Template:Integumentary terms: Difference between revisions
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* '''Langerhans cell''' - skin dendritic cell (antigen presenting cell) develops initially from fetal liver monocytes and yolk sac macrophages. May, depending on the immunological setting, elicit immunity or tolerance. Named after Paul Langerhans. | * '''Langerhans cell''' - skin dendritic cell (antigen presenting cell) develops initially from fetal liver monocytes and yolk sac macrophages. May, depending on the immunological setting, elicit immunity or tolerance. Named after Paul Langerhans. | ||
* '''keratinocyte''' - the main cell type forming the layers of the epidermis, derived from ectoderm. | * '''keratinocyte''' - the main cell type forming the layers of the epidermis, derived from ectoderm. | ||
* '''Meissner corpuscle''' - sensory structure acting as a rapidly-adapting mechanoreceptor mainly in the dermal papillae of (digital) skin. (More?[[Sensory - Touch Development|Touch]] | |||
* '''melanin''' - (Greek, ''melanos'' = black) The pigment produced by [[M#melanocyte|melanocytes]] that provides photoprotection, preventing cellular DNA damage, and colouring of the basal epithelial cells that absorb the pigment. | * '''melanin''' - (Greek, ''melanos'' = black) The pigment produced by [[M#melanocyte|melanocytes]] that provides photoprotection, preventing cellular DNA damage, and colouring of the basal epithelial cells that absorb the pigment. | ||
* '''melanodermia''' - hyperpigmentation causing abnormal darkening (brown/black) of the skin due to excess melanin or by metallic substances. See also the abnormality ceruloderma (blue/grey). (More? PMID 23522626) | * '''melanodermia''' - hyperpigmentation causing abnormal darkening (brown/black) of the skin due to excess melanin or by metallic substances. See also the abnormality ceruloderma (blue/grey). (More? PMID 23522626) | ||
*''' melanoblast''' - (Greek, ''melanos'' = black) The [[N#neural crest|neural crest]] precursor cell that differentiates to form [[M#melanocyte|melanocytes]] located in the skin and other tissues that produces [[M#melanin|melanin]]. (More? [[Neural Crest Development]] | [[Integumentary System Development]]) | *''' melanoblast''' - (Greek, ''melanos'' = black) The [[N#neural crest|neural crest]] precursor cell that differentiates to form [[M#melanocyte|melanocytes]] located in the skin and other tissues that produces [[M#melanin|melanin]]. (More? [[Neural Crest Development]] | [[Integumentary System Development]]) | ||
* '''melanocyte''' - (Greek, ''melanos'' = black) A pigmented cell, [[N#neural crest|neural crest]] in origin, differentiating from [[M#melanoblast|melanoblasts]] located in the skin and other tissues that produces [[M#melanin|melanin]]. The melanocytes within the integument (skin) transfer melanin to keratinocytes to give skin colour and to the hair follicle to give hair colour. Melanocytes are also located within "non-cutaneous" tissues in the eye (for eye colour), [[H#harderian gland|harderian gland]] and inner ear. This is the cell type that proliferates in the cancer melanoma. (More? [[Neural Crest Development]] | [[Integumentary System Development]]) | * '''melanocyte''' - (Greek, ''melanos'' = black) A pigmented cell, [[N#neural crest|neural crest]] in origin, differentiating from [[M#melanoblast|melanoblasts]] located in the skin and other tissues that produces [[M#melanin|melanin]]. The melanocytes within the integument (skin) transfer melanin to keratinocytes to give skin colour and to the hair follicle to give hair colour. Melanocytes are also located within "non-cutaneous" tissues in the eye (for eye colour), [[H#harderian gland|harderian gland]] and inner ear. This is the cell type that proliferates in the cancer melanoma. (More? [[Neural Crest Development]] | [[Integumentary System Development]]) | ||
* ''' | * '''Merkel cell''' - An epidermal-derived cell in touch-sensitive area of the epidermis and mediate mechanotransduction in the skin. Previously thought to be neural crest in origin, but recently shown to arise from the embryonic epithelium. The cells are named after Friedrich Sigmund Merkel, a German anatomist who was the first to describe them in 1875. (More? [[Sensory - Touch Development|Touch]] | [[Lecture - Integumentary Development]] | PMID 19786578 | PMID 3782861) | ||
* '''merocrine gland''' - (sweat gland, eccrine sweat) simple tubular glands located at the border between the dermis and hypodermis. These glands regulate the body temperature. (More? [[:File:Merocrine secretion animation.gif|image - merocrine secretion]]) | * '''merocrine gland''' - (sweat gland, eccrine sweat) simple tubular glands located at the border between the dermis and hypodermis. These glands regulate the body temperature. (More? [[:File:Merocrine secretion animation.gif|image - merocrine secretion]]) | ||
* '''nestin''' - (neuroectodermal stem cell marker) an intermediate filament protein (type VI) expressed in stem cells and transiently during development, and in cells within hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands. | * '''nestin''' - (neuroectodermal stem cell marker) an intermediate filament protein (type VI) expressed in stem cells and transiently during development, and in cells within hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands. | ||
* '''papillary layer''' - dermis sublayer that appears less dense and contains more cells lying close beneath the epidermis. | * '''papillary layer''' - dermis sublayer that appears less dense and contains more cells lying close beneath the epidermis. (More? [[:File:Adult skin histology 04.jpg|image]]) | ||
* '''pilosebaceous unit''' - term used to describe a hair and its associated structures: hair follicle, arrector pili muscle and sebaceous gland. | * '''pilosebaceous unit''' - term used to describe a hair and its associated structures: hair follicle, arrector pili muscle and sebaceous gland. | ||
* '''reticular layer''' - dermis sublayer that appears denser and contains fewer cells with thick collagen bundles lying parallel to the skin surface. | * '''reticular layer''' - dermis sublayer that appears denser and contains fewer cells with thick collagen bundles lying beneath the papillary layer parallel to the skin surface. (More? [[:File:Adult skin histology 04.jpg|image]]) | ||
* '''root sheath''' - cell layers that surround the hair. | * '''root sheath''' - cell layers that surround the hair. | ||
* '''sebaceous gland''' - holocrine gland associated with both the hair follicle and hairless parts of the skin (lips, cheek oral surface and external genitalia). Embedded in the dermis and are sites of infections (acne). | * '''sebaceous gland''' - holocrine gland associated with both the hair follicle and hairless parts of the skin (lips, cheek oral surface and external genitalia). Embedded in the dermis and are sites of infections (acne). |
Revision as of 13:54, 16 August 2017
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