Talk:Hearing - Middle Ear Development

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Incudomalleal joint formation: the roles of apoptosis, migration and downregulation. Amin S, Matalova E, Simpson C, Yoshida H, Tucker AS. BMC Dev Biol. 2007 Dec 5;7:134. PMID: 18053235

"The malleus and incus first appear as a single united condensation expressing early cartilage markers. The incudomalleal joint region forms by cells in the presumptive joint region switching off cartilage markers and turning on joint markers. Failure in this process may result in fusion of this joint, as observed in human syndromes such as Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome or Treacher Collins Syndrome."


Anat Anz. 1990;171(3):187-91. [The morphometry of the ear ossicles in humans during development] [Article in German] Olszewski J. Anstalt für Normale Anatomie, Medizinischen Militärakademie Lódź, Polen. Abstract The dimensions and the mass of the auditive ossicles was determined bilaterally in 100 human fetuses, of each sex aged from 21 to 40 weeks and 20 individual adults aged 18 to 40 years. It was found that the development of auditive ossicles in human is not completed during fetal life. The analyzed parameters of malleus (a, b, c, d1, d2, e) in the over fetal life period increased adequately by 14.02%, 11.22%, 16.70%, 12.80%, 12.01%, 21.98%, incus by (a, b, c1, c2, d, e) - 7.61%, 11.48%, 11.40%, 23.59%, 12.14%, 14.94%, stapes by (a, b, c, d, e, f) - 6.28%, 7.66%, 8.40%, 4.54%, 4.54%, 4.16%. In the over fetal life period increase of weight of malleus by 22.05%, incus by 26.49%, stapes by 11.57% was also observed. Described parameters of ossicles system are very important with respect to classification to the operations improving hearing in the system convecting of vibration of the tympanic membrane in children. PMID: 2268059 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]