Talk:Human System Development
--Mark Hill 18:48, 27 August 2011 (EST) Add Connective Tissue Development
Adult Human Distinct Cell Types
MBoC - There are about 210 known distinct human cell types.
Integumentary system Keratinizing epithelial cells Epidermal keratinocyte (differentiating epidermal cell) Epidermal basal cell (stem cell) Keratinocyte of fingernails and toenails Nail bed basal cell (stem cell) Medullary hair shaft cell
Cortical hair shaft cell Cuticular hair shaft cell Cuticular hair root sheath cell Hair root sheath cell of Huxley's layer Hair root sheath cell of Henle's layer External hair root sheath cell Hair matrix cell (stem cell)
Wet stratified barrier epithelial cells Surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina Urinary epithelium cell (lining urinary bladder and urinary ducts)
Exocrine secretory epithelial cells Salivary gland mucous cell (polysaccharide-rich secretion) Salivary gland serous cell (glycoprotein enzyme-rich secretion) Von Ebner's gland cell in tongue (washes taste buds) Mammary gland cell (milk secretion) Lacrimal gland cell (tear secretion) Ceruminous gland cell in ear (wax secretion) Eccrine sweat gland dark cell (glycoprotein secretion) Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (small molecule secretion) Apocrine sweat gland cell (odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive) Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (specialized sweat gland) Sebaceous gland cell (lipid-rich sebum secretion) Bowman's gland cell in nose (washes olfactory epithelium) Brunner's gland cell in duodenum (enzymes and alkaline mucus) Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm) Prostate gland cell (secretes seminal fluid components) Bulbourethral gland cell (mucus secretion) Bartholin's gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion) Gland of Littre cell (mucus secretion) Uterus endometrium cell (carbohydrate secretion) Isolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts (mucus secretion) Stomach lining mucous cell (mucus secretion) Gastric gland zymogenic cell (pepsinogen secretion) Gastric gland oxyntic cell (hydrochloric acid secretion) Pancreatic acinar cell (bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion) Paneth cell of small intestine (lysozyme secretion) Type II pneumocyte of lung (surfactant secretion) Clara cell of lung
Hormone secreting cells
Anterior pituitary cells Somatotropes
Lactotropes
Thyrotropes Gonadotropes Corticotropes
Intermediate pituitary cell, secreting melanocyte-stimulating hormone Magnocellular neurosecretory cells
secreting oxytocin
secreting vasopressin Gut and respiratory tract cells
secreting serotonin secreting endorphin secreting somatostatin secreting gastrin secreting secretin secreting cholecystokinin secreting insulin secreting glucagon secreting bombesin
Thyroid gland cells thyroid epithelial cell
parafollicular cell Parathyroid gland cells
Parathyroid chief cell
Oxyphil cell Adrenal gland cells
chromaffin cells
secreting steroid hormones (mineralcorticoids and gluco corticoids) Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone
Granulosa lutein cells
Theca lutein cells
Juxtaglomerular cell (renin secretion)
Macula densa cell of kidney
Peripolar cell of kidney
Mesangial cell of kidney
Metabolism and storage cells Hepatocyte (liver cell) White fat cell Brown fat cell Liver lipocyte
Barrier function cells (Lung, Gut, Exocrine Glands and Urogenital Tract)
Kidney Kidney glomerulus parietal cell Kidney glomerulus podocyte Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell Loop of Henle thin segment cell Kidney distal tubule cell Kidney collecting duct cell
Other Type I pneumocyte (lining air space of lung) Pancreatic duct cell (centroacinar cell) Nonstriated duct cell (of sweat gland, salivary gland, mammary gland, etc.) principal cell Intercalated cell Duct cell (of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc.) Intestinal brush border cell (with microvilli) Exocrine gland striated duct cell Gall bladder epithelial cell Ductulus efferens nonciliated cell Epididymal principal cell Epididymal basal cell
Epithelial cells lining closed internal body cavities Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial fenestrated cell Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial continuous cell Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial splenic cell Synovial cell (lining joint cavities, hyaluronic acid secretion) Serosal cell (lining peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities) Squamous cell (lining perilymphatic space of ear) Squamous cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear) Columnar cell of endolymphatic sac with microvilli (lining endolymphatic space of ear) Columnar cell of endolymphatic sac without microvilli (lining endolymphatic space of ear) Dark cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear) Vestibular membrane cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear) Stria vascularis basal cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear) Stria vascularis marginal cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear) Cell of Claudius (lining endolymphatic space of ear) Cell of Boettcher (lining endolymphatic space of ear) Choroid plexus cell (cerebrospinal fluid secretion) Pia-arachnoid squamous cell Pigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye Nonpigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye Corneal endothelial cell
Ciliated cells with propulsive function
Respiratory tract ciliated cell
Oviduct ciliated cell (in female)
Uterine endometrial ciliated cell (in female)
Rete testis ciliated cell (in male)
Ductulus efferens ciliated cell (in male)
Ciliated ependymal cell of central nervous system (lining brain cavities)
Extracellular matrix secretion cells
Ameloblast epithelial cell (tooth enamel secretion)
Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular apparatus of ear (proteoglycan secretion)
Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell (secreting tectorial membrane covering hair cells)
Loose connective tissue fibroblasts
Corneal fibroblasts
Tendon fibroblasts
Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts
Other nonepithelial fibroblasts
Pericyte
Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc
Cementoblast/cementocyte (tooth root bonelike cementum secretion)
Odontoblast/odontocyte (tooth dentin secretion)
Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte
Fibrocartilage chondrocyte
Elastic cartilage chondrocyte Osteoblast/osteocyte
Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts)
Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye
Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear
Contractile cells
Skeletal muscle cells
Red skeletal muscle cell (slow)
White skeletal muscle cell (fast)
Intermediate skeletal muscle cell nuclear bag cell of muscle spindle nuclear chain cell of muscle spindle
Satellite cell (stem cell)
Heart muscle cells
Ordinary heart muscle cell
Nodal heart muscle cell
Purkinje fiber cell
Smooth muscle cell (various types)
Myoepithelial cell of iris
Myoepithelial cell of exocrine glands
Blood and immune system cells
Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
Megakaryocyte (platelet precursor)
Monocyte Connective tissue macrophage (various types)
Epidermal Langerhans cell
Osteoclast (in bone)
Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues)
Microglial cell (in central nervous system)
Neutrophil granulocyte
Eosinophil granulocyte
Basophil granulocyte
Mast cell Helper
T cell Suppressor
T cell Cytotoxic
T cell Natural
Killer T cell
B cell
Natural killer cell
Reticulocyte
Stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types)
Nervous system Sensory transducer cells
Auditory inner hair cell of organ of Corti
Auditory outer hair cell of organ of Corti
Basal cell of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons)
Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons
Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons
Merkel cell of epidermis (touch sensor)
Olfactory receptor neuron
Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye:
Photoreceptor rod cells
Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cell of eye
Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cell of eye
Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cell of eye
Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons (various types)
Touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
Type I carotid body cell (blood pH sensor)
Type II carotid body cell (blood pH sensor)
Type I hair cell of vestibular apparatus of ear (acceleration and gravity)
Type II hair cell of vestibular apparatus of ear (acceleration and gravity)
Type I taste bud cell
Autonomic neuron cells Cholinergic neural cell (various types) Adrenergic neural cell (various types) Peptidergic neural cell (various types)
Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells Inner pillar cell of organ of Corti Outer pillar cell of organ of Corti Inner phalangeal cell of organ of Corti Outer phalangeal cell of organ of Corti Border cell of organ of Corti Hensen cell of organ of Corti Vestibular apparatus supporting cell Type I taste bud supporting cell Olfactory epithelium supporting cell Schwann cell Satellite cell (encapsulating peripheral nerve cell bodies) Enteric glial cell
Central nervous system neurons and glial cells Neuron cells (large variety of types, still poorly classified) Spindle neuron Astrocyte (various types) Oligodendrocyte
Lens cells Anterior lens epithelial cell Crystallin-containing lens fiber cell
Pigment cells
Melanocyte Retinal pigmented epithelial cell
Germ cells
Oogonium/Oocyte
Spermatid Spermatocyte Spermatogonium cell (stem cell for spermatocyte) Spermatozoon
Nurse cells
Ovarian follicle cell Sertoli cell (in testis) Thymus epithelial cell
Interstitial cells Interstitial kidney cells