Template:Placenta terms: Difference between revisions
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* '''fibrinoid layer''' - (Nitabuch's layer) A layer formed at maternal/fetal interface during [[P#placenta|placentation]] and is thought to act to prevent excessively deep conceptus implantation. Fibrin-type fibrinoid (maternal blood-clot product) and matrix-type fibrinoid (secreted by invasive extravillous trophoblast cells). | * '''fibrinoid layer''' - (Nitabuch's layer) A layer formed at maternal/fetal interface during [[P#placenta|placentation]] and is thought to act to prevent excessively deep conceptus implantation. Fibrin-type fibrinoid (maternal blood-clot product) and matrix-type fibrinoid (secreted by invasive extravillous trophoblast cells). | ||
* '''floating chorionic villi''' - Term used to describe the placental microanatomy structure of [[C#chorionic villi|chorionic villi]] that '''are not''' attached to the maternal decidua and float in the maternal blood-filled space (lacunae). Structurally the same as [[A#anchoring chorionic villi|anchoring chorionic villi]] conceptus side that are attached to the maternal decidua.These villi go through the same stages of development: | * '''floating chorionic villi''' - Term used to describe the placental microanatomy structure of [[C#chorionic villi|chorionic villi]] that '''are not''' attached to the maternal decidua and float in the maternal blood-filled space (lacunae). Structurally the same as [[A#anchoring chorionic villi|anchoring chorionic villi]] conceptus side that are attached to the maternal decidua.These villi go through the same stages of development: {{primary villi}} - {{secondary villi}} - {{tertiary villi}} | ||
* '''hemotrophic nutrition''' - Term used to describe in late placenta development the transfer of blood-borne nutrition from maternal to embryo/fetuscompared to early histiotrophic nutrition. | * '''hemotrophic nutrition''' - Term used to describe in late placenta development the transfer of blood-borne nutrition from maternal to embryo/fetuscompared to early histiotrophic nutrition. | ||
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* '''polyhydramnios''' - Clinical term for the accumulation of excess amniotic fluid during pregnancy. See also oligohydramnios, a deficiency of amniotic fluid. | * '''polyhydramnios''' - Clinical term for the accumulation of excess amniotic fluid during pregnancy. See also oligohydramnios, a deficiency of amniotic fluid. | ||
* '''placenta''' - (Greek, ''plakuos'' = flat cake) The developmental organ formed from maternal and fetal contributions in animals with placental development. In human, the placenta at term is a discoid shape "flat cake" shape; 20 cm diameter, 3 cm thick and weighs 500-600 gm. Placenta are classified by the number of layers between maternal and fetal blood (Haemochorial, Endotheliochorial and Epitheliochorial) and shape (Discoid, Zonary, Cotyledenary and Diffuse). The placenta has many different functions including metabolism, transport and endocrine. | * '''{{placenta}}''' - (Greek, ''plakuos'' = flat cake) The developmental organ formed from maternal and fetal contributions in animals with placental development. In human, the placenta at term is a discoid shape "flat cake" shape; 20 cm diameter, 3 cm thick and weighs 500-600 gm. Placenta are classified by the number of layers between maternal and fetal blood (Haemochorial, Endotheliochorial and Epitheliochorial) and shape (Discoid, Zonary, Cotyledenary and Diffuse). The placenta has many different functions including metabolism, transport and endocrine. | ||
* '''placenta accreta''' - The abnormal placental adherence, either in whole or in part of the placenta with absence of decidua basalis, leading to retention as an after-birth to the underlying uterine wall. The incidence of placenta accreta also significantly increases in women with previous cesarean section compared to those without a prior surgical delivery. | * '''placenta accreta''' - The abnormal placental adherence, either in whole or in part of the placenta with absence of decidua basalis, leading to retention as an after-birth to the underlying uterine wall. The incidence of placenta accreta also significantly increases in women with previous cesarean section compared to those without a prior surgical delivery. | ||
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* '''placental diameter''' - is measured in the transverse section by calculating the maximum dimensions of the chorionic surface. | * '''placental diameter''' - is measured in the transverse section by calculating the maximum dimensions of the chorionic surface. | ||
* '''placental growth factor''' - ( | * '''placental growth factor''' - (PlGF) A growth factor of the vascular endothelial growth factor ({{VEGF}}) family, released from the placental trophoblast cells and other sources that stimulates blood vessel growth. | ||
* '''placental malaria''' - The malarial infection of the placenta by sequestration of the infected red blood cells. This condition can be common in regions where malaria is endemic with women carrying their first pregnancy ([[P#primigravida|primigravida]]). | * '''placental malaria''' - The malarial infection of the placenta by sequestration of the infected red blood cells. This condition can be common in regions where malaria is endemic with women carrying their first pregnancy ([[P#primigravida|primigravida]]). | ||
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* '''placentophagia''' - Term used to descrbe the maternal ingestion of afterbirth materials (placental membranes and amniotic fluid) that can occur following mammalian parturition (birth). | * '''placentophagia''' - Term used to descrbe the maternal ingestion of afterbirth materials (placental membranes and amniotic fluid) that can occur following mammalian parturition (birth). | ||
* '''primary villi''' - (primary chorionic villi) Term describing the earliest stage of embryonic placenta development. In humans, the conceptus during week 2 this first stage of [[C#chorion|chorionic]] villi development consists of only the [[T#trophoblast|trophoblastic shell cells]] ([[S#syncitiotrophoblast|syncitiotrophoblasts]] and [[C#cytotrophoblast|cytotrophoblasts]]) forming finger-like extensions into maternal decidua. Initially these finger-like projections cover the entire surface of chorionic sac and later become restricted to the placental surface. The villi stages are ongoing as the placenta continues to grow through both the embryonic and fetal development. | * '''{{primary villi}}''' - (primary chorionic villi) Term describing the earliest stage of embryonic placenta development. In humans, the conceptus during week 2 this first stage of [[C#chorion|chorionic]] villi development consists of only the [[T#trophoblast|trophoblastic shell cells]] ([[S#syncitiotrophoblast|syncitiotrophoblasts]] and [[C#cytotrophoblast|cytotrophoblasts]]) forming finger-like extensions into maternal decidua. Initially these finger-like projections cover the entire surface of chorionic sac and later become restricted to the placental surface. The villi stages are ongoing as the placenta continues to grow through both the embryonic and fetal development. | ||
* '''Placental villi stages:''' {{primary villi}} - {{secondary villi}} - {{tertiary villi}} | * '''Placental villi stages:''' {{primary villi}} - {{secondary villi}} - {{tertiary villi}} | ||
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* '''pre-eclampsia''' - During pregnancy a combination of high blood pressure, protein in urine and fluid retention resulting in maternal sudden excessive swelling of the face, hands and feet. Eclampsia is the subsequent development of convulsions, kidney failure, liver failure, clotting problems or mortality. | * '''pre-eclampsia''' - During pregnancy a combination of high blood pressure, protein in urine and fluid retention resulting in maternal sudden excessive swelling of the face, hands and feet. Eclampsia is the subsequent development of convulsions, kidney failure, liver failure, clotting problems or mortality. | ||
* '''{{secondary villi}}''' - (secondary chorionic villi) Term describing the second stage of embryonic placenta development. In humans, the conceptus during week 3 onward this stage of [[C#chorion|chorionic]] villi development consists of the [[T#trophoblast|trophoblastic shell cells]] (syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblasts) filled with extraembryonic mesoderm forming finger-like extensions into maternal decidua. Initially these finger-like projections cover the entire surface of chorionic sac and later become restricted to the placental surface. The villi stages are ongoing as the placenta continues to grow through both the embryonic and fetal development. '''Placental villi stages:''' | * '''{{secondary villi}}''' - (secondary chorionic villi) Term describing the second stage of embryonic placenta development. In humans, the conceptus during week 3 onward this stage of [[C#chorion|chorionic]] villi development consists of the [[T#trophoblast|trophoblastic shell cells]] (syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblasts) filled with extraembryonic mesoderm forming finger-like extensions into maternal decidua. Initially these finger-like projections cover the entire surface of chorionic sac and later become restricted to the placental surface. The villi stages are ongoing as the placenta continues to grow through both the embryonic and fetal development. '''Placental villi stages:''' {{primary villi}} - {{secondary villi}} - {{tertiary villi}} | ||
* '''syncytiotrophoblast''' - A multinucleated cell currently thought to form by the fusion of another trophoblast cell the | * '''{{syncytiotrophoblast}}''' - A multinucleated cell currently thought to form by the fusion of another trophoblast cell the {{cytotrophoblast}}s, within the trophoblast layer (shell) of the implanting [[C#conceptus|conceptus]]. In early development, these cells mediate implantation of the conceptus into the uterine wall and secrete the hormone ({{human Chorionic Gonadotrophin}}, {{hCG}}) responsible for feedback maintainance of the corpus luteum (in maternal [[O#ovary|ovary]]) and therefore maintaining early pregnancy. | ||
* '''tertiary | * '''{{tertiary villi}}''' - (tertiary chorionic villi) Term describing the final stage of embryonic placenta development. In humans, the conceptus after week 3 the [[C#chorion|chorionic]] [[S#secondary villi|secondary villi]] now develop placental blood vessels within the core [[E#extraembryonic mesoderm|extraembryonic mesoderm]]. The villi form finger-like extensions that are either [[A#anchoring chorionic villi|anchoring chorionic villi]] attached to the maternal decidua or [[F#floating chorionic villi|floating chorionic villi]] in maternal lacunae. The villi stages are ongoing as the placenta continues to grow through both the embryonic and fetal development. '''Placental villi stages:''' {{primary villi}} - {{secondary villi}} - {{tertiary villi}} | ||
* '''{{trophoblast}}''' - (trophectoderm, Greek, trophe = "nutrition" and blast = a primordial cell) cells that firstly support adplantation, implantation and endocrine support of pregnancy. Contribute to the extraembryonic tissues, fetal placenta and membranes. Initially form 2 populations individual cytotrophoblast cells and their fused multinucleate syncytiotrophoblast cells. | * '''{{trophoblast}}''' - (trophectoderm, Greek, trophe = "nutrition" and blast = a primordial cell) cells that firstly support adplantation, implantation and endocrine support of pregnancy. Contribute to the extraembryonic tissues, fetal placenta and membranes. Initially form 2 populations individual cytotrophoblast cells and their fused multinucleate syncytiotrophoblast cells. | ||
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* '''virus''' - small infectious agents that may cross the placental barrier. Can infect embryo and/or placenta and cause developmental abnormalities. (e.g. cytomegalovirus, rubella, measles). | * '''virus''' - small infectious agents that may cross the placental barrier. Can infect embryo and/or placenta and cause developmental abnormalities. (e.g. cytomegalovirus, rubella, measles). | ||
* '''Wharton's jelly''' - | * '''Wharton's jelly''' - {{Placental cord}} (umbilical cord) gelatinous connective tissue composed of myofibroblast-like stromal cells, collagen fibers, and proteoglycans. Increases in volume (myxomatous, connective tissue embedded in mucus) at parturition (birth) to assist closure of placental blood vessels. Matrix cells from Wharton's jelly have recently been identified as a potential source of [[M#mesenchymal stem cell|mesenchymal stem cells]] (MSC), also called mesenchymal stromal cell. This placental cord substance is named after Thomas Wharton (1614-1673) an English physician and anatomist who first described this placental tissue. | ||
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{{Terms lists}}<noinclude>[[Category:Placenta]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Glossary]][[Category:Template]]</noinclude> | {{Terms lists}}<noinclude>[[Category:Placenta]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Glossary]][[Category:Template]]</noinclude> |
Revision as of 11:56, 10 April 2019
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