Template:Palate terms: Difference between revisions
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* '''epithelial mesenchymal transition''' - (EMT, epitheliomesenchymal transformation) conversion of an epithelium into a mesenchymal (connective tissue) cellular organization. | * '''epithelial mesenchymal transition''' - (EMT, epitheliomesenchymal transformation) conversion of an epithelium into a mesenchymal (connective tissue) cellular organization. | ||
* '''epitheliomesenchymal transformation''' - (epithelial mesenchymal transition) conversion of an epithelium into a mesenchymal (connective tissue) cellular organization. | * '''epitheliomesenchymal transformation''' - (epithelial mesenchymal transition) conversion of an epithelium into a mesenchymal (connective tissue) cellular organization. | ||
* '''levator veli palatini''' - Muscle forming part of the soft palate, elevates the soft palate for swallowing. | |||
* '''maxilla''' - (pl. maxillae) upper jaw bone forming from the maxillary process of the first pharyngeal arch. | * '''maxilla''' - (pl. maxillae) upper jaw bone forming from the maxillary process of the first pharyngeal arch. | ||
* '''medial edge epithelial''' - (MEE) opposing palatal shelves adhere to each other to form this epithelial seam. | * '''medial edge epithelial''' - (MEE) opposing palatal shelves adhere to each other to form this epithelial seam. | ||
* '''musculus uvulae''' Small muscle forming part of the soft palate lying within the uvula, shortens and broadens the uvula. | |||
* '''palate''' - The roof of the mouth (oral cavity) a structure which separates the oral from the nasal cavity. Develops as two lateral palatal shelves which grow and fuse in the midline. Initally a primary palate forms with fusion of the maxillary processes with the nasal processes in early face formation. Later the secondary palate forms the anterior [[H#hard_palate|hard palate]] which will ossify and separate the oral and nasal cavities. The posterior part of the palate is called the soft palate (velum, muscular palate) and contains no bone. Abnormalities of palatal shelf fusion can lead to [[C#cleft_palate|cleft palate]]. | * '''palate''' - The roof of the mouth (oral cavity) a structure which separates the oral from the nasal cavity. Develops as two lateral palatal shelves which grow and fuse in the midline. Initally a primary palate forms with fusion of the maxillary processes with the nasal processes in early face formation. Later the secondary palate forms the anterior [[H#hard_palate|hard palate]] which will ossify and separate the oral and nasal cavities. The posterior part of the palate is called the soft palate (velum, muscular palate) and contains no bone. Abnormalities of palatal shelf fusion can lead to [[C#cleft_palate|cleft palate]]. | ||
* '''palatine bones''' - Two bones that with the maxillae form the hard palate. | * '''palatine bones''' - Two bones that with the maxillae form the hard palate. | ||
* '''palatogenesis''' - The process of palate formation, divided into primary and secondary palate development. | * '''palatogenesis''' - The process of palate formation, divided into primary and secondary palate development. | ||
* '''palatoglossus''' - (glossopalatinus, palatoglossal muscle) Small muscle forming part of the soft palate required for swallowing. | |||
* '''palatopharyngeus''' - (palatopharyngeal or pharyngopalatinus) Small muscle forming part of the soft palate required for breathing. | |||
* '''pharyngeal arch''' - ([[B#branchial arch|branchial arch]], Greek, ''branchial'' = gill) These are a series of externally visible anterior tissue bands lying under the early brain that give rise to the structures of the head and neck. In humans, five arches form (1,2,3,4 and 6) but only four are externally visible on the [[E#embryo|embryo]]. Each arch has initially identical structures: an internal endodermal pouch, a mesenchymal ([[M#mesoderm|mesoderm]] and [[N#neural crest|neural crest]]) core, a membrane ([[E#endoderm|endoderm]] and [[E#ectoderm|ectoderm]]) and external cleft ([[E#ectoderm|ectoderm]]). Each arch mesenchymal core also contains similar components: blood vessel, nerve, muscular, cartilage. Each arch though initially formed from similar components will differentiate to form different head and neck structures. | * '''pharyngeal arch''' - ([[B#branchial arch|branchial arch]], Greek, ''branchial'' = gill) These are a series of externally visible anterior tissue bands lying under the early brain that give rise to the structures of the head and neck. In humans, five arches form (1,2,3,4 and 6) but only four are externally visible on the [[E#embryo|embryo]]. Each arch has initially identical structures: an internal endodermal pouch, a mesenchymal ([[M#mesoderm|mesoderm]] and [[N#neural crest|neural crest]]) core, a membrane ([[E#endoderm|endoderm]] and [[E#ectoderm|ectoderm]]) and external cleft ([[E#ectoderm|ectoderm]]). Each arch mesenchymal core also contains similar components: blood vessel, nerve, muscular, cartilage. Each arch though initially formed from similar components will differentiate to form different head and neck structures. | ||
* '''philtrum''' - ([[I#infranasal depression|infranasal depression]], Greek, ''philtron'' = "to love" or "to kiss") Anatomically the surface midline vertical groove in the upper lip. Embryonically formed by the fusion of the [[F#frontonasal prominence|frontonasal prominence]] (FNP) with the two [[M#maxillary process|maxillary processes]] of the first [[P#pharyngeal arch|pharyngeal arch]]. [[C#cleft palate|Cleft palate]] (primary palate) occurs if these three regions fail to fuse during development. [[F#fetal alcohol syndrome|Fetal alcohol syndrome]] is also indicated by flatness and extension of this upper lip region. | * '''philtrum''' - ([[I#infranasal depression|infranasal depression]], Greek, ''philtron'' = "to love" or "to kiss") Anatomically the surface midline vertical groove in the upper lip. Embryonically formed by the fusion of the [[F#frontonasal prominence|frontonasal prominence]] (FNP) with the two [[M#maxillary process|maxillary processes]] of the first [[P#pharyngeal arch|pharyngeal arch]]. [[C#cleft palate|Cleft palate]] (primary palate) occurs if these three regions fail to fuse during development. [[F#fetal alcohol syndrome|Fetal alcohol syndrome]] is also indicated by flatness and extension of this upper lip region. | ||
* '''soft palate''' - (velum, muscular palate) posterior part of the palate that becomes muscular. Forms 5 muscles: tensor veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, levator veli palatini, musculus uvulae. The anterior palate part is the hard palate. | * '''soft palate''' - (velum, muscular palate) posterior part of the palate that becomes muscular. Forms 5 muscles: tensor veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, levator veli palatini, musculus uvulae. The anterior palate part is the hard palate. | ||
* '''T-box 22''' - (TBX22) a transcription factor that cause X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia in humans. Tbx22 is induced by [[F#fibroblast growth factor|fibroblast growth factor 8]] (FGF8) in the early face while [[B#bone morphogenic protein|bone morphogenic protein 4]] (BMP4) represses and therefore restricts its expression. (More? [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/300307 OMIM - TBX22]) | * '''T-box 22''' - (TBX22) a transcription factor that cause X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia in humans. Tbx22 is induced by [[F#fibroblast growth factor|fibroblast growth factor 8]] (FGF8) in the early face while [[B#bone morphogenic protein|bone morphogenic protein 4]] (BMP4) represses and therefore restricts its expression. (More? [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/300307 OMIM - TBX22]) | ||
* '''tensor veli palatini''' - (tensor palati, tensor muscle of the velum palatinum) Small muscle forming part of the soft palate required for swallowing. | |||
* '''Transforming Growth Factor-beta''' - (TGFβ) factors induces both epithelial mesenchymal transition and/or apoptosis during palatal medial edge seam disintegration. | * '''Transforming Growth Factor-beta''' - (TGFβ) factors induces both epithelial mesenchymal transition and/or apoptosis during palatal medial edge seam disintegration. | ||
* '''uvula''' - (Latin = a little grape) a pendulous posterior end of soft palate used to produce guttural consonants. First named in 1695. | * '''uvula''' - (Latin = a little grape) a pendulous posterior end of soft palate used to produce guttural consonants. First named in 1695. |
Revision as of 10:05, 25 January 2017
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