Talk:Developmental Signals - Sox

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology Developmental Signals - Sox. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Developmental_Signals_-_Sox


2017

Table - Human Sox Family
Approved
Symbol
Approved Name Previous Symbols Synonyms Chromosome
SOX1 SRY-box 1 13q34
SOX2 SRY-box 2 3q26.33
SOX3 SRY-box 3 PHP Xq27.1
SOX4 SRY-box 4 6p22.3
SOX5 SRY-box 5 "L-SOX5, MGC35153" 12p12.1
SOX6 SRY-box 6 11p15.3
SOX7 SRY-box 7 8p23.1
SOX8 SRY-box 8 16p13.3
SOX9 SRY-box 9 "CMD1, CMPD1" SRA1 17q24.3
SOX10 SRY-box 10 "DOM, WS4, WS2E" 22q13.1
SOX11 SRY-box 11 2p25.2
SOX12 SRY-box 12 SOX22 20p13
SOX13 SRY-box 13 "Sox-13, ICA12, MGC117216" 1q32.1
SOX14 SRY-box 14 SOX28 3q22.3
SOX15 SRY-box 15 SOX20 "SOX27, SOX26" 17p13.1
SOX17 SRY-box 17 8q11.23
SOX18 SRY-box 18 20q13.33
SOX21 SRY-box 21 SOX25 13q32.1
SOX30 SRY-box 30 5q33.3
SRY sex determining region Y TDF Yp11.2
    Links: Developmental Signals - Sox | OMIM | HGNC | Tbx Family | Bmp Family | Fgf Family | Pax Family | R-spondin Family | Sox Family | Tbx Family
Approved Symbol Approved Name Previous Symbols Synonyms Chromosome
SOX1 SRY-box 1 13q34
SOX2 SRY-box 2 3q26.33
SOX3 SRY-box 3 PHP Xq27.1
SOX4 SRY-box 4 6p22.3
SOX5 SRY-box 5 "L-SOX5, MGC35153" 12p12.1
SOX6 SRY-box 6 11p15.3
SOX7 SRY-box 7 8p23.1
SOX8 SRY-box 8 16p13.3
SOX9 SRY-box 9 "CMD1, CMPD1" SRA1 17q24.3
SOX10 SRY-box 10 "DOM, WS4, WS2E" 22q13.1
SOX11 SRY-box 11 2p25.2
SOX12 SRY-box 12 SOX22 20p13
SOX13 SRY-box 13 "Sox-13, ICA12, MGC117216" 1q32.1
SOX14 SRY-box 14 SOX28 3q22.3
SOX15 SRY-box 15 SOX20 "SOX27, SOX26" 17p13.1
SOX17 SRY-box 17 8q11.23
SOX18 SRY-box 18 20q13.33
SOX21 SRY-box 21 SOX25 13q32.1
SOX30 SRY-box 30 5q33.3
SRY sex determining region Y TDF Yp11.2

2015

Genes expressed in mouse cortical progenitors are enriched in Pax, Lhx, and Sox transcription factor putative binding sites

Brain Res. 2015 Dec 23. pii: S0006-8993(15)00961-0. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.022. [Epub ahead of print]

Bery A1, Mérot Y2, Rétaux S3.

Abstract

Considerable progress has been made in the understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling the development of the mammalian cortex. The proliferative and neurogenic properties of cortical progenitors located in the ventricular germinal zone start being understood. Little is known however on the cis-regulatory control that finely tunes gene expression in these progenitors. Here, we undertook an in silico-based approach to address this question, followed by some functional validation. Using the Eurexpress database, we established a list of 30 genes specifically expressed in the cortical germinal zone, we selected mouse/human conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) around these genes and we performed motif-enrichment search in these CNEs. We found an over-representation of motifs corresponding to binding sites for Pax, Sox, and Lhx transcription factors, often found as pairs and located within 100bp windows. A small subset of CNEs (n=7) was tested for enhancer activity, by ex-vivo and in utero electroporation assays. Two showed strong enhancer activity in the germinal zone progenitors. Mutagenesis experiments on a selected CNE showed the functional importance of the Pax, Sox, and Lhx TFBS for conferring enhancer activity to the CNE. Overall, from a cis-regulatory viewpoint, our data suggest an input from Pax, Sox and Lhx transcription factors to orchestrate corticogenesis. These results are discussed with regards to the known functional roles of Pax6, Sox2 and Lhx2 in cortical development. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KEYWORDS: Enhancer activity; Lhx2; Motif search; Mutagenesis; Non-coding regulatory element; in vivo electroporation

PMID 26721689

2013

Just how conserved is vertebrate sex determination?

Dev Dyn. 2013 Feb 6. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.23944. [Epub ahead of print]

Cutting A, Chue J, Smith CA. Source Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Childrens Hospital, Parkville, VIC. 3052; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.

Abstract

Sex determination in vertebrate embryos has long been equated with gonadal differentiation into testes or ovaries. This view has been challenged over the years by reports of somatic sexual dimorphisms pre-dating gonadal sex differentiation. The recent finding that sex determination in birds is likely to be cell autonomous has again called for a broader definition of sex determination. The development of sexual identity in each and every cell may apply widely among vertebrates, and may involve more than one "master sex gene" on a sex chromosome. At the gonadal level, key genes required for proper sexual differentiation are conserved among vertebrates, but their relative positions in the ovarian and testicular cascades differ. We illustrate these differences by comparing key sex genes in fishes versus birds and mammals, with emphasis on DM domain genes, the SOX-9AMH pathway in the testis and the FOXL2-Aromatase pathway in the ovary. Such comparisons facilitate the identification of ancient versus derived genes involved in gonadal sex determination. The data indicate that vertebrate sex-determining cascades are not as conserved as once thought. Developmental Dynamics, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. ©2013. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

PMID 23390004


Control of Cell Fate and Differentiation by Sry-related High-mobility-group Box (Sox) Transcription Factors

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080623/?tool=pubmed


2010

PLoS One. 2010 Nov 12;5(11):e13952. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013952. Sox2 is essential for formation of trophectoderm in the preimplantation embryo.

Keramari M1, Razavi J, Ingman KA, Patsch C, Edenhofer F, Ward CM, Kimber SJ. Author information Abstract BACKGROUND: In preimplantation mammalian development the transcription factor Sox2 (SRY-related HMG-box gene 2) forms a complex with Oct4 and functions in maintenance of self-renewal of the pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM). Previously it was shown that Sox2-/- embryos die soon after implantation. However, maternal Sox2 transcripts may mask an earlier phenotype. We investigated whether Sox2 is involved in controlling cell fate decisions at an earlier stage. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We addressed the question of an earlier role for Sox2 using RNAi, which removes both maternal and embryonic Sox2 mRNA present during the preimplantation period. By depleting both maternal and embryonic Sox2 mRNA at the 2-cell stage and monitoring embryo development in vitro we show that, in the absence of Sox2, embryos arrest at the morula stage and fail to form trophectoderm (TE) or cavitate. Following knock-down of Sox2 via three different short interfering RNA (siRNA) constructs in 2-cell stage mouse embryos, we have shown that the majority of embryos (76%) arrest at the morula stage or slightly earlier and only 18.7-21% form blastocysts compared to 76.2-83% in control groups. In Sox2 siRNA-treated embryos expression of pluripotency associated markers Oct4 and Nanog remained unaffected, whereas TE associated markers Tead4, Yap, Cdx2, Eomes, Fgfr2, as well as Fgf4, were downregulated in the absence of Sox2. Apoptosis was also increased in Sox2 knock-down embryos. Rescue experiments using cell-permeant Sox2 protein resulted in increased blastocyst formation from 18.7% to 62.6% and restoration of Sox2, Oct4, Cdx2 and Yap protein levels in the rescued Sox2-siRNA blastocysts. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that the first essential function of Sox2 in the preimplantation mouse embryo is to facilitate establishment of the trophectoderm lineage. Our findings provide a novel insight into the first differentiation event within the preimplantation embryo, namely the segregation of the ICM and TE lineages. PMID: 21103067 PMCID: PMC2980489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013952


The SoxD transcription factors--Sox5, Sox6, and Sox13--are key cell fate modulators

Lefebvre V. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 Mar;42(3):429-32. Epub 2009 Jul 30. Review. PMID: 19647094 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

All purpose Sox: The many roles of Sox proteins in gene expression

Wegner M. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 Mar;42(3):381-90. Epub 2009 Jul 22. Review. PMID: 19631281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2009

The emerging role of SOX transcription factors in pancreatic endocrine cell development and function

McDonald E, Krishnamurthy M, Goodyer CG, Wang R. Stem Cells Dev. 2009 Dec;18(10):1379-88. Review. PMID: 19725755 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

The Yin and Yang of Sox proteins: Activation and repression in development and disease

Chew LJ, Gallo V. J Neurosci Res. 2009 Nov 15;87(15):3277-87. Review. PMID: 19437544 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


2008

Control of chondrogenesis by the transcription factor Sox9

Akiyama H. Mod Rheumatol. 2008;18(3):213-9. Epub 2008 Mar 20. Review. PMID: 18351289 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


SoxE proteins are differentially required in mouse adrenal gland development

Mol Biol Cell. 2008 Apr;19(4):1575-86. Epub 2008 Feb 13.

Reiprich S, Stolt CC, Schreiner S, Parlato R, Wegner M.

Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. Abstract Sry-box (Sox)8, Sox9, and Sox10 are all strongly expressed in the neural crest. Here, we studied the influence of these closely related transcription factors on the developing adrenal medulla as one prominent neural crest derivative. Whereas Sox9 was not expressed, both Sox8 and Sox10 occurred widely in neural crest cells migrating to the adrenal gland and in the gland itself, and they were down-regulated in cells expressing catecholaminergic traits. Sox10-deficient mice lacked an adrenal medulla. The adrenal anlage was never colonized by neural crest cells, which failed to specify properly at the dorsal aorta and died apoptotically during migration. Furthermore, mutant neural crest cells did not express Sox8. Strong adrenal phenotypes were also observed when the Sox10 dimerization domain was inactivated or when a transactivation domain in the central portion was deleted. Sox8 in contrast had only minimal influence on adrenal gland development. Phenotypic consequences became only visible in Sox8-deficient mice upon additional deletion of one Sox10 allele. Replacement of Sox10 by Sox8, however, led to significant rescue of the adrenal medulla, indicating that functional differences between the two related Sox proteins contribute less to the different adrenal phenotypes of the null mutants than dependence of Sox8 expression on Sox10.

PMID: 18272785

Back to basics: Sox genes

Kiefer JC. Dev Dyn. 2007 Aug;236(8):2356-66. Review. PMID: 17584862