Template:Cell Division terms: Difference between revisions
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* '''anaphase B''' - Mitosis term referring to the part of anaphase during which the poles of the mitotic spindle move apart. | * '''anaphase B''' - Mitosis term referring to the part of anaphase during which the poles of the mitotic spindle move apart. | ||
* '''aneuploidy''' - (aneuploid) term used to describe an abnormal number of chromosomes mainly (90%) due to chromosome malsegregation mechanisms in maternal meiosis I. | |||
* '''aster''' - (Latin, ''aster'' = star) star-like object visible in most dividing eukaryotic cells contains the microtubule organizing center. | * '''aster''' - (Latin, ''aster'' = star) star-like object visible in most dividing eukaryotic cells contains the microtubule organizing center. | ||
* '''astral microtubule''' - spindle apparatus microtubule (MT) originating from the centrosome which does not connect to a kinetochore. These microtubules only exist during mitosis, the other spindle types are polar and kinetochore microtubules. | * '''astral microtubule''' - spindle apparatus microtubule (MT) originating from the centrosome which does not connect to a kinetochore. These microtubules only exist during mitosis, the other spindle types are polar and kinetochore microtubules. | ||
* '''autosomal inheritance''' - term used in hereditary diseases which means that the disease is due to a DNA error in one of the 22 chromosome pairs that are not sex chromosomes. Both boys and girls can then inherit this error. If the error is in a sex chromosome, the inheritance is said to be sex-linked. | |||
* '''bivalent''' - (tetrad) a pair of homologous chromosomes physically held together by at least one DNA crossover. | * '''bivalent''' - (tetrad) a pair of homologous chromosomes physically held together by at least one DNA crossover. | ||
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* '''bouquet stage''' - meiosis term for when in prophase transition to the zygotene stage, the chromosome telomeres attachment to the inner nuclear envelope and form a cluster. This occurs before the onset of homologous pairing and synapsis. The name comes from the chromosomes resembling a "bouquet of flowers". | * '''bouquet stage''' - meiosis term for when in prophase transition to the zygotene stage, the chromosome telomeres attachment to the inner nuclear envelope and form a cluster. This occurs before the onset of homologous pairing and synapsis. The name comes from the chromosomes resembling a "bouquet of flowers". | ||
* '''diploid''' - (Greek, ''di'' = double + ''ploion'' = vessel) having two sets of chromosomes, the normal state for all cells other than | * '''diploid''' - (Greek, ''di'' = double + ''ploion'' = vessel) having two sets of chromosomes (2n), this is the normal euploidy state for all human cells, other than gametes that are haploid (n, a single set of chromosomes). | ||
* '''diplotene stage'''- (diplotene phase, diplonema; Greek, ''diplonema'' = "two threads") meiotic stage seen during prophase I, the chromosomes separate from one another a small amount giving this appearance. In the developing human ovary, oocytes remain at the diplotene stage from fetal life through postnatal childhood, until puberty when the lutenizing hormone (LH) surges stimulate the resumption of meiosis. Prophase I, is divided into 5 stages (leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis) based upon changes associated with the synaptonemal complex structure that forms between two pairs of homologous chromosomes. | * '''diplotene stage'''- (diplotene phase, diplonema; Greek, ''diplonema'' = "two threads") meiotic stage seen during prophase I, the chromosomes separate from one another a small amount giving this appearance. In the developing human ovary, oocytes remain at the diplotene stage from fetal life through postnatal childhood, until puberty when the lutenizing hormone (LH) surges stimulate the resumption of meiosis. Prophase I, is divided into 5 stages (leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis) based upon changes associated with the synaptonemal complex structure that forms between two pairs of homologous chromosomes. | ||
* '''euploidy''' - the normal genome chromosomal set (n, 2n, 3n) or complement for a species, in humans this is diploid (2n). The other classes of numerical chromosomal abnormalities include aneuploidy, polyploidy and mixoploidy. | |||
* '''FUCCI''' - Acronym for '''F'''luorescence '''U'''biquitination '''C'''ell Cycle '''I'''ndicator a molecular tool for identifying the stage in the cell cycle. In G0/G1 cells express a red fluorescent protein and S/G2/M cells express a green fluorescent protein. (More? [[Mouse Tooth Development Movie|Tooth Development Movie]]) | * '''FUCCI''' - Acronym for '''F'''luorescence '''U'''biquitination '''C'''ell Cycle '''I'''ndicator a molecular tool for identifying the stage in the cell cycle. In G0/G1 cells express a red fluorescent protein and S/G2/M cells express a green fluorescent protein. (More? [[Mouse Tooth Development Movie|Tooth Development Movie]]) | ||
* '''haploid''' - (Greek, haploos = single) Having a single set of chromosomes as in mature germ/sex cells (oocyte, spermatozoa) following reductive cell division by meiosis. Normally cells are diploid, containing 2 sets of chromosomes. Ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. | * '''haploid''' - (Greek, haploos = single) Having a single set of chromosomes (n) as in mature germ/sex cells ({{oocyte}}, {{spermatozoa}}) following reductive cell division by {{meiosis}}. Normally cells are diploid, containing 2 sets of chromosomes. Ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. | ||
* '''homologous chromosomes''' - meiosis term for the two matching (maternal and one paternal) chromosomes that align during meiosis I. | * '''homologous chromosomes''' - meiosis term for the two matching (maternal and one paternal) chromosomes that align during meiosis I. |
Revision as of 11:54, 7 May 2018
Cell Division Terms | ||
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Meiosis | Mitosis
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