Talk:Gastrointestinal Tract - Stomach Development: Difference between revisions
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::[[Embryology_History|'''Historic Embryology''']]: [[Book_-_Text-Book_of_the_Embryology_of_Man_and_Mammals_14|1882 The Organs of the Inner Germ-Layer The Alimentary Tube with its Appended Organs]] | [[Book_-_Manual_of_Human_Embryology_17-4|1912 Stomach]] | |||
==10 Most Recent Papers== | ==10 Most Recent Papers== | ||
Revision as of 18:38, 4 May 2014
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 16) Embryology Gastrointestinal Tract - Stomach Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Gastrointestinal_Tract_-_Stomach_Development |
10 Most Recent Papers
Note - This sub-heading shows an automated computer PubMed search using the listed sub-heading term. References appear in this list based upon the date of the actual page viewing. Therefore the list of references do not reflect any editorial selection of material based on content or relevance. In comparison, references listed on the content page and discussion page (under the publication year sub-headings) do include editorial selection based upon relevance and availability. (More? Pubmed Most Recent)
Stomach Embryology
<pubmed limit=5>Stomach Embryology</pubmed>
2013
Gastrointestinal defects of the Gas1 mutant involve dysregulated Hedgehog and Ret signaling
Biol Open. 2013 Feb 15;2(2):144-55. doi: 10.1242/bio.20123186. Epub 2012 Nov 20. Biau S, Jin S, Fan CM. Source Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington , 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 , USA ; 2iE Foundation, International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering , Rue de la Science, 01 BP 594, Ouagadougou 01 , Burkina Faso.
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract defines the digestive system and is composed of the stomach, intestine and colon. Among the major cell types lining radially along the GI tract are the epithelium, mucosa, smooth muscles and enteric neurons. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been implicated in directing various aspects of the developing GI tract, notably the mucosa and smooth muscle growth, and enteric neuron patterning, while the Ret signaling pathway is selectively required for enteric neuron migration, proliferation, and differentiation. The growth arrest specific gene 1 (Gas1) encodes a GPI-anchored membrane protein known to bind to Sonic Hh (Shh), Indian Hh (Ihh), and Ret. However, its role in the GI tract has not been examined. Here we show that the Gas1 mutant GI tract, compared to the control, is shorter, has thinner smooth muscles, and contains more enteric progenitors that are abnormally distributed. These phenotypes are similar to those of the Shh mutant, supporting that Gas1 mediates most of the Shh activity in the GI tract. Because Gas1 has been shown to inhibit Ret signaling elicited by Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf), we explored whether Gas1 mutant enteric neurons displayed any alteration of Ret signaling levels. Indeed, isolated mutant enteric progenitors not only showed increased levels of phospho-Ret and its downstream effectors, phospho-Akt and phospho-Erk, but also displayed altered responses to Gdnf and Shh. We therefore conclude that phenotypes observed in the Gas1 mutant are due to a combination of reduced Hh signaling and increased Ret signaling. KEYWORDS: Gas1, Gastrointestinal development, Ret, Shh
PMID 23429478
2009
Sfrp controls apicobasal polarity and oriented cell division in developing gut epithelium.
PLoS Genet. 2009 Mar;5(3):e1000427. Epub 2009 Mar 20.
Matsuyama M, Aizawa S, Shimono A.
Vertebrate Body Plan, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN Kobe, Minatojima-Minami, Kobe, Japan.
Abstract Epithelial tubular morphogenesis leading to alteration of organ shape has important physiological consequences. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms that govern epithelial tube morphogenesis. Here, we show that inactivation of Sfrp1 and Sfrp2 leads to reduction in fore-stomach length in mouse embryos, which is enhanced in the presence of the Sfrp5 mutation. In the mono-cell layer of fore-stomach epithelium, cell division is normally oriented along the cephalocaudal axis; in contrast, orientation diverges in the Sfrps-deficient fore-stomach. Cell growth and apoptosis are not affected in the Sfrps-deficient fore-stomach epithelium. Similarly, cell division orientation in fore-stomach epithelium diverges as a result of inactivation of either Stbm/Vangl2, an Fz/PCP component, or Wnt5a. These observations indicate that the oriented cell division, which is controlled by the Fz/PCP pathway, is one of essential components in fore-stomach morphogenesis. Additionally, the small intestine epithelium of Sfrps compound mutants fails to maintain proper apicobasal polarity; the defect was also observed in Wnt5a-inactivated small intestine. In relation to these findings, Sfrp1 physically interacts with Wnt5a and inhibits Wnt5a signaling. We propose that Sfrp regulation of Wnt5a signaling controls oriented cell division and apicobasal polarity in the epithelium of developing gut.
PMID 19300477
| File:Stomach.jpg | |
During week 4 where the stomach will form the tube begins to dilate, forming an enlarged lumen in the tube. Dorsal border grows more rapidly than ventral, which establishes the greater curvature of the stomach. A second rotation (of 90 degrees) occurs on the longitudinal axis establishing the adult orientation of the stomach.
Stage 13/14 Stomach
| File:St1314sm.gif | File:D2st13stom.gif | File:D3lst13stom.gif | File:D4st13stom.gif |
| View through osophageal pyloric region at top of stomach.(base of R. and L. lung buds) | Beginning of stomach rotation. Broad dorsal mesogastrium, narrow ventral mesogastrium. Cavity beneath stomach is the omentum bursa. | Section through the body of the stomach. Dorsal mesogastrium beneath the omentum bursa will form greater omentum. | |
| File:D5st13stom.gif | File:D6st13stom.gif | File:D7st13stom.gif | |
| Section through the body of the stomach. | Section at the stomach duodenal junction. |
Stage 22 Stomach
| File:St22hum.gif | File:E6lst22stom.gif | File:E7lst22stom.gif |
| Note thick muscular wall of stomach body and change in lumen shape between pyloris and duodenum. | ||
| File:F1lst22stom.gif | File:F2lst22stom.gif | File:F3lst22stom.gif |
| File:F4lst22stom.gif | File:F5lst22stom.gif | |
Greater Omentum
The greater omentum hangs like an apron over the small intestine and transverse colon. It begins attacted to the inferior end of the stomach as a fold of the dorsal mesogastrium which later fuses to form the structure we recognise anatomically. The figure below shows a lateral view of this process comparing the early second trimester arrangement with the newborn structure. (More? [git12.htm GIT Folding])
3D Model Movies
The following are links to 3D reconstruction animations of serial images of the gastrointestinal tract at an early and late embryonic stage. (More? [3dmodel.htm 3D Model Movies])
Adult Stomach Position
| File:Stomach-position.jpg | Movie of anatomical position of the erect adult stomach position on filling, based upon historic drawings.
Quicktime: [../Movies/git/adult_stomach_position.mov adult_stomach_position.mov (36 Kb)] |
Abnormalities
- Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- duodenal atresia
- duodenal stenosis
WWW Links
Indiana University animation showing Development of the Stomach, Omenta and Duodenum Discussion of the development of the stomach from the foregut, the omenta development from the mesenteries, and the rotational movements of the stomach and duodenum.(approx. 2 minutes)
Introduction
This section of notes gives an overview of how the stomach and duodenum develops. The GIT is best imagined as a simple tube, the upper part being the foregut diverticulum, which is further divided into oesophagus and stomach.
During week 4 where the stomach will form the tube begins to dilate, forming an enlarged lumen in the tube. Dorsal border grows more rapidly than ventral, which establishes the greater curvature of the stomach. A second rotation (of 90 degrees) occurs on the longitudinal axis establishing the adult orientation of the stomach.
stomach
- glandular/proventricular/pyloric stenosis
- fundus/pyloric antrum
- pyloric sphincter
Greater Omentum
The greater omentum hangs like an apron over the small intestine and transverse colon. It begins attacted to the inferior end of the stomach as a fold of the dorsal mesogastrium which later fuses to form the structure we recognise anatomically. The figure below shows a lateral view of this process comparing the early second trimester arrangement with the newborn structure. (More? GIT Folding)
The diagram below shows this rotation with spinal cord at the top, vertebral body then dorsal aorta then pertioneal wall and cavity.
Stein BA, Buchan AM, Morris J, Polak JM. The ontogeny of regulatory peptide-containing cells in the human fetal stomach: an immunocytochemical study. J Histochem Cytochem. 1983 Sep;31(9):1117-25.)
Other gut peptides: cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin (increase satiety and decrease food intake) and ghrelin
