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==Kyoto Collection==
==Kyoto Collection==
:"Approximately 44,000 human embryos and fetuses have been collected and stored at Kyoto University over the past four decades, with the aid of several hundred obstetricians. In the majority of the cases, pregnancy was terminated for social reasons during the first trimester of pregnancy (the Maternity Protection Law of Japan) and healthy embryo generally were derived from the pregnancies. The pregnancies were mainly terminated by dilatation and curettage. Some specimens were derived from spontaneous or threatened abortions. Because the attending obstetricians did not examine the aborted materials, the collection of embryos was not biased by their outcome (normal or abnormal, live or dead, etc.) and the embryo collection can be considered to be representative of the total intrauterine population in Japan."


===Imaging of a large collection of human embryo using a super-parallel MR microscope===
===Imaging of a large collection of human embryo using a super-parallel MR microscope===

Revision as of 17:32, 31 May 2012

Kyoto Collection

"Approximately 44,000 human embryos and fetuses have been collected and stored at Kyoto University over the past four decades, with the aid of several hundred obstetricians. In the majority of the cases, pregnancy was terminated for social reasons during the first trimester of pregnancy (the Maternity Protection Law of Japan) and healthy embryo generally were derived from the pregnancies. The pregnancies were mainly terminated by dilatation and curettage. Some specimens were derived from spontaneous or threatened abortions. Because the attending obstetricians did not examine the aborted materials, the collection of embryos was not biased by their outcome (normal or abnormal, live or dead, etc.) and the embryo collection can be considered to be representative of the total intrauterine population in Japan."

Imaging of a large collection of human embryo using a super-parallel MR microscope

Magn Reson Med Sci. 2007;6(3):139-46.

Matsuda Y, Ono S, Otake Y, Handa S, Kose K, Haishi T, Yamada S, Uwabe C, Shiota K. Source Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

Abstract

Using 4 and 8-channel super-parallel magnetic resonance (MR) microscopes with a horizontal bore 2.34T superconducting magnet developed for 3-dimensional MR microscopy of the large Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos, we acquired T(1)-weighted 3D images of 1204 embryos at a spatial resolution of (40 microm)(3) to (150 microm)(3) in about 2 years. Similarity of image contrast between the T(1)-weighted images and stained anatomical sections indicated that T(1)-weighted 3D images could be used for an anatomical 3D image database for human embryology.

PMID 18037794

http://mrlab.frsc.tsukuba.ac.jp/human_embryos/

Graphic and movie illustrations of human prenatal development and their application to embryological education based on the human embryo specimens in the Kyoto collection

Dev Dyn. 2006 Feb;235(2):468-77.

Yamada S, Uwabe C, Nakatsu-Komatsu T, Minekura Y, Iwakura M, Motoki T, Nishimiya K, Iiyama M, Kakusho K, Minoh M, Mizuta S, Matsuda T, Matsuda Y, Haishi T, Kose K, Fujii S, Shiota K. Source Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Abstract

Morphogenesis in the developing embryo takes place in three dimensions, and in addition, the dimension of time is another important factor in development. Therefore, the presentation of sequential morphological changes occurring in the embryo (4D visualization) is essential for understanding the complex morphogenetic events and the underlying mechanisms. Until recently, 3D visualization of embryonic structures was possible only by reconstruction from serial histological sections, which was tedious and time-consuming. During the past two decades, 3D imaging techniques have made significant advances thanks to the progress in imaging and computer technologies, computer graphics, and other related techniques. Such novel tools have enabled precise visualization of the 3D topology of embryonic structures and to demonstrate spatiotemporal 4D sequences of organogenesis. Here, we describe a project in which staged human embryos are imaged by the magnetic resonance (MR) microscope, and 3D images of embryos and their organs at each developmental stage were reconstructed based on the MR data, with the aid of computer graphics techniques. On the basis of the 3D models of staged human embryos, we constructed a data set of 3D images of human embryos and made movies to illustrate the sequential process of human morphogenesis. Furthermore, a computer-based self-learning program of human embryology is being developed for educational purposes, using the photographs, histological sections, MR images, and 3D models of staged human embryos. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

PMID 16317724

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.20647/full

Normal and abnormal development of human embryos: first report of the analysis of 1,213 intact embryos

Teratology. 1968 Aug;1(3):281-90.

Nishimura H, Takano K, Tanimura T, Yasuda M. PMID 5759548

Carnegie Collection

The manifestation of the axes of the human embryo

Ronan O'Rahilly

http://www.springerlink.com/content/r0uw70l3m4651002/


Modeling Man: The Monkey Colony at the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Department of Embryology, 1925-1971

J Hist Biol. 2011 Apr 19.


Source National Museum of Health and Medicine, 6900 Georgia Ave, NW, Building 54, Washington, DC, 20307, USA, emily.k.wilson@gmail.com.

Abstract

Though better recognized for its immediate endeavors in human embryo research, the Carnegie Department of Embryology also employed a breeding colony of rhesus macaques for the purposes of studying human reproduction. This essay follows the course of the first enterprise in maintaining a primate colony for laboratory research and the overlapping scientific, social, and political circumstances that tolerated and cultivated the colony's continued operation from 1925 until 1971. Despite a new-found priority for reproductive sciences in the United States, by the early 1920s an unfertilized human ovum had not yet been seen and even the timing of ovulation remained unresolved. Progress would require an organized research approach that could extend beyond the limitations of working with scant and inherently restrictive human subjects or with common lab mammals like mice. In response, the Department of Embryology, under the Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW), instituted a novel methodology using a particular primate species as a surrogate in studying normal human reproductive physiology. Over more than 40 years the monkey colony followed an unpremeditated trajectory that would contribute fundamentally to discoveries in human reproduction, early embryo development, reliable birth control methods, and to the establishment of the rhesus macaque as a common model organism.

PMID 21503772

Blechschmidt Collection

(University of Goettingen, Germany)

Managing Director Prof. Dr. J. Staiger Phone: 7052 Fax: 14016

Prof. Dr. Jochen Staiger, jochen.staiger@med.uni-goettingen.de

  • Professor E. Blechschmidt embryological collection were assigned Carnegie Nos. 10315-10434 in 1972.
  • because Professor Blechschmidt's wish was and is to have his collection combined with the Carnegie Collection.
  • Blechschmidt Collection was housed temporarily in the Department of Anatomy of Louisiana State University, New Orleans, under the care of Dr. Raymond F. Gasser.
  • basis of two important atlases (Blechschmidt, 1963, 1973)
    • Blechschmidt, E. 1963. Der menschliche Embryo. Dokumen- tationen zur kinetiscben Anatomie. Schattauer, Stuttgart.
    • Blechschmidt, E. 1973. Die prdnatalen Organsysteme des Menschen. Hippokrates, Stuttgart.
  • three-dimensional reconstructions are housed in the Anatomisches Institut der Universitat Gottingen.
  • the staging of these embryos has not been completed.


Ziegler Models

Book - Embryos in Wax: Models from the Ziegler Studio

http://www.vanleestantiques.com/subcat.php?id=86

Hubrecht Collection

A treasure house of comparative embryology

Int J Dev Biol. 1999;43(7):591-602.

Richardson MK, Narraway J. Source Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom. m.richardson@sghms.ac.uk

Abstract

The Embryo Collection of the Hubrecht Laboratory is a treasure house of comparative embryology. It is the largest and most important collection of its kind in the world, and consists of thousands of vertebrate embryos stored in alcohol, or prepared as histological sections. Many elusive species are included in the collection, some represented by complete developmental series. The accompanying archives offer a remarkable insight into the methods used to collect embryos form wild animals, as well as the motives behind the founders of the collection. Carefully maintained, documented and catalogued, the collection is available for study by all interested scientists. We argue that this collection is one of the greatest biodiversity resources in existence.

PMID 10668968

http://www.intjdevbiol.com/paper.php?doi=10668968

A brief history of the Hubrecht Laboratory

Int J Dev Biol. 1999;43(7):583-90.

Faasse P, Faber J, Narraway J. Source Hubrecht Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Utrecht.

PMID 10668967

http://www.intjdevbiol.com/paper.php?doi=10668967

Hill Collection

Duke University Comparative Embryology Collection