Talk:Timeline human development: Difference between revisions

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! Zygote 
! Zygote 
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| Blastomeres
| <center>Blastomeres</center>
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| Morula
| <center>Morula</center>
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|  
|  
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
<center>{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! colspan=2|Blastocyst&nbsp;
! colspan=2|Blastocyst&nbsp;
|-
|-
| Trophoblast
| Trophoblast
| Embryoblast
| Embryoblast
|}
|}</center>
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Revision as of 20:49, 10 September 2015

Collapsible Tables

Zygote 
Blastomeres
Morula
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
Blastocyst 
Trophoblast Embryoblast

|}

Developmental Map

  1. Gametes Meiosis
    1. Spermatozoa
    2. Oocyte Menstrual Cycle
      1. Zona pellucida
      2. Granulosa cell
  2. Zygote Fertilization Mitosis
  3. Morula Mitosis
  4. Blastocyst
    1. Trophoblast
      1. Syncitotrophoblast
      2. Cytotrophoblast
      3. Extravillous Cytotrophoblasts
    2. Embryoblast
      1. Epiblast Gastrulation
        1. Ectoderm
          1. Neural Plate (Central Nervous System)
            1. Brain
            2. Spinal Cord
          2. Neural Crest
            1. Sensory Ganglia (Dorsal Root Ganglia)
            2. Sympathetic Ganglia
          3. Placodes
          4. Surface Ectoderm (Epidermis)
        2. Mesoderm
          1. Axial Mesoderm (Notochord)
          2. Paraxial Mesoderm
            1. Unsegmented Paraxial Mesoderm
            2. Segmented Paraxial Mesoderm (Somites)
              1. Dermamyotome
                1. Dermatome
                2. Myotome
                  1. Epaxial
                  2. Hypaxial
                    1. Trunk Muscles
                    2. Limb Muscles
              2. Sclerotome
                1. Vertebra
                2. Intervertebral Disc
          3. Intermediate Mesoderm
            1. Renal
            2. Genital
          4. Lateral Plate Mesoderm
            1. Somatic Mesoderm
            2. Intraembryonic Coelom
            3. Splanchnic Mesoderm
        3. Endoderm
        4. Germ Cells
      2. Hypoblast

Links are to the original UNSW Embryology webpages: Timeline Human Development (simple) | Timeline Human Development (detailed)

From a cell Early zygote.jpg
to a newborn infantNewborn.jpg
in 9 months

Neural Crest

Links: Neural Crest Development

The development of the neural crest in the human

J Anat. 2007 Sep;211(3):335-51.

O'Rahilly R, Müller F.

School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.

Abstract

The first systematic account of the neural crest in the human has been prepared after an investigation of 185 serially sectioned staged embryos, aided by graphic reconstructions. As many as fourteen named topographical subdivisions of the crest were identified and eight of them give origin to ganglia (Table 2). Significant findings in the human include the following.

(1) An indication of mesencephalic neural crest is discernible already at stage 9, and trigeminal, facial, and postotic components can be detected at stage 10.

(2) Crest was not observed at the level of diencephalon 2. Although pre-otic crest from the neural folds is at first continuous (stage 10), crest-free zones are soon observable (stage 11) in Rh.1, 3, and 5.

(3) Emigration of cranial neural crest from the neural folds at the neurosomatic junction begins before closure of the rostral neuropore, and later crest cells do not accumulate above the neural tube.

(4) The trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagal ganglia, which develop from crest that emigrates before the neural folds have fused, continue to receive contributions from the roof plate of the neural tube after fusion of the folds.

(5) The nasal crest and the terminalis-vomeronasal complex are the last components of the cranial crest to appear (at stage 13) and they persist longer.

(6) The optic, mesencephalic, isthmic, accessory, and hypoglossal crest do not form ganglia. Cervical ganglion 1 is separated early from the neural crest and is not a Froriep ganglion.

(7) The cranial ganglia derived from neural crest show a specific relationship to individual neuromeres, and rhombomeres are better landmarks than the otic primordium, which descends during stages 9-14.

(8) Epipharyngeal placodes of the pharyngeal arches contribute to cranial ganglia, although that of arch 1 is not typical.

(9) The neural crest from rhombomeres 6 and 7 that migrates to pharyngeal arch 3 and from there rostrad to the truncus arteriosus at stage 12 is identified here, for the first time in the human, as the cardiac crest.

(10) The hypoglossal crest provides cells that accompany those of myotomes 1-4 and form the hypoglossal cell cord at stages 13 and 14.

(11) The occipital crest, which is related to somites 1-4 in the human, differs from the spinal mainly in that it does not develop ganglia.

(12) The occipital and spinal portions of the crest migrate dorsoventrad and appear to traverse the sclerotomes before the differentiation into loose and dense zones in the latter.

(13) Embryonic examples of synophthalmia and anencephaly are cited to emphasize the role of the neural crest in the development of cranial ganglia and the skull.

PMID 17848161

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2375817

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00773.x/abstract