Talk:Cardiovascular System Development

From Embryology
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A new role for the human placenta as a hematopoietic site throughout gestation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19208786

We investigated whether the human placenta contributes to embryonic and fetal hematopoietic development. Two cell populations--CD34(++)CD45(low) and CD34( +)CD45(low)--were found in chorionic villi. CD34(++) CD45(low) cells display many markers that are characteristic of multipotent primitive hematopoietic progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells. Clonogenic in vitro assays showed that CD34(++)CD45( low) cells contained colony-forming units-culture with myeloid and erythroid potential and differentiated into CD56(+) natural killer cells and CD19(+) B cells in culture. CD34(+)CD45(low) cells were mostly enriched in erythroid- and myeloid-committed progenitors. While the number of CD34(++)CD45(low) cells increased throughout gestation in parallel with placental mass. However, their density (cells per gram of tissue) reached its peak at 5 to 8 weeks, decreasing more than 7-fold from the ninth week onward. In addition to multipotent progenitors, the placenta contained intermediate progenitors, indicative of active hematopoiesis. Together, these data suggest that the human placenta is potentially an important hematopoietic organ, opening the possibility of banking placental hematopoietic stem cells along with cord blood for transplantation.


  • Endothelial cell lineages of the heart. Ishii Y, Langberg J, Rosborough K, Mikawa T. Cell Tissue Res. 2009 Jan;335(1):67-73. Epub 2008 Aug 6. Review. PMID: 18682987 | PMC: 2729171

The links in this next sections are to the original 2008 online notes pages for Cardiovascular System Development.

Cardiovascular Notes Introduction | Abnormalities | Stage 13/14 | Stage 22 | Stage 22 Selected Highpower | Heart | Heart Rate | BloodBlood Vessels | Molecular | Lymphatic | Text only page | WWW Links | Postnatal | History - Harvey

Cardiovascular Movies Heart Movies | Heart Looping | Atrial Septation | Realignment | Ventricular Septation | Heart Septation Models | Historic Heart Movie |

Other Cardiac and Vascular Movies Fetal Circulation (Before Birth) | Circulation (After Birth) | Aortic Branches to Glands (Kidneys only) | Aortic Branches to Glands (Gonads only)


Coronary Vessels

  • Origin, fate, and function of epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) in normal and abnormal cardiac development.[1] Lie-Venema H, van den Akker NM, Bax NA, Winter EM, Maas S, Kekarainen T, Hoeben RC, deRuiter MC, Poelmann RE, Gittenberger-de Groot AC. ScientificWorldJournal. 2007 Nov 12;7:1777-98. Review. PMID: 18040540 | PDF full article
  • Cellular and molecular mechanisms of coronary vessel development.[2] Mu H, Ohashi R, Lin P, Yao Q, Chen C. Vasc Med. 2005 Feb;10(1):37-44. Review. PMID: 15920999


http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Pubmed


  • Development of innervation of coronary arteries in human foetus up until 230 mm. stage (mid-term). Br Heart J. 1970 Jan;32(1):108-13.

Smith RB.

PMID: 5417838

  • Innervation of the coronary vessels is initiated before the 30mm. stage of development.
  • All the main branches of the coronary arteries are formed and in their definitive positions by the 40 mm. stage.
  • Two plexuses have been shown for all the larger vessels after the 120 mm. stage.
  • There are coarse-fibre and fine-fibre plexuses, situated at different levels in the tunica adventitia.
  • Ganglion cells have been found in relation to the coronary arteries over the ventricles.
  • This confirms the part played by the vagal system in the innervation of the ventricle.
  • No nerve endings were seen in the tunica media.

References

  1. <pubmed>18040540</pubmed>
  2. <pubmed>15920999</pubmed>