Talk:Mouse Development

Neurulation in the mouse

Neurulation in the mouse. I. The ontogenesis of neural segments and the determination of topographical regions in a central nervous system. Sakai Y. Anat Rec. 1987 Aug;218(4):450-7.PMID: 3662046

"Ontogenesis of neural segments and positional relationships between the segments and other organs during neurulation were studied in 1,423 ICR mouse embryos by binocular dissecting, light, and scanning electron microscopy. Late in the presomite stage, two transverse sulci, preotic and otic, were seen on the prospective luminal surface of the neural folds. By somite stage 19, the former subdivided into five neuromeres, and by somite stage 21, the latter subdivided into four neuromeres. From the rostral, preotic sulcus, moreover, five other neuromeres were formed by somite stage 20, and between the otic sulcus and the first somite, two neuromeres were formed by somite stage 28. In the caudal part, from the level of the first somite, a total of 39 neuromeres were formed one after another by somite stage 39, and their positions almost correlated with each corresponding somite. Furthermore, the isthmus grew in the boundary between the fifth and sixth neuromere. The most protruding zone in the preotic sulcus formed the eighth neuromere and was located adjacent to the first branchial arch and the trigeminal ganglion. The most protruding zone in the otic sulcus also formed the 11th neuromere and was located adjacent to the second branchial arch. The 12th and 13th neuromeres were situated adjacent to the otic vesicle; the 23rd to 28th neuromeres, adjacent to the forelimb bud; and the 40th to 46th neuromeres, adjacent to the hindlimb bud."

The histogenetic potential of neural plate cells of early-somite-stage mouse embryos. Chan WY, Tam PP. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1986 Jul;96:183-93.PMID: 3805982

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In vivo quantification of embryonic and placental growth during gestation in mice using micro-ultrasound. Mu J, Slevin JC, Qu D, McCormick S, Adamson SL. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2008 Aug 12;6:34. PMID: 18700008

"RESULTS: Gestational sac dimension provided the earliest measure of conceptus size. Sac dimension derived using regression analysis increased from 0.84 mm at E7.5 to 6.44 mm at E11.5 when it was discontinued. The earliest measurement of embryo size was crown-rump length (CRL) which increased from 1.88 mm at E8.5 to 16.22 mm at E16.5 after which it exceeded the field of view. From E10.5 to E18.5 (full term), progressive increases were observed in embryonic biparietal diameter (BPD) (0.79 mm to 7.55 mm at E18.5), abdominal circumference (AC) (4.91 mm to 26.56 mm), and eye lens diameter (0.20 mm to 0.93 mm). Ossified femur length was measureable from E15.5 (1.06 mm) and increased linearly to 2.23 mm at E18.5. In contrast, placental diameter (PD) and placental thickness (PT) increased from E10.5 to E14.5 then remained constant to term in accord with placental weight. Ultrasound and light microscopy measurements agreed with no significant bias and a discrepancy of less than 25%. Regression equations predicting gestational age from individual variables, and embryonic weight (BW) from CRL, BPD, and AC were obtained. The prediction equation BW = -0.757 + 0.0453 (CRL) + 0.0334 (AC) derived from CD-1 data predicted embryonic weights at E17.5 in three other strains of mice with a mean discrepancy of less than 16%. "

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/10/21/abstract

"Postnatal fast muscle fibre type growth is divided into distinct phases in mouse xtensor digitorum longus (EDL): myofibre hypertrophy is initially supported by a rapid increase in the number of myonuclei, but nuclear addition stops around P21. Since the significant myofibre hypertrophy from P21 to adulthood occurs without the net addition of new myonuclei, a considerable expansion of the myonuclear domain results. Satellite cell numbers are initially stable, but then decrease to reach the adult level by P21. Thus the adult number of both myonuclei and satellite cells is already established by three weeks of postnatal growth in mouse." (EDL fast type II fibres in adult)

Mouse models of congenital cardiovascular disease. Moon A. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2008;84:171-248. Review. PMID: 19186245
Mouse models for investigating the developmental basis of human birth defects. Moon AM. Pediatr Res. 2006 Jun;59(6):749-55. Epub 2006 Apr 26. PMID: 16641221

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=18083227 murine placenta contains two invasive cell types, trophoblast giant cells (TGC) and glycogen trophoblast cells (GlyT) TGC population is now recognized to have several subtypes, two of which are invasive; TGCs that form a barrier between the maternal decidua and the underlying placenta (parietal TGCs) and TGCs that invade via an endovascular route (spiral artery-associated TGCs)

Eur J Neurosci. 2008 Jun;27(11):2838-46.

Synaptogenesis in the mouse olfactory bulb during glomerulus development.

Blanchart A, Romaguera M, García-Verdugo JM, de Carlos JA, López-Mascaraque L.

Department of Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.

Synaptogenesis is essential for the development of neuronal networks in the brain. In the olfactory bulb (OB) glomeruli, numerous synapses must form between sensory olfactory neurons and the dendrites of mitral/tufted and periglomerular cells. Glomeruli develop from E13 to E16 in the mouse, coincident with an increment of the neuropil in the border between the external plexiform (EPL) and olfactory nerve layers (ONL), coupled to an extensive labelling of phalloidin and GAP-43 from the ONL to EPL. We have tracked synaptogenesis in the OB during this period by electron microscopy (EM) and immunolabelling of the transmembrane synaptic vesicle glycoprotein SV-2. No SV-2 labelling or synapses were detected at E13, although electrodense junctions lacking synaptic vesicles could be observed by EM. At E14, sparse SV-2 labelling appears in the most ventral and medial part of the incipient OB, which displays a ventro-dorsal gradient by E15 but covers the entire OB by E16. These data establish a spatio-temporal pattern of synaptogenesis, which perfectly matches with the glomeruli formation in developing OB.

PMID: 18588529