Template:Placenta terms: Difference between revisions
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* '''histiotrophic nutrition''' - Term used to describe in early [[P#placenta|placenta]] development the intital transfer of nutrition from maternal to [[E#embryo|embryo]] (histiotrophic nutrition) compared to later blood-borne nutrition ([[H#hemotrophic_nutrition|hemotrophic nutrition]]). Histotroph is the nutritional material accumulated in spaces between the maternal and fetal tissues, derived from the maternal endometrium and the uterine glands. This nutritional material is absorbed by phagocytosis initially by blastocyst trophectoderm and then by [[T#trophoblast|trophoblast]] of the [[P#placenta|placenta]]. in later placental development nutrition is by the exchange of blood-borne materials between the maternal and fetal circulations, hemotrophic nutrition. | * '''histiotrophic nutrition''' - Term used to describe in early [[P#placenta|placenta]] development the intital transfer of nutrition from maternal to [[E#embryo|embryo]] (histiotrophic nutrition) compared to later blood-borne nutrition ([[H#hemotrophic_nutrition|hemotrophic nutrition]]). Histotroph is the nutritional material accumulated in spaces between the maternal and fetal tissues, derived from the maternal endometrium and the uterine glands. This nutritional material is absorbed by phagocytosis initially by blastocyst trophectoderm and then by [[T#trophoblast|trophoblast]] of the [[P#placenta|placenta]]. in later placental development nutrition is by the exchange of blood-borne materials between the maternal and fetal circulations, hemotrophic nutrition. | ||
* '''Hofbauer cells''' - Cells found within [[P#placenta|placental]] villi connective tissue. Have a role as macrophages of mesenchymal origin with potentially additional functions (remodeling, vasculogenesis, regulation of stromal water content). | * '''Hofbauer cells''' - Cells found within [[P#placenta|placental]] villi connective tissue. Have a role as macrophages of mesenchymal origin with potentially additional functions (remodeling, vasculogenesis, regulation of stromal water content). | ||
* '''Human chorionic corticotropin''' - (hCACTH) placental derived hormone equivilant to corticotropin (ACTH) from the pituitary. | |||
* '''Human chorionic gonadotrophin''' - (hCG) like leutenizing hormone, supports corpus luteum, originally secreted by trophoblast cells. | |||
* '''Human chorionic somatommotropin ''' - (hCS, placental lactogen) hormone level increases in maternal blood through pregnancy, decreases maternal insulin sensitivity (raising maternal blood glucose levels and decreasing maternal glucose utilization) aiding fetal nutrition. | |||
* '''hydatiform mole''' - A uterine tumour with "grape-like" [[P#placenta|placenta]] appearance without enclosed [[E#embryo|embryo]] formation, arises mainly from a haploid sperm fertilizing an egg without a female pronucleus. It is one form of [[G#gestational trophoblastic disease|gestational trophoblastic disease]] (GTD), a number of abnormalities including [[H#hydatiform mole|hydatiform mole]], invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). | * '''hydatiform mole''' - A uterine tumour with "grape-like" [[P#placenta|placenta]] appearance without enclosed [[E#embryo|embryo]] formation, arises mainly from a haploid sperm fertilizing an egg without a female pronucleus. It is one form of [[G#gestational trophoblastic disease|gestational trophoblastic disease]] (GTD), a number of abnormalities including [[H#hydatiform mole|hydatiform mole]], invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). | ||
* '''Langhans layer''' - cytotrophoblast cell layer. | * '''Langhans layer''' - cytotrophoblast cell layer. | ||
* '''maternal antibodies''' - antibodies from the mother's immune system that are capable of crossing placental barrier. They can provide immune protection to the embryo, but may also participate in immune disease (fetal erythroblastosis). | |||
* '''maternal sinusoids''' - placental spaces around chorionic villi that are filled with maternal blood. This is the closest maternal/fetal exchange site. | |||
* '''Nitabuch's layer''' - ([[F#fibrinoid layer|fibrinoid layer]]) The layer formed at maternal/fetal interface during [[P#placenta|placentation]] and is thought to act to prevent excessively deep conceptus [[I#implantation|implantation]]. Fibrin-type fibrinoid (maternal blood-clot product) and matrix-type fibrinoid (secreted by invasive extravillous [[T#trophoblast|trophoblast]] cells). | * '''Nitabuch's layer''' - ([[F#fibrinoid layer|fibrinoid layer]]) The layer formed at maternal/fetal interface during [[P#placenta|placentation]] and is thought to act to prevent excessively deep conceptus [[I#implantation|implantation]]. Fibrin-type fibrinoid (maternal blood-clot product) and matrix-type fibrinoid (secreted by invasive extravillous [[T#trophoblast|trophoblast]] cells). | ||
* '''persistent right umbilical vein''' - (PRUV) A placental cord abnormality associated with fetal abnormalities and poor neonatal prognosis. The estimated incidence of persistent right umbilical vein in a low-risk population is 1 : 526. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12047534 PMID: 12047534] | * '''persistent right umbilical vein''' - (PRUV) A placental cord abnormality associated with fetal abnormalities and poor neonatal prognosis. The estimated incidence of persistent right umbilical vein in a low-risk population is 1 : 526. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12047534 PMID: 12047534] | ||
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* '''placental malaria''' - The malarial infection of the [[P#placenta|placenta]] by sequestration of the infected red blood cells. This condition can be common in regions where malaria is endemic with women carrying their first pregnancy ([[P#primigravida|primigravida]]). | * '''placental malaria''' - The malarial infection of the [[P#placenta|placenta]] by sequestration of the infected red blood cells. This condition can be common in regions where malaria is endemic with women carrying their first pregnancy ([[P#primigravida|primigravida]]). | ||
* '''placental membranes''' - [[C#chorionic membrane|chorionic membrane]] [[A#amniotic membrane]]) General term to describe the membrane bound extra-embryonic fluid-filled cavities surrounding the embryo then fetus. In humans the [[A#amniotic membrane]] and [[C#chorionic membrane|chorionic membrane]] fuse. | * '''placental membranes''' - [[C#chorionic membrane|chorionic membrane]] [[A#amniotic membrane]]) General term to describe the membrane bound extra-embryonic fluid-filled cavities surrounding the embryo then fetus. In humans the [[A#amniotic membrane]] and [[C#chorionic membrane|chorionic membrane]] fuse. | ||
* '''placenta percreta''' - abnormal placentation where the villi penetrate myometrium. | |||
* '''placenta previa''' - placenta overlies internal os of uterus, abnormal bleeding, may require cesarian delivery. | |||
* '''placental thickness''' - is measured at its mid-portion from the chorionic plate to the basilar plate, on a longitudinal plane (less than 4 cm at term). Excludes any abnormalities (fibroids, myometrial contractions, or venous lakes). The placental thickness approximates in millimeters to the weeks of gestation. | * '''placental thickness''' - is measured at its mid-portion from the chorionic plate to the basilar plate, on a longitudinal plane (less than 4 cm at term). Excludes any abnormalities (fibroids, myometrial contractions, or venous lakes). The placental thickness approximates in millimeters to the weeks of gestation. | ||
* '''placental vein''' - ([[U#umbilical vein|umbilical vein]]) In placental animals, the blood vessels which develop within the placental cord carrying relatively oxygenated blood from the [[P#placenta|placenta]] to the [[E#embryo|embryo]]/[[F#fetus|fetus]]. In humans, there are initially two placental veins which fuse to form a single vein. The resence of paired veins in the placental cord can be indicative of developmental abnormalities. | * '''placental vein''' - ([[U#umbilical vein|umbilical vein]]) In placental animals, the blood vessels which develop within the placental cord carrying relatively oxygenated blood from the [[P#placenta|placenta]] to the [[E#embryo|embryo]]/[[F#fetus|fetus]]. In humans, there are initially two placental veins which fuse to form a single vein. The resence of paired veins in the placental cord can be indicative of developmental abnormalities. |
Revision as of 16:26, 22 August 2016
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