Talk:Notochord
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 18) Embryology Notochord. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Notochord |
10 Most Recent Papers
Note - This sub-heading shows an automated computer PubMed search using the listed sub-heading term. References appear in this list based upon the date of the actual page viewing. Therefore the list of references do not reflect any editorial selection of material based on content or relevance. In comparison, references listed on the content page and discussion page (under the publication year sub-headings) do include editorial selection based upon relevance and availability. (More? Pubmed Most Recent)
Notochord Development
<pubmed limit=5>Notochord Development</pubmed>
2013
Zinc finger protein 219-like (ZNF219L) and Sox9a regulate synuclein-γ2 (sncgb) expression in the developing notochord of zebrafish
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013 Dec 13;442(3-4):189-94. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.042. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
Lien HW, Yang CH, Cheng CH, Liao YF, Han YS, Huang CJ. Source Institute of Fisheries Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
Abstract Zebrafish synuclein-γ2 (sncgb) has been reported to be expressed specifically in the notochord. However, the mechanism by which the sncgb gene promoter is regulated has not been described. In this paper, we demonstrate that Zinc finger protein 219-like (ZNF219L) and sox9a are involved in the regulation of sncgb gene expression. Furthermore, we observed that over-expression of both ZNF219L and Sox9a resulted in increased sncgb expression. In addition, ZNF219L is physically associated with Sox9a, and simultaneous morpholino knockdown of znf219L and sox9a caused a synergistic decrease of sncgb expression in the notochord. Taken together, our results reveal that coordination of ZNF219L with Sox9a is involved in the regulation of notochord-specific expression of sncgb. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KEYWORDS: Notochord, Sox9a, Synuclein-γ2 (sncgb), ZNF219-like (ZNF219L), Zebrafish
PMID 24269816
Foxa1 and foxa2 are required for formation of the intervertebral discs
PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55528. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055528. Epub 2013 Jan 31.
Maier JA, Lo Y, Harfe BD. Source Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is composed of 3 main structures, the collagenous annulus fibrosus (AF), which surrounds the gel-like nucleus pulposus (NP), and hyaline cartilage endplates, which are attached to the vertebral bodies. An IVD is located between each vertebral body. Degeneration of the IVD is thought to be a major cause of back pain, a potentially chronic condition for which there exist few effective treatments. The NP forms from the embryonic notochord. Foxa1 and Foxa2, transcription factors in the forkhead box family, are expressed early during notochord development. However, embryonic lethality and the absence of the notochord in Foxa2 null mice have precluded the study of potential roles these genes may play during IVD formation. Using a conditional Foxa2 allele in conjunction with a tamoxifen-inducible Cre allele (ShhcreER(T2)), we removed Foxa2 from the notochord of E7.5 mice null for Foxa1. Foxa1(-/-);Foxa2(c/c);ShhcreER(T2) double mutant animals had a severely deformed nucleus pulposus, an increase in cell death in the tail, decreased hedgehog signaling, defects in the notochord sheath, and aberrant dorsal-ventral patterning of the neural tube. Embryos lacking only Foxa1 or Foxa2 from the notochord were indistinguishable from control animals, demonstrating a functional redundancy for these genes in IVD formation. In addition, we provide in vivo genetic evidence that Foxa genes are required for activation of Shh in the notochord.
PMID 23383217
J Cell Biol. 2013 Mar 4;200(5):667-79. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201212095.
Ellis K, Bagwell J, Bagnat M. Author information
Abstract
The notochord plays critical structural and signaling roles during vertebrate development. At the center of the vertebrate notochord is a large fluid-filled organelle, the notochord vacuole. Although these highly conserved intracellular structures have been described for decades, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in their biogenesis and maintenance. Here we show that zebrafish notochord vacuoles are specialized lysosome-related organelles whose formation and maintenance requires late endosomal trafficking regulated by the vacuole-specific Rab32a and H(+)-ATPase-dependent acidification. We establish that notochord vacuoles are required for body axis elongation during embryonic development and identify a novel role in spine morphogenesis. Thus, the vertebrate notochord plays important structural roles beyond early development.
PMID 23460678
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/200/5/667.long
2012
2011
Ecchordosis physaliphora - a case report and a review of notochord-derived lesions
Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2011 Mar-Apr;45(2):169-73.
Adamek D, Malec M, Grabska N, Krygowska-Wajs A, Gałązka K. Source Department of Pathology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow.
Abstract
Some notochord cells remain along the axis of the vertebral column after embryogenesis. These 'notochordal remnants' have some similarities, but their biological behaviour varies considerably. They can give rise to benign lesions such as ecchordosis physaliphora (EP) and 'benign notochordal cell tumour' (BNCT), or aggressive ones like chordoma. We review the problems of the differential diagnosis of notochordal remnants apropos of a case of the incidental autopsy finding of EP in a 78-year-old man, who died due to heart infarction. The 6-mm asymptomatic gelatinous lesion was fixed to the basilar artery on its ventral aspect. Small EPs can be easily overlooked in autopsy. Ecchordosis physaliphora and intradural chordoma share some similarities that may be misleading and may even result in the wrong diagnosis and therapy. The recently reported new entity BNCT poses a similar problem. We review the literature illustrating the most important features of notochord-derived lesions and discuss the relationships between these lesions with regard to molecular genetics.
PMID 21574122
Notochordal cells in the adult intervertebral disc: new perspective on an old question
Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2011;21(1):29-41.
Risbud MV, Shapiro IM. Source Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. makarand.risbud@jefferson.edu
Abstract
The intervertebral disc is a tissue positioned between each of the vertebrae that accommodates applied biomechanical forces to the spine. The central compartment of the disc contains the nucleus pulposus (NP) which is enclosed by the annulus fibrosus and the endplate cartilage.The NP is derived from the notochord, a rod-like structure of mesodermal origin. Development of the notochord is tightly regulated by interactive transcription factors and target genes. Since a number of these molecules are unique they have be used for cell lineage and fate mapping studies of tissues of the intervertebral disc. These studies have shown that in a number of species including human, NP tissue retains notochordal cells throughout life. In the adult NP, there are present both large and small notochordal cells, as well as a progenitor cell population which can differentiate along the mesengenic pathway. Since tissue renewal in the intervertebral disc is dependent on the ability of these cells to commit to the NP lineage and undergo terminal differentiation, studies have been performed to assess which signaling pathways may regulate these activities. The notch signaling pathway is active in the intervertebral disc and is responsive to hypoxia, probably through HIF-1a. From a disease viewpoint, it is hypothesized that an oxemic shift, possibly mediated by alterations in the vascular supply to the tissues of the disc would be expected to lead to a failure in notochordal progenitor cell activation and a decrease in the number of differentiated cells. In turn, this would lead to decrements in function and enhancement of the effect of agents that are known to promote disc degeneration.
PMID 21967331
2009
T (brachyury) gene duplication confers major susceptibility to familial chordoma.
Nat Genet. 2009 Nov;41(11):1176-8. Epub 2009 Oct 4.
Yang XR, Ng D, Alcorta DA, Liebsch NJ, Sheridan E, Li S, Goldstein AM, Parry DM, Kelley MJ.
Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA. Abstract Using high-resolution array-CGH, we identified unique duplications of a region on 6q27 in four multiplex families with at least three cases of chordoma, a cancer of presumed notochordal origin. The duplicated region contains only the T (brachyury) gene, which is important in notochord development and is expressed in most sporadic chordomas. Our findings highlight the value of screening for complex genomic rearrangements in searches for cancer-susceptibility genes.
PMID 19801981
1990
Relationship between notochord and the bursa pharyngea in early human development
Cell Differ Dev. 1990 Dec 1;32(2):125-30.
Babić MS. Source Institute of Histology and Embryólogy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Yugoslavia. Abstract The spatial relationship of the notochord to the pharyngeal endoderm of 5- to 12-week human embryos was investigated. The light microscopic observations showed a close association of the notochord and endoderm during the 5th embryonic week. Later on, interposition of the mesenchymal cells caused a progressive separation of these two structures. They remained in close apposition only in the area of bursa pharyngea, a deep invagination of the dorsal pharyngeal epithelium. Ultrastructural examination of a 5-week-old embryo revealed cell processes between the juxtaposed notochordal and endodermal cells in the region of the future bursa pharyngea. In already separated areas, mesenchymal cells, well developed basal laminae and small amounts of extracellular matrix were observed in the notochord-endoderm interspace. The observations revealed a sequence of basal lamina formation during notochord-endoderm separation. The stage-dependent lack of basal lamina at the site of the future bursa pharyngea could reflect direct local interactions between notochordal and endodermal cells.
PMID 2083396
