Template:Cell Division terms: Difference between revisions
From Embryology
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
* '''astral microtubule''' - spindle apparatus microtubule (MT) originating from the centrosome which does not connect to a kinetochore. These microtubules only exist during mitosis, the other spindle types are polar and kinetochore microtubules. | * '''astral microtubule''' - spindle apparatus microtubule (MT) originating from the centrosome which does not connect to a kinetochore. These microtubules only exist during mitosis, the other spindle types are polar and kinetochore microtubules. | ||
* '''bivalent''' - (tetrad) a pair of homologous chromosomes physically held together by at least one DNA crossover. | |||
* '''bouquet stage''' - meiosis term for when in prophase transition to the zygotene stage, the chromosome telomeres attachment to the inner nuclear envelope and form a cluster. This occurs before the onset of homologous pairing and synapsis. The name comes from the chromosomes resembling a "bouquet of flowers". | * '''bouquet stage''' - meiosis term for when in prophase transition to the zygotene stage, the chromosome telomeres attachment to the inner nuclear envelope and form a cluster. This occurs before the onset of homologous pairing and synapsis. The name comes from the chromosomes resembling a "bouquet of flowers". | ||
Line 25: | Line 27: | ||
* '''homologous chromosomes''' - meiosis term for the two matching (maternal and one paternal) chromosomes that align during meiosis I. | * '''homologous chromosomes''' - meiosis term for the two matching (maternal and one paternal) chromosomes that align during meiosis I. | ||
* '''homologous recombination''' - meiosis term when DNA of homologous chromosomes is covalently exchanged to produce chromosomes with new allele combinations, and also links homologous chromosomes with each other to form a bivalent | |||
* '''human genome''' - DNA within the 23 nucleus chromosome pairs and the cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA. | |||
* '''kinetochore''' - the protein structure formed on chromatids where the spindle kinetochore microtubules attach during cell division. | * '''kinetochore''' - the protein structure formed on chromatids where the spindle kinetochore microtubules attach during cell division. | ||
Line 49: | Line 55: | ||
* '''microtubule''' - (MT) cytoskeleton filament normally required for cytoplasmic intracellular transport and motility. Named by the tubulin monomers assembling into "tubes", and are the largest in cross-section of the three filament systems (microfilaments and intermediate filaments). This system is disassembled and reassembled as the spindle apparatus during cell division. | * '''microtubule''' - (MT) cytoskeleton filament normally required for cytoplasmic intracellular transport and motility. Named by the tubulin monomers assembling into "tubes", and are the largest in cross-section of the three filament systems (microfilaments and intermediate filaments). This system is disassembled and reassembled as the spindle apparatus during cell division. | ||
* '''mitochondrial DNA''' - (mtDNA) multiple copies of a small circular DNA molecule located within the mitochondria matrix. In humans 16,568 bp in length containing 37 genes, originally inherited only from the oocyte (maternal inheritance). | |||
* '''mitosis''' - (M phase) The normal division of all cells, except germ cells, where chromosome number is maintained (diploid). In germ cell division (oocyte, spermatozoa) [[M#meiosis|meiosis]] is a modified form of this division resulting in reduction in genetic content (haploid). Mitosis, division of the nucleus, is followed by [[C#cytokinesis|cytokinesis]] the division of the cell cytoplasm and the cytoplasmic contents. [[C#cytokinesis|cytokinesis]] overlaps with [[T#telophase|telophase]]. | * '''mitosis''' - (M phase) The normal division of all cells, except germ cells, where chromosome number is maintained (diploid). In germ cell division (oocyte, spermatozoa) [[M#meiosis|meiosis]] is a modified form of this division resulting in reduction in genetic content (haploid). Mitosis, division of the nucleus, is followed by [[C#cytokinesis|cytokinesis]] the division of the cell cytoplasm and the cytoplasmic contents. [[C#cytokinesis|cytokinesis]] overlaps with [[T#telophase|telophase]]. | ||
Line 80: | Line 88: | ||
* '''telomerase''' - the enzyme that maintains the chromosome end length, the telomeres, involved in cellular ageing and the capacity for division. Absence of telomerase activity leads to the chromosome ends shorten during each cell division, becoming critically short and cell senescence then occurs. | * '''telomerase''' - the enzyme that maintains the chromosome end length, the telomeres, involved in cellular ageing and the capacity for division. Absence of telomerase activity leads to the chromosome ends shorten during each cell division, becoming critically short and cell senescence then occurs. | ||
* '''tetrad''' - (bivalent) a pair of homologous chromosomes physically held together by at least one DNA crossover. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
{{Terms lists}} | {{Terms lists}} | ||
|}<noinclude>[[Category:Mitosis]][[Category:Meiosis]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Glossary]][[Category:Template]]</noinclude> | |}<noinclude>[[Category:Mitosis]][[Category:Meiosis]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Glossary]][[Category:Template]]</noinclude> |
Revision as of 11:32, 7 May 2018
Cell Division Terms | ||
---|---|---|
Meiosis | Mitosis
| ||
|