Talk:Lecture - Mesoderm Development: Difference between revisions

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! 2015 Group Project Topic - Assisted Reproductive Technology
|-
| [[File:Assisted reproductive technology in Australia and New Zealand 2012.jpg|thumb|150px|ART in Australia (2012)]]
Some Potential Topics
* Your own selected topic (consult coordinator)
* oocyte quality
* spermatozoa quality
* prenatal genetic diagnosis
* frozen oocytes
* in vitro oocyte development
* assisted hatching
* cryopreserved ovarian tissue
* oncofertility
* 3 person embryos
* fertility drugs
* Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
* ART for genetic disorders
* male infertility
* female infertility
[[Assisted Reproductive Technology]]
|}
[[Media:ANAT2341_Lecture_5_-_2014_Mesoderm_Development.pdf|2014 Lecture 5 PDF]]
[[Media:ANAT2341_Lecture_5_-_2014_Mesoderm_Development.pdf|2014 Lecture 5 PDF]]


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{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

Revision as of 23:23, 11 August 2016

2015 Group Project Topic - Assisted Reproductive Technology
ART in Australia (2012)

Some Potential Topics

  • Your own selected topic (consult coordinator)
  • oocyte quality
  • spermatozoa quality
  • prenatal genetic diagnosis
  • frozen oocytes
  • in vitro oocyte development
  • assisted hatching
  • cryopreserved ovarian tissue
  • oncofertility
  • 3 person embryos
  • fertility drugs
  • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
  • ART for genetic disorders
  • male infertility
  • female infertility

Assisted Reproductive Technology

2014 Lecture 5 PDF


ECHO360 Recording
ECHO360 icon.gif

Lecture 5 - Rich Media Playback | Vodcast Playback | Podcast Playback


2011 Lecture 5 Audio

Mesoderm Development

Carnegie stage 9 showing somite formation
Carnegie stage 9 scanning electron microscope image showing somite formation
Carnegie stage 11 mesoderm

Introduction

File:Mesoderm_001_icon.jpg</wikiflv> This animation shows the migration of mesoderm throughout the embryonic disc during gastrulation.

We have seen the following processes during early human development so far: fertilization and blastocyst development in the first week, implantation in the second week, early placentation and bilaminar to trilaminar in the third week. In the third to fourth week we will now follow the development of the trilaminar embryo as each layer begins to differentiate into the primordia of different tissues within the embryo. From this point onward the lectures will not be in a strict timeline format as we will have to follow each layer (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) forward through its early development, and then jump back to discuss the next layer.

This lecture will look at mesoderm development and formation of the body cavities.

Mesoderm means the "middle layer" and it is from this layer that nearly all the bodies connective tissues are derived. In early mesoderm development a number of transient structures will form and then be lost as tissue structure is patterned and organised. Humans are vertebrates, with a "backbone", and the first mesoderm structure we will see form after the notochord will be somites.

Coelom, meaning "cavity", and major fluid-filled cavities can be seen to form both within the embryo (intraembryonic coelom) and outside the embryo (extraembryonic coelom). The intraembryonic coelom is the single primitive cavity that lies within the mesoderm layer that will eventually form the 3 major anatomical body cavities (pericardial, pleural, peritoneal).

Mesenchyme

  • Embryonic connective tissue, describes the cell morphology (Histology is not epithelial organization)
    • epithelial to mesenchymal transitions
    • mesenchymal to epithelial transitions


Heart

  • prechordal splanchnic mesderm forms cardiac mesoderm (week 4)
    • splanchnic mesoderm lying above the notochord
  • initially as a simple tube
  • first organ to form in the embryo

Mesoderm cartoon4.gif

Chicken Model - Somite formation

Hamburger & Hamilton Stage 10 (33 hours)
  • Chicken Stages -regular appearance of somites (somitomere to somite) allowed early experimenters to accurately stage the embryo Chicken Development
  • Advantages - accessible, easy to manipulate, limb grafts/removal, chimeras, developmental processes
  • taxon-Gallus gallus, develops and hatches in 20-21 days, fertilized eggs easily maintained in humidified incubators
  • Embryo Staged growth Series of Embryonic Chicken Growth Hamburger & Hamilton J. Morphology, 88 49 - 92, 1951 Hamburger Hamilton Stages
  • Other vertebrate animal models - Fish (Zebrafish), Frog (Xenopus)

Chick Embryo Mesoderm

  • Body Musculature - Myotome derivatives-mouse embryo
  • Lateral Plate Mesoderm
  • Limb Musculature
  • Dermomyotome- Muscle (MyoD)
  • MyoD Pax 3

Somite Differentiation

  • migrating neural crest cells enter cranial half, will form dorsal root ganglia (DRG)
  • sclerotome bulges ventro-medially towards notochord, then surround and engulf notochord
    • mainly growth of surrounding tissues not movement of sclerotome
  • notochord forms nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc (IVD)

Lecture Links

Take the Quiz

1 Mesenchyme refers to the middle layer of the trilaminar embryo

true
false

2 The intraembryonic coelom forms within :

somites
lateral plate
neural tube
intermediate mesoderm

3 All paraxial mesoderm segments into somites.

true
false

4 Somites are developmental structures that contribute the following adult structures :

vertebra, notochord, dermis, skeletal muscle
vertebra, intervertebral discs, dermis, skeletal muscle
kidney, body wall connective tissue, sensory ganglia
kidney, gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle, mesentry