Template:Cell Division terms: Difference between revisions
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[[Cell Division - Meiosis|Meiosis]] | [[Cell Division - Mitosis|Mitosis]] | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
! Cell Division Terms | |||
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| [[Cell Division - Meiosis|Meiosis]] | [[Cell Division - Mitosis|Mitosis]] | |||
* '''anaphase''' - (Greek, ana = up, again) Mitosis term referring to the fourth stage, where the paired chromatids now separate and migrate to spindle poles. This is followed by telophase. | * '''anaphase''' - (Greek, ana = up, again) Mitosis term referring to the fourth stage, where the paired chromatids now separate and migrate to spindle poles. This is followed by telophase. | ||
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* '''astral microtubule''' - spindle apparatus microtubule (MT) originating from the centrosome which does not connect to a kinetochore. These microtubules only exist during mitosis, the other spindle types are polar and kinetochore microtubules. | * '''astral microtubule''' - spindle apparatus microtubule (MT) originating from the centrosome which does not connect to a kinetochore. These microtubules only exist during mitosis, the other spindle types are polar and kinetochore microtubules. | ||
* '''diploid''' - (Greek, di = double + ploion = vessel) having two sets of chromosomes, the normal state for all cells other than the animal gametes that are haploid (a single set of chromosomes). | |||
* '''haploid''' - (Greek, haploos = single) Having a single set of chromosomes as in mature germ/sex cells (oocyte, spermatozoa) following reductive cell division by meiosis. Normally cells are diploid, containing 2 sets of chromosomes. Ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. | |||
* '''homologous chromosomes''' - meiosis term for the two matching (maternal and one paternal) chromosomes that align during meiosis I. | * '''homologous chromosomes''' - meiosis term for the two matching (maternal and one paternal) chromosomes that align during meiosis I. | ||
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* '''kinesin''' - a microtubule (MT) motor protein that exists in many isoforms and most move towards the MT positive end. Different isoforms have different functions within the spindle apparatus. PMID 20109570 | * '''kinesin''' - a microtubule (MT) motor protein that exists in many isoforms and most move towards the MT positive end. Different isoforms have different functions within the spindle apparatus. PMID 20109570 | ||
* '''meiosis''' - | * '''meiosis''' - reductive cell division required to produce germ cells ([[Oocyte Development|oocyte]], [[Spermatozoa Development|spermatozoa]]) and for sexual reproduction. note that only spermatozoa complete meiosis before fertilisation. Chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid, during this process maternal and paternal genetic material are exchanged. All other non-germ cells in the body divide by [[M#mitosis|mitosis]]. (More? [[Cell Division - Meiosis|Meiosis]] | [[Spermatozoa Development]] | [[Oocyte Development]] | [[Week 1]]) | ||
* '''meiosis I''' - (MI) the first part of meiosis resulting in separation of [[H#homologous chromosomes|homologous chromosomes]], in humans producing two haploid cells (N chromosomes, 23), a reductional division. | * '''meiosis I''' - (MI) the first part of meiosis resulting in separation of [[H#homologous chromosomes|homologous chromosomes]], in humans producing two haploid cells (N chromosomes, 23), a reductional division. | ||
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* '''telomerase''' - the enzyme that maintains the chromosome end length, the telomeres, involved in cellular ageing and the capacity for division. Absence of telomerase activity leads to the chromosome ends shorten during each cell division, becoming critically short and cell senescence then occurs. | * '''telomerase''' - the enzyme that maintains the chromosome end length, the telomeres, involved in cellular ageing and the capacity for division. Absence of telomerase activity leads to the chromosome ends shorten during each cell division, becoming critically short and cell senescence then occurs. | ||
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Revision as of 17:23, 17 March 2017
Cell Division Terms | ||
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Meiosis | Mitosis
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