Talk:Gastrointestinal Tract - Abnormalities

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On this website the Discussion Tab or "talk pages" for a topic has been used for several purposes: References - recent and historic that relates to the topic Additional topic information - currently prepared in draft format Links - to related webpages Topic page - an edit history as used on other Wiki sites Lecture/Practical - student feedback Student Projects - online project discussions. Links: Pubmed Most Recent | Reference Tutorial | Journal Searches Glossary Links Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 18) Embryology Gastrointestinal Tract - Abnormalities. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Gastrointestinal_Tract_-_Abnormalities

2011

A case of congenital duodenal web causing duodenal stenosis in a down syndrome child: endoscopic resection with an insulated-tip knife

Gut Liver. 2011 Mar;5(1):105-9. Epub 2011 Mar 16.

Lee SS, Hwang ST, Jang NG, Tchah H, Choi DY, Kim HY, Ryoo E. Source Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University of Medicine and Science Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.

Abstract A 35-month-old girl visited our hospital with repetitive vomiting and abdominal distention; this was especially aggravated after the introduction of solid and semisolid foods. At 5 months of age, the patient, who had Down's syndrome, had undergone surgery for ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus, and had subsequently been frequently hospitalized for respiratory infections and other viral infectious diseases. After her admission, the abdominal distension improved with fasting and intravenous fl uid therapy. Radiograph from a small-bowel series revealed a thin fi lling defect with a dilated duodenal bulb in the distal region of the second portion of the duodenum, suggesting a duodenal web, and endoscopy revealed duodenal stenosis. We therefore performed endoscopic resection with an insulated-tip knife because of the history of prior operations, fasting problems after operations, and respiratory infections. Seven days later, scar formation was noted on the second portion of the duodenum, the scope passed well at the excision site, and no retained food material was noted on the follow-up endoscopy. After the procedure, the patient's abdominal distention and repetitive vomiting subsided, and she was discharged with the ability to eat eat an age-appropriate normal diet. There were no specifi c symptoms or other complications for 1 year after the procedure.

PMID: 21461083 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21461083

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065085/

Fig. 1 The findings of the gastrointestinal barium study. (A) A beak-like narrowing of the distal esophagus up to the gastroesophageal junction with mild passage disturbance, and a thin filling defect are noted on the distal region of the second portion of the duodenum. (B) Contrast is retained on the dilated stomach and duodenal bulb.

Fig. 3 Initial endoscopic findings. (A) A mucosal diaphragm is seen on the second portion of the duodenum, suggesting a duodenal web. (B) A mucosal diaphragm in the second portion of the duodenum shows a stenotic lumen.

2007

Anomalous opening of the common bile duct into the duodenal bulb: endoscopic treatment

BMC Gastroenterol. 2007 Jul 5;7:26.

Disibeyaz S, Parlak E, Cicek B, Cengiz C, Kuran SO, Oguz D, Güzel H, Sahin B. Source Department of Gastroenterology, Turkiye Yüksek Ihtisas Hospital, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey. selcukdisibeyaz@yahoo.com Abstract BACKGROUND: Anomalous biliary opening especially the presence of the ampulla of Vater in the duodenal bulb is a very rare phenomenon. We report clinical implications, laboratory and ERCP findings and also therapeutic approaches in 53 cases.

METHODS: The data were collected from the records of 12.158 ERCP. The diagnosis was established as an anomalous opening of the common bile duct (CBD) into the duodenal bulb when there is an orifice observed in the bulb with the absence of a papillary structure at its normal localization and when the CBD is visualized by cholangiography through this orifice without evidence of any other opening.

RESULTS: A total of 53 cases were recruited. There was an obvious male preponderance (M/F: 49/4). Demographic data and ERCP findings were available for all, but clinical characteristics and laboratory findings could be obtained from 39 patients with full records. Thirty-seven of 39 cases had abdominal pain (95%) and 23 of them (59%) had cholangitis as well. Elevated AP and GGT were found in 97.4% (52/53). History of cholecystectomy was present in 64% of the cases, recurrent cholangitis in 26% and duodenal ulcer in 45%. Normal papilla was not observed in any of the patients and a cleft-like opening was evident instead. The CBD was hook shaped at the distal part that opens to the duodenal bulb. Pancreatic duct (PD) was opening separately into the bulb in all the cases when it was possible to visualize. Dilated CBD in ERCP was evident in 94% and the CBD stone was demonstrated in 51%. PD was dilated in four of 12 (33%) cases. None of them has a history of pancreatitis. Endoscopically, Papillary Balloon Dilatation instead of Sphincterotomy carried out in 19 of 27 patients (70%) with choledocholithiazis. Remaining eight patients had undergone surgery (30%). Clinical symptoms were resolved with medical treatment in 16(32%) patients with dilated CBD but no stone. Perforation and bleeding were occurred only in two patients, which stones extracted with sphincterotomy (each complication in 1 patient).

CONCLUSION: The opening of the CBD into the duodenal bulb is a rare event that may be associated with biliary and gastric/duodenal diseases. To date, surgical treatment has been preferred. In our experience, sphincterotomy has a high risk since it may lead to bleeding and perforation by virtue of the fact that a true papillary structure is absent. However, we performed balloon dilatation of the orifice successfully without any serious complication and suggest this as a safe therapeutic modality.

PMID: 17610747 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17610747

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-230X/7/26

2006

Duodenal stenosis, a new finding on congenital rubella syndrome: case description and literature review

J Infect. 2006 Nov;53(5):e207-10. Epub 2006 Mar 20.

Diamanti A, Pietrobattista A, Bevivino E, De Angelis P, Calce A, Dall'Oglio L, Gambarara M. Source Children's Hospital, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, Rome, Italy. diamanti@opbg.net

Abstract Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) continues to represent a public healthcare problem although an effective vaccination program. Gastrointestinal involvement is rather infrequent and the association of CRS with duodenal stenosis has been never reported. In this study a case of CRS with duodenal diaphragm is reported and the gastrointestinal diseases described in association with CRS are reviewed. A 10-month-old child affected by CRS with congenital hearth disease, perceptive deafness and microcephaly, was admitted because of vomiting and failure to thrive. An upper endoscopy demonstrated dilated proximal duodenum and a perforated diaphragm in the second segment of the duodenum. Endoscopic membranectomy was therefore performed. Two months later the patient was submitted to a further endoscopic evaluation that showed a partial diaphragm persistence and a second excision was performed. Follow-up one year after the first treatment showed good clinical conditions, reasonable physical growth and disappearance of vomiting. In conclusion we report the first case of CRS in association with duodenal stenosis. Duodenal stenosis in the absence of other intestinal localizations may be due to rubella capacity of infecting only small numbers of fetal cells but we cannot exclude that the duodenal stenosis in our patient be only a casual association.

PMID: 16546260 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16546260

Cassart M, Massez A, Lingier P, Absil AS, Donner C, Avni F. Sonographic prenatal diagnosis of malpositioned stomach as a feature of uncomplicated intestinal malrotation. Pediatr Radiol. 2006 Feb 8;:1-3

Strouse PJ. Animal models of implantation. Reproduction. 2004 Dec;128(6):679-95. Disorders of intestinal rotation and fixation ("malrotation"). Pediatr Radiol. 2004 Nov;34(11):837-51.

Appendix Duplication

Appendix duplication is an extremely rare congenital anomaly (0.004% to 0.009% of appendectomy specimens) first classified according to their anatomic location by Cave in 1936 and modified by Wallbridge in 1963 and later two more types of appendix anomalies added.

Modified Cave-Wallbridge classification

Classification of types of appendix duplication	Features
A	Single cecum with various degrees of incomplete duplication
B1 (bird type)	Two appendixes symmetrically placed on either side of the ileocecal valve
B2 (tenia coli type)	ne appendix arises from the cecum at the usual site, and the second appendix branches from the cecum along the lines of the tenia at various distances from the first
B3	One appendix arises from the usual site, and the second appendix arises from the hepatic flexura
B4	One appendix arises from the usual site, and the second appendix arises from the splenic flexura
C	Double cecum, each with an appendix
Horseshoe appendix	One appendix has two openings into a common cecum
Triple appendix	One appendix arises from the cecum at the usual site, and two additional appendixes arise from the colon

two more types of appendix anomalies (Table 1) also have been described [9, 10].

Cave AJE: Appendix vermiformis duplex. J Anat 1936, 70:283-292.

Wallbridge PH: Double appendix. Br J Surg 1963, 50:346-347.

9. Mesko TW, Lugo R, Breitholtz T: Horseshoe anomaly of the appendix: a previously undescribed entity. Surgery 1989, 106:563-566.

10. Tinckler LF: Triple appendix vermiformis: a unique case. Br J Surg 1968, 55:79-81.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21513538

http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/5/1/162

http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/pdf/1752-1947-5-162.pdf

© 2011 Canbay and Akman ; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.