Template:Respiratory terms: Difference between revisions
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* '''assisted ventilation''' - Clinical term referring to newborn (perinatal) respiration assistance required immediately following delivery, the infant given minimal breaths for any duration with bag and mask or bag and endotracheal tube within the first several minutes from birth. Excludes free flow oxygen only and laryngoscopy for aspiration of [[M#meconium|meconium]]. | * '''assisted ventilation''' - Clinical term referring to newborn (perinatal) respiration assistance required immediately following delivery, the infant given minimal breaths for any duration with bag and mask or bag and endotracheal tube within the first several minutes from birth. Excludes free flow oxygen only and laryngoscopy for aspiration of [[M#meconium|meconium]]. | ||
* '''asthma''' - Flow limitation during tidal expiration in early life significantly associated with the development of physician-diagnosed asthma by the age of 2 years. Infants with abnormal lung function soon after birth may have a genetic predisposition to asthma or other airway abnormalities that predict the risk of subsequent lower respiratory tract illness. PMID 8176553 | |||
* '''azygos lobe''' - Common condition (0.5% of population). The right lung upper lobe expands either side of the posterior cardinal. There is also some course variability of the phrenic nerve in the presence of an azygos lobe. | |||
* '''Bochdalek hernia''' - The most common form (80-85%) of the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) types occurring mainly on the postero-lateral (left) side of the respiratory diaphragm. (More? [[Respiratory_System_-_Abnormalities#Congenital_Diaphragmatic_Hernia|Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia]]) | * '''Bochdalek hernia''' - The most common form (80-85%) of the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) types occurring mainly on the postero-lateral (left) side of the respiratory diaphragm. (More? [[Respiratory_System_-_Abnormalities#Congenital_Diaphragmatic_Hernia|Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia]]) | ||
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* '''Clara cell secretory protein''' - (CCSP) A protective lung protein secreted from non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells in the conducting airways of mammals. The protein increases in expression level post-natally and is thought to have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. | * '''Clara cell secretory protein''' - (CCSP) A protective lung protein secreted from non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells in the conducting airways of mammals. The protein increases in expression level post-natally and is thought to have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. | ||
* '''congenital diaphragmatic hernia''' - Abnormality due to failure of the pleuroperitoneal foramen (foramen of Bochdalek) to close (left side), allows viscera into thorax Intestine, stomach or spleen can enter the pleural cavity, compressing the lung. Rarer (Morgagni hernia) is an opening in the front of the diaphragm. [[Respiratory_System_-_Abnormalities#Congenital_Diaphragmatic_Hernia|Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia]] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1359 GeneReviews] | |||
* '''congenital laryngeal webs''' - Laryngeal abnormality due to embryonic (week 10) incomplete recanalization of the laryngotracheal tube during the fetal period. Rare abnormality occuring mainly at the level of the vocal folds (glottis). | |||
* '''corticosteroid''' - An endocrine steroidal hormone produced by the [[A#adrenal cortex|adrenal cortex]]. Clinically, corticosteroids are also used for lung maturation of the premature neonate. | * '''corticosteroid''' - An endocrine steroidal hormone produced by the [[A#adrenal cortex|adrenal cortex]]. Clinically, corticosteroids are also used for lung maturation of the premature neonate. | ||
* '''cystic fibrosis''' - Inherited disease of the mucus and sweat glands, causes mucus to be thick and sticky. Clogging the lungs, causing breathing problems and encouraging bacterial grow. (Covered elsewhere in the course) | |||
* '''diaphragm''' - A general term for a membranous sheet, used to describe the respiratory diaphragm. The muscular sheet separating chest from abdomen with several different embryonic origins. Regular contraction of the diaphragm is required in respiration. The diaphragm forms initially at the lower end of the [[P#pleuroperitoneal canal|pleuroperitoneal canal]]. (Embryonic origins: [[T#transverse septum|transverse septum]] (septum transversum) - tendon of the diaphragm, 3rd to 5th [[S#somite|somite]] pairs - musculature of diaphragm, ventral pleural sac - connective tissue, mesentry of oesophagus - connective tissue around oesophasus and inferior vena cava, and pleuroperitoneal membranes - connective tissue around [[C#central tendon|central tendon]]) | * '''diaphragm''' - A general term for a membranous sheet, used to describe the respiratory diaphragm. The muscular sheet separating chest from abdomen with several different embryonic origins. Regular contraction of the diaphragm is required in respiration. The diaphragm forms initially at the lower end of the [[P#pleuroperitoneal canal|pleuroperitoneal canal]]. (Embryonic origins: [[T#transverse septum|transverse septum]] (septum transversum) - tendon of the diaphragm, 3rd to 5th [[S#somite|somite]] pairs - musculature of diaphragm, ventral pleural sac - connective tissue, mesentry of oesophagus - connective tissue around oesophasus and inferior vena cava, and pleuroperitoneal membranes - connective tissue around [[C#central tendon|central tendon]]) | ||
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* '''HIF-1''' - A transcription factor that is one of the main regulators of homeostasis in human tissues exposed to hypoxia, due to inflammation and/or insufficient circulation. | * '''HIF-1''' - A transcription factor that is one of the main regulators of homeostasis in human tissues exposed to hypoxia, due to inflammation and/or insufficient circulation. | ||
* '''hyaline membrane disease''' - (Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome) Abnormality due to a membrane-like substance from damaged pulmonary cells. | |||
* '''laryngeal cleft''' - (LC, laryngeal-tracheo-oesophageal cleft) A rare foregut abnormality allowing digestive tract and the airway to communicate causing chronic cough, aspiration and respiratory distress. The downward extension of the cleft determines the classification of the abnormality. | * '''laryngeal cleft''' - (LC, laryngeal-tracheo-oesophageal cleft) A rare foregut abnormality allowing digestive tract and the airway to communicate causing chronic cough, aspiration and respiratory distress. The downward extension of the cleft determines the classification of the abnormality. | ||
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* '''lipofibroblast''' - (lipid interstitial cell, pulmonary lipofibroblast) Cell involved in secondary septum formation during the alveolar stage of lung development (late fetal to postnatal). Cell is recognizable by a number of characteristic lipid droplets and contains cortical contractile filaments. | * '''lipofibroblast''' - (lipid interstitial cell, pulmonary lipofibroblast) Cell involved in secondary septum formation during the alveolar stage of lung development (late fetal to postnatal). Cell is recognizable by a number of characteristic lipid droplets and contains cortical contractile filaments. | ||
* '''lobar emphysema''' - (overinflated lung) Abnormality of an overinflated left upper lobe There is a collapsed lower lobe The left lung is herniating across the mediastinum. | |||
* '''lung bud''' - term describing the primordia of lung development in the [[L#respiratory embryonic stage|respiratory embryonic stage]]. Foregut [[E#endoderm|endoderm]] branches into the surrounding visceral mesoderm, forming the trachea, which branches again into the bronchi and this process is repeated over and over again through development. | * '''lung bud''' - term describing the primordia of lung development in the [[L#respiratory embryonic stage|respiratory embryonic stage]]. Foregut [[E#endoderm|endoderm]] branches into the surrounding visceral mesoderm, forming the trachea, which branches again into the bronchi and this process is repeated over and over again through development. | ||
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* '''trachea''' - (windpipe) In the embryo, a ventral out-pocket of pharynx endoderm that branches in week 4 [[Carnegie stage 13|stage 13]] into the right and left bronchi within the lung buds. The endoderm has associated mesoderm that later differentiates to form most structures outside the respiratory epithelium. In the adult, the trachea forms the functional connection between the pharynx and larynx to the lungs. | * '''trachea''' - (windpipe) In the embryo, a ventral out-pocket of pharynx endoderm that branches in week 4 [[Carnegie stage 13|stage 13]] into the right and left bronchi within the lung buds. The endoderm has associated mesoderm that later differentiates to form most structures outside the respiratory epithelium. In the adult, the trachea forms the functional connection between the pharynx and larynx to the lungs. | ||
* '''tracheoesophageal fistula''' - Abnormal connection between the trachea and oesophagus. | |||
* '''vagus''' - (Latin, ''vagus'' = wandering) cranial nerve X (CN X) A mixed nerve that leaves the head and neck to innervate respiratory tract (larynx, lungs), gastrointestinal tract (pharynx, esophagus, stomach), cardiac (heart) and abdominal viscera. This mixed nerve has sensory, motor and autonomic functions of viscera (glands, digestion, heart rate). | * '''vagus''' - (Latin, ''vagus'' = wandering) cranial nerve X (CN X) A mixed nerve that leaves the head and neck to innervate respiratory tract (larynx, lungs), gastrointestinal tract (pharynx, esophagus, stomach), cardiac (heart) and abdominal viscera. This mixed nerve has sensory, motor and autonomic functions of viscera (glands, digestion, heart rate). |
Revision as of 11:33, 30 August 2017
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