Talk:Cardiovascular System - Lymphatic Development
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 23) Embryology Cardiovascular System - Lymphatic Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Cardiovascular_System_-_Lymphatic_Development |
2010
The embryonic origins of lymphatic vessels: an historical review
Ribatti D, Crivellato E. Br J Haematol. 2010 Jan 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20067566
- "Summary Work on the lymphatic system began in the 17th century, and by the beginning of the 19th century the anatomy of most of the lymphatic system had been described. One of the most important questions in this field has been the determination of the embryological origin of the lymphatic endothelium. Two theories were proposed. The first suggested that lymphatic endothelium derived by sprouting from venous endothelium, the so-called centrifugal theory. The second, the so-called centripetal theory, suggested that lymphatic endothelium differentiates in situ from primitive mesenchyme, and secondarily acquires connection with the vascular system. More recent evidence has provided support for both hypotheses."
2009
Lymphatic development
Butler MG, Isogai S, Weinstein BM. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2009 Sep;87(3):222-31. Review. PMID: 19750516
- "The lymphatic system is essential for fluid homeostasis, immune responses, and fat absorption, and is involved in many pathological processes, including tumor metastasis and lymphedema. Despite its importance, progress in understanding the origins and early development of this system has been hampered by lack of defining molecular markers and difficulties in observing lymphatic cells in vivo and performing genetic and experimental manipulation of the lymphatic system. Recent identification of new molecular markers, new genes with important functional roles in lymphatic development, and new experimental models for studying lymphangiogenesis has begun to yield important insights into the emergence and assembly of this important tissue. This review focuses on the mechanisms regulating development of the lymphatic vasculature during embryogenesis."
Lymph node lymphangiogenesis: a new concept for modulating tumor metastasis and inflammatory process
Ji RC. Histol Histopathol. 2009 Mar;24(3):377-84. Review. PMID: 19130407
2008
Observations on the prenatal development of human lymphatic vessels with focus on basic structural elements of lymph flow
Lymphat Res Biol. 2008;6(2):89-95.
Petrenko VM, Gashev AA. Department of Human Anatomy, St. Petersburg State Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prenatal development of human lymphatic systems has not attracted enough attention by lymphatic researchers in the past. Yet clearly these critical, early events determine the fate and function of the human lymphatic system.
METHODS AND RESULTS: The main focus of these studies was to investigate the embryonic development of human lymphangions including lymphatic valves and muscle cells, to better understand the prenatal formation of basic structural elements of lymph flow. This review in most of its parts is a short summary of the findings. It provides important information necessary for understanding the development and functioning of the human lymphatic system.
CONCLUSIONS: The structural basis of the active lymph transport system--the lymphatic muscle cells and lymphatic valves--which is absolutely necessary for all functions of lymphatic system, is already formed during the first half of the prenatal development in humans. During the second half of this development maturation of this system is already underway. The enlargement of lymphatic muscle cells together with increases in their quantity leads to formation of the multi-layered lymphatic vessel wall, able to develop contractions strong enough to propel lymph downstream of the lymphatic channels against gravity in bipedal humans. The development of the competent valves in lymphatic vessels occurs at the same time creating the ground for effective net, unidirectional lymph flow. The data summarized here represents some of the first systematic studies of the prenatal development of lymphatic muscle cells and valves in humans.
PMID: 18564924 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18564924
http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/lrb.2008.1001
Lineage tracing demonstrates the venous origin of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature
Genes Dev. 2007 Oct 1;21(19):2422-32.
Srinivasan RS, Dillard ME, Lagutin OV, Lin FJ, Tsai S, Tsai MJ, Samokhvalov IM, Oliver G. Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
Comment in: Lymphat Res Biol. 2007;5(4):275-6.
Abstract
The origin of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature has been debated for more than 100 years. Whether lymphatic endothelial cells have a single or dual, venous or mesenchymal origin remains controversial. To resolve this debate, we performed Cre/loxP-based lineage-tracing studies using mouse strains expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the Tie2, Runx1, or Prox1 promoter elements. These studies, together with the analysis of Runx1-mutant embryos lacking definitive hematopoiesis, conclusively determined that from venous-derived lymph sacs, lymphatic endothelial cells sprouted, proliferated, and migrated to give rise to the entire lymphatic vasculature, and that hematopoietic cells did not contribute to the developing lymph sacs. We conclude that the mammalian lymphatic system has a solely venous origin. PMID: 17908929
1986
The popliteal lymph node of the mouse: internal architecture, vascular distribution and lymphatic supply
J Anat. 1986 Oct;148:25-46.
Kowala MC, Schoefl GI. Department of Experimental Pathology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT.
Abstract
The architecture of the mouse popliteal lymph nodes differs from that shown in conventional diagrams. The cortical lymphoid tissue, rather than forming a continuous outer layer, is organised into one or two hemispherical aggregates which project towards the hilus. These aggregates are surrounded by medullary tissue which thus extends to large areas of the surface of the node. The vascular distribution in the lymphoid aggregates is relatively sparse and contrasts with the dense meshwork of capillaries and venules around them. It also contrasts with the high vascularity of medullary tissue. Arterial vessels, especially those of larger calibre, are predominantly seen in the hilar area of the node suggesting that there is extensive branching as the artery enters the node. Capillaries associated with the lymphoid aggregates are usually lined by continuous endothelium, while those in the medulla are generally of the fenestrated type. The microcirculation has an extensive venous capacity and many venous segments are high endothelium venules whose walls are permeated by lymphocytes. Each node receives one or two afferent lymphatic vessels and is drained by up to four or five efferent lymphatic vessels. In approximately half the nodes examined, there were extranodal communications between afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels allowing some lymph to bypass the node. PMID: 3693091
Historic
On the origin of the lymphatic system from the veins and the development of the lymph hearts and thoracic duct in the pig
Sabin, F. R. (1902).
Am. J. Anat. 1, 367-389.
The lymphatic system in human embryos, with a consideration of the morphology of the system as a whole
Sabin, F. R. (1909).
Am. J. Anat. 9, 43-91.
