanocytes, now intermediate cells of the stria vascularis, tightly integrate with Na+ /K+ -ATPase-positive marginal cells, which started to express KCNQ1 in their apical membrane.[1]

15
  Pancreas glucagon detectable in fetal plasma.

spleen Week 15 -alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-positive reticulum cells scattered around the arterioles.[2]

16
14 cm Fetal size change.jpg Hearing Week 16-24 - Centres of ossification appear in remaining cartilage of otic capsule form petrous portion of temporal bone. Continues to ossify to form mastoid process of temporal bone.

pituitary adenohypophysis fully differentiated

respiratory Week 16 to 25 lung histology - canalicular

Hearing - Outer Ear Development Week 16.5 - External auditory meatus is fully patent throughout its length, lumen is still narrow and curved.

Hearing - Inner Ear Development Week 16 GA 18 - cells in the outer sulcus express KCNJ10 and gap junction proteins GJB2/CX26 and GJB6/CX30, but these are not expressed in the spiral ligament.[1] gap junction cartoon

neural - Cerebrum development of the periinsular sulci (week 16-17, GA 18-19 weeks)[3]


integumentary 4 months - basal cell- proliferation generates folds in basement membrane; neural crest cells- (melanocytes) migrate into epithelium; embryonic connective tissue- differentiates into dermis, a loose ct layer over a dense ct layer. Beneath the dense ct layer is another loose ct layer that will form the subcutaneous layer. Ectoderm contributes to nails, hair follictles and glands. Nails form as thickening of ectoderm epidermis at the tips of fingers and toes. These form germinative cells of nail field. Cords of these cells extend into mesoderm forming epithelial columns. These form hair follocles, sebaceous and sweat glands.

primary follicles begin to form in the ovary and are characterized by an oocyte

glandular urethra forms and skin folds present

17
Brain week 17 histology.jpg Neural - Brain development histology week 17

Cerebellum Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can study the developing cerebellum from 17 to 18 weeks (GA 19 to 20 weeks).

tooth Week 17 - First papilla of the permanent dentition appear (first molar) immediately behind the second milk molar, milk teeth are well advanced (Fetus 180 mm).

18
Bailey095.jpgtongue Week 18 - substance P detected in dermal papillae, not in taste bud primordia

integumentary vernix caseosa covers skin

spleen Week 18 - alpha-SMA-positive reticulum cells increase in number and began to form a reticular framework. An accumulation of T and B lymphocytes occurred within the framework, and a primitive white pulp was observed around the arterioles.[2]

Hearing - Outer Ear Development week 18 - External auditory meatus is already fully expanded to its complete form.

neural - Cerebrum central sulci and opercularization of the insula (week 18-20, GA 20-22 weeks)[3]

19
  neural week 19 neuronal migration ends and the radial glial cells that aided the migration now become transformed into astrocytes and astrocytic precursors.[4]
20
  pituitary week 20 to 24 growth hormone levels peak, then decline

integumentary lanugo, skin hair

integumentary 5 months - Hair growth initiated at base of cord, lateral outgrowths form associated sebaceous glands; Other cords elongate and coil to form sweat glands; Cords in mammary region branch as they elongate to form mammary glands.

touch pacinian corpuscle begin to develop[5]

21
   
22
  Gray0038.jpg Neural brain cortical sulcation - sylvian fissure, interhemispheric fissure, callosal sulcus, parietooccipital fissure, and hippocampic fissures present[6]

spleen - Week 22 - antigenic diversity of the reticular framework was observed, and T and B lymphocytes were segregated in the framework. T lymphocytes were sorted into the alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive reticular framework, and the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) was formed around the arteriole. B lymphocytes aggregated in eccentric portions to the PALS and formed the lymph follicle (LF). The reticular framework of the LF was alpha-SMA-negative. [2]

neural - Cerebrum covering of the posterior insula (week 22-24, GA 24-26 weeks)[3]

23
   
24
  respiratory Week 24 to 40 lung histology - terminal sac

spleen Week 24 - marginal zone appeared in the alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive reticular framework around the white pulp.[2]

tooth Week 24 - Permanent incisors and canines appear.

Earliest potential survival expected if born

ovary follicles can consist of growing oocytes surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells

25
  respiratory end month 6 alveolar cells type 2 appear and begin to secrete surfactant

neural - Cerebrum closure of the laeteral sulcus (Sylvian fissure or lateral fissure) (week 25-26, GA 27-28 weeks)[3]

26
  touch pacinian corpuscle well developed[5]
Systems  
Systems: bone timeline | eye neural crest timeline | heart abnormality timeline | hearing EAM timeline | muscle timeline | ovary timeline | placental villi timeline | shoulder timeline | smell timeline | spleen timeline | ventricular timeline
  1. 1.0 1.1 Locher H, de Groot JC, van Iperen L, Huisman MA, Frijns JH & Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM. (2015). Development of the stria vascularis and potassium regulation in the human fetal cochlea: Insights into hereditary sensorineural hearing loss. Dev Neurobiol , 75, 1219-40. PMID: 25663387 DOI.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Satoh T, Sakurai E, Tada H & Masuda T. (2009). Ontogeny of reticular framework of white pulp and marginal zone in human spleen: immunohistochemical studies of fetal spleens from the 17th to 40th week of gestation. Cell Tissue Res. , 336, 287-97. PMID: 19255788 DOI.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Afif A, Bouvier R, Buenerd A, Trouillas J & Mertens P. (2007). Development of the human fetal insular cortex: study of the gyration from 13 to 28 gestational weeks. Brain Struct Funct , 212, 335-46. PMID: 17962979 DOI.
  4. Kadhim HJ, Gadisseux JF & Evrard P. (1988). Topographical and cytological evolution of the glial phase during prenatal development of the human brain: histochemical and electron microscopic study. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , 47, 166-88. PMID: 3339373
  5. 5.0 5.1 Hewer EE. The development of nerve endings in the human foetus. (1935) J Anat. 69(3):369-79. PMID 17104543
  6. Garel C, Chantrel E, Brisse H, Elmaleh M, Luton D, Oury JF, Sebag G & Hassan M. (2001). Fetal cerebral cortex: normal gestational landmarks identified using prenatal MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , 22, 184-9. PMID: 11158907