Template:Endocrine terms: Difference between revisions
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! [[Endocrine Development|Endocrine Terms]] (expand to view) | ! [[Endocrine System Development|Endocrine Terms]] (expand to view) | ||
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* '''adrenocorticotropin''' - (ACTH or corticotropin) anterior {{pituitary}}, peptide hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroid hormones — primarily cortisol — as well as small amounts of female and male sex hormones. | * '''adrenocorticotropin''' - (ACTH or corticotropin) anterior {{pituitary}}, peptide hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroid hormones — primarily cortisol — as well as small amounts of female and male sex hormones. | ||
* '''androstenedione''' - hormone precursor of testosterone and other steroidal androgens. | |||
* '''antidiuretic hormone''' - (ADH) {{hypothalamus}}, peptide hormone {{renal}} | * '''antidiuretic hormone''' - (ADH) {{hypothalamus}}, peptide hormone {{renal}} | ||
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* '''basophil cell''' - {{pituitary}} named by histological staining (deep blue, purple) different types produce different hormones: corticotrophs (ACTH, CRH), gonadotrophs (FSH, LH, GnRH), and thyrotrophs (TSH, TRH). See acidophil and chromophore cells. | * '''basophil cell''' - {{pituitary}} named by histological staining (deep blue, purple) different types produce different hormones: corticotrophs (ACTH, CRH), gonadotrophs (FSH, LH, GnRH), and thyrotrophs (TSH, TRH). See acidophil and chromophore cells. | ||
* '''C cells''' - parafollicular cells of the {{thyroid}}. | |||
* '''calcitonin''' - (CT) C cells of thyroid, peptide hormone {{thyroid}} | * '''calcitonin''' - (CT) C cells of thyroid, peptide hormone {{thyroid}} | ||
* '''corpus luteum''' - ovarian endocrine organ from ovulating follicle, stimulated by hCG and supports early pregnancy by secreting progesterone, 17β-progesterone, estradiol and androstenedione. | |||
* '''corticosteroid binding globulin''' - (CBG) binds and transports glucocorticoids in the plasma. Globin is synthesised in the liver. {{adrenal}} | * '''corticosteroid binding globulin''' - (CBG) binds and transports glucocorticoids in the plasma. Globin is synthesised in the liver. {{adrenal}} | ||
* '''dihydrotestosterone''' - (DHT) steroidal hormone made locally by 5-alpha reductase conversion of testosterone into a more active form in genital effects. | * '''dihydrotestosterone''' - (DHT) steroidal hormone made locally by 5-alpha reductase conversion of testosterone into a more active form in genital effects. | ||
* '''dehydroepiandrosterone''' - (DHEA, androstenolone) adrenal cortex, gonads and brain make this steroid intermediate that may also have adult hormonal functions. | |||
* '''dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate''' - (DHEAS, DHEA-S) fetal adrenal cortex makes this inactive precursor of a steroid hormone. | |||
* '''dydrogesterone''' - clinical oral retrosteroid structurally related to progesterone, with a greater bioavailability and selectivity for the progesterone receptor. | |||
* '''estrogen''' (oestrogen) family of female steroidal hormones - estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and estetrol (E4) synthesised from testosterone and androstenedione, by aromatase. Also produced in male testis, and required for genital development ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29438493 PMID 29438493]) | |||
* '''estrone (E1)''' - steroid hormone with weak estrogenic activity. | |||
* '''estradiol (E2)''' - (oestradiol) estrogen steroid hormone with main estrogenic female activity. | |||
* '''estriol (E3)''' - (oestriol) steroid hormone with weak estrogenic activity. | |||
* '''estetrol (E4)''' (oestetrol) steroid hormone with weak estrogenic activity produced only during pregnancy. | |||
* '''follicle stimulating hormone''' - (FSH) {{pituitary}} glycoprotein hormone secreted by gonadotrophs (basophilic cell subgroup) acts on gametogenesis and other systems in both males and females. Females, acts on the {{ovary}} to stimulate follicle development. Negative feedback by inhibin from the developing follicle decreases FSH secretion. Males, acts on the {{testis}} Sertoli cells to increase androgen-binding protein (ABP) that binds androgens and has a role in spermatogenesis. | * '''follicle stimulating hormone''' - (FSH) {{pituitary}} glycoprotein hormone secreted by gonadotrophs (basophilic cell subgroup) acts on gametogenesis and other systems in both males and females. Females, acts on the {{ovary}} to stimulate follicle development. Negative feedback by inhibin from the developing follicle decreases FSH secretion. Males, acts on the {{testis}} Sertoli cells to increase androgen-binding protein (ABP) that binds androgens and has a role in spermatogenesis. | ||
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* '''human chorionic gonadotropin''' - ({{hCG}}) glycoprotein hormone with 2 subunits (alpha and beta joined non covalently). Similar in structure to luteinizing hormone (LH), hCG exists in multiple hormonal and non-endocrine agents (regular hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG and the free beta-subunit of hyperglycosylated hCG). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19171054 PMID 19171054] | * '''human chorionic gonadotropin''' - ({{hCG}}) glycoprotein hormone with 2 subunits (alpha and beta joined non covalently). Similar in structure to luteinizing hormone (LH), hCG exists in multiple hormonal and non-endocrine agents (regular hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG and the free beta-subunit of hyperglycosylated hCG). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19171054 PMID 19171054] | ||
* ''' | * '''human chorionic somatommotropin''' - (hCS, CSH, placental lactogen) Placental hormone is structurally similar to both growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL} and binds strongly to PRL receptors but weakly to GH receptors. Role in stimulating maternal {{mammary gland}} development. {{endocrine placenta}} | ||
* '''Leydig cell''' - (interstitial cell) Male testis cell secrete the androgen testosterone, beginning in the fetus. These cells are named after Franz von Leydig (1821 - 1908) a German scientist who histologically described these cells. | * '''interstitial cell''' - (Leydig cell) Male {{testis}} cell secrete the androgen testosterone, required for fetal male genital tract differentiation and masculinisation after puberty. | ||
* '''Leydig cell''' - (interstitial cell) Male {{testis}} cell secrete the androgen testosterone, beginning in the fetus. These cells are named after Franz von Leydig (1821 - 1908) a German scientist who histologically described these cells. | |||
* '''lutenizing hormone''' - (LH, gonadotropin, lutropin, Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone, ICSH) {{pituitary}}, glycoprotein hormone acts on the gonad and has a role in male and female reproduction. Female, increase in concentration during the {{menstrual cycle}} triggers ovulation. Male, stimulates testis interstital cell production of testosterone. Gonadotrophins have been used clinically in humans for the treatment of female infertility. | * '''lutenizing hormone''' - (LH, gonadotropin, lutropin, Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone, ICSH) {{pituitary}}, glycoprotein hormone acts on the gonad and has a role in male and female reproduction. Female, increase in concentration during the {{menstrual cycle}} triggers ovulation. Male, stimulates testis interstital cell production of testosterone. Gonadotrophins have been used clinically in humans for the treatment of female infertility. | ||
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* '''melaocyte stimulating hormone''' - (MSH) pituitary, peptide hormone {{pituitary}} | * '''melaocyte stimulating hormone''' - (MSH) pituitary, peptide hormone {{pituitary}} | ||
* '''melatonin''' - {{pineal}} hormone involved with the diurnal cycle, melatoinin levels are high in dark, low in daylight. | * '''melatonin''' - (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) {{pineal}} amino acid amino (precursor tryptophan) hormone involved with the diurnal cycle, melatoinin levels are high in dark, low in daylight. Also acts as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and anti-inflammatory molecule. | ||
* '''prolactin''' - (PRL) pituitary, peptide hormone {{pituitary}} | * '''prolactin''' - (PRL) pituitary, peptide hormone {{pituitary}} | ||
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* '''thyroid diverticulum''' - the primordium of the {{thyroid}} gland, beginning as an median endodermal thickening in the floor of pharynx between the pharyngeal pouch 1 and 2. | * '''thyroid diverticulum''' - the primordium of the {{thyroid}} gland, beginning as an median endodermal thickening in the floor of pharynx between the pharyngeal pouch 1 and 2. | ||
* '''thyroid hormone''' - (TH) thyroid | * '''thyroid hormone''' - (TH) {{thyroid}} amino acid derivative with two main forms (T3, T4) regulates tissue metabolic activity. | ||
* '''thyroid stimulating hormone''' - (TSH) {{pituitary}} protein hormone | |||
* ''' | * '''ultimobranchial body''' - historic term for the embryonic structure that forms the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the {{thyroid}}. | ||
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{{Terms lists}}<noinclude>[[Category:Endocrine]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Glossary]][[Category:Template]]</noinclude> | {{Terms lists}}<noinclude>[[Category:Endocrine]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Glossary]][[Category:Template]]</noinclude> |
Latest revision as of 11:12, 22 May 2018
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