Talk:Endocrine - Pancreas Development: Difference between revisions

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Remodelling sympathetic innervation in rat pancreatic islets ontogeny.
Remodelling sympathetic innervation in rat pancreatic islets ontogeny.
Cabrera-Vásquez S, Navarro-Tableros V, Sánchez-Soto C, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Hiriart M.
Cabrera-Vásquez S, Navarro-Tableros V, Sánchez-Soto C, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Hiriart M.
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2. Salvioli B, Bovara M, Barbara G, De Ponti F, Stanghellini V, Tonini M, Guerrini S, Cremon C, Degli Esposti M, Koumandou M, et al.: Neurology and neuropathology of the pancreatic innervation.
2. Salvioli B, Bovara M, Barbara G, De Ponti F, Stanghellini V, Tonini M, Guerrini S, Cremon C, Degli Esposti M, Koumandou M, et al.: Neurology and neuropathology of the pancreatic innervation.
Jop 2002, 3(2):26-33
Jop 2002, 3(2):26-33
==Introduction==
[[File:Pancreas adult.jpg|thumb|Pancreas adult]]
[[File:Pancreas cartoon.jpg|thumb|pancreas structure]]
[[2009_Lecture_9|Lecture- Gastrointestinal Tract Development]] | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/endocrine10.htm UNSW Embryology - Pancreas Development] see also [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/git9.htm GIT Notes- Pancreas]
* Functions - exocrine (amylase, alpha-fetoprotein), 99% by volume; endocrine (pancreatic islets) 1% by volume
* Exocrine function - begins after birth
* Endocrine function -  from 10 to 15 weeks onward hormone release
** exact roles of hormones in regulating fetal growth?
===Pancreas Development===
[[File:Pancreatic_duct_developing.jpg|thumb|Pancreatic buds and duct developing]]
[[File:Stage22_pancreas_a.jpg|thumb|Stage22 pancreas]]
* Pancreatic buds -  duodenal level endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm forms dorsal and ventral mesentery, dorsal bud (larger, first), ventral bud (smaller, later)
* Pancreas Endoderm - pancreas may be opposite of liver
** Heart cells promote/notochord prevents liver formation
** Notochord may promote pancreas formation
** Heart may block pancreas formation
* Duodenum growth/rotation - brings ventral and dorsal buds together, fusion of buds
* Pancreatic duct - ventral bud duct and distal part of dorsal bud, exocrine function
* Islet cells - cords of endodermal cells form ducts, from which cells bud off to form islets
===Pancreatic Islets===
* Islets of Langerhans - 4 endocrine cell types
* '''Alpha''' - glucagon, mobilizes lipid
* '''Beta''' - insulin, increase glucose uptake
** Beta cells, stimulate fetal growth, continue to proliferate to postnatal, in infancy most abundant
* '''Delta''' - somatostatin, inhibits glucagon, insulin secretion
* '''F-cells''' - pancreatic polypeptide
===Pancreas Timeline===
* Week 7 to 20 - pancreatic hormones secretion increases, small amount maternal insulin
* Week 10 - glucagon (alpha) differentiate first, somatostatin (delta), insulin (beta) cells differentiate, insulin secretion begins
* Week 15 - glucagon detectable in fetal plasma

Revision as of 12:36, 30 September 2010

Remodelling sympathetic innervation in rat pancreatic islets ontogeny. Cabrera-Vásquez S, Navarro-Tableros V, Sánchez-Soto C, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Hiriart M. BMC Dev Biol. 2009 Jun 17;9:34. PMID: 19534767

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19534767

"Adult pancreatic β cells secrete insulin in response to an increase in extracellular glucose. At birth, this response is not fully developed as neonate β-cells are insensitive to glucose and synthesize and secrete less insulin than adults [1]. Pancreatic islets are innervated by autonomic fibres. In particular, sympathetic neural cell bodies are located in the superior mesenteric and celiac ganglia and are components of the splanchnic nerve and parasympathetic innervation comes from the vagus nerve [2]."

Conclusion The results suggest that NGF signalling play an important role in the guidance of blood vessels and sympathetic fibres toward the islets during foetal and neonatal stages and could also preserve innervation at later stages of life.


1. Navarro-Tableros V, Fiordelisio T, Hernandez-Cruz A, Hiriart M: Physiological development of insulin secretion, calcium channels, and GLUT2 expression of pancreatic rat beta-cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007, 292(4):E1018-1029.

2. Salvioli B, Bovara M, Barbara G, De Ponti F, Stanghellini V, Tonini M, Guerrini S, Cremon C, Degli Esposti M, Koumandou M, et al.: Neurology and neuropathology of the pancreatic innervation. Jop 2002, 3(2):26-33

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