Talk:Bovine Development

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology Bovine Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Bovine_Development

Bovine development original page

Animation http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/resource-room/reprod/all/animations/pregnancy_cow.htm

10 Most Recent

Note - This sub-heading shows an automated computer PubMed search using the listed sub-heading term. References appear in this list based upon the date of the actual page viewing. Therefore the list of references do not reflect any editorial selection of material based on content or relevance. In comparison, references listed on the content page and discussion page (under the publication year sub-headings) do include editorial selection based upon relevance and availability. (More? Pubmed Most Recent)

Bovine Embryology

<pubmed limit=5>Bovine Embryology</pubmed>

Bovine Development

<pubmed limit=5>Bovine Development</pubmed>

2013

Effects of long-term in vitro culturing of transgenic bovine donor fibroblasts on cell viability and in vitro developmental potential after nuclear transfer

In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2013 Mar 22. [Epub ahead of print]

Bressan FF, Miranda MS, Bajgelman MC, Perecin F, Mesquita LG, Fantinato-Neto P, Merighe GF, Strauss BE, Meirelles FV. Source Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engeneering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, fabianabressan@usp.br.

Abstract

Genetically modified animals have numerous applications, ranging from basic research to livestock production and agriculture. Recent progress in animal cloning by nuclear transfer has made possible the production of transgenic animals using previously genetically modified cell lineages. However, to produce such lineages, an additional time for in vitro culturing and great manipulation is needed. Herein, we aimed to characterize different aspects of genetically modified cells compared to control cells, and we also analyzed the development rate of embryos produced by nuclear transfer by using them as nuclei donors after short or long periods of in vitro culturing (early versus late passages). We hypothesized that the genetic material inserted in the genome of these cells, associated with the prolonged time in culture, ultimately alters cell growth physiology and cell viability, which leads to impaired nuclei reprogramming potential and consequent reduction in the production of cloned blastocysts. Fetal fibroblasts expressing the enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein gene (eGFP) cultured for different periods in vitro were analyzed with respect to chromosomal numeric abnormalities, nuclear DNA fragmentation, the ratio of BAX and BCL2 gene transcripts, and the intensity of mitochondrial membrane potential, and they were then used as nuclei donors for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Early passages were defined as fewer than 11 passages, and late passages were 18th passage (18thp) to 21stp. No differences were observed in the percentage of cells with chromosomal abnormalities or in the mitochondrial membrane potential analysis. eGFP cells in late passages and control cells in early passages were not different regarding DNA fragmentation; however, control cells in late passages presented higher fragmentation (P < 0.05). The Bax and Bcl2 gene expression ratio in control and transgenic cells presented different patterns regarding cell conditions during culture. For SCNT experiments, no difference was observed between groups reconstructed with early or late-passage cells when fusion (63.1% and 49%), cleavage (67.7% and 69.9%), eight-cell embryo (36.4% and 44.4%) and blastocyst (21.6% and 20.8%) rates were compared. In conclusion, culture behavior was different between control and eGFP cells. However, when different in vitro culturing periods were compared, long-term cultured transgenic fetal fibroblasts remained competent for blastocyst production when used as nuclei donors in the nuclear transfer technique, a feature needed for the genetic manipulation of cell culture experiments aiming for transgenic animal production.

PMID 23519559

2012

Global gene expression of the inner cell mass and trophectoderm of the bovine blastocyst

BMC Dev Biol. 2012 Nov 6;12:33. doi: 10.1186/1471-213X-12-33.

Ozawa M, Sakatani M, Yao J, Shanker S, Yu F, Yamashita R, Wakabayashi S, Nakai K, Dobbs KB, Sudano MJ, Farmerie WG, Hansen PJ. Source Department of Animal Sciences and D,H, Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0910, USA. Hansen@animal.ufl.edu. Abstract ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The first distinct differentiation event in mammals occurs at the blastocyst stage when totipotent blastomeres differentiate into either pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM) or multipotent trophectoderm (TE). Here we determined, for the first time, global gene expression patterns in the ICM and TE isolated from bovine blastocysts. The ICM and TE were isolated from blastocysts harvested at day 8 after insemination by magnetic activated cell sorting, and cDNA sequenced using the SOLiD 4.0 system. RESULTS: A total of 870 genes were differentially expressed between ICM and TE. Several genes characteristic of ICM (for example, NANOG, SOX2, and STAT3) and TE (ELF5, GATA3, and KRT18) in mouse and human showed similar patterns in bovine. Other genes, however, showed differences in expression between ICM and TE that deviates from the expected based on mouse and human. CONCLUSION: Analysis of gene expression indicated that differentiation of blastomeres of the morula-stage embryo into the ICM and TE of the blastocyst is accompanied by differences between the two cell lineages in expression of genes controlling metabolic processes, endocytosis, hatching from the zona pellucida, paracrine and endocrine signaling with the mother, and genes supporting the changes in cellular architecture, stemness, and hematopoiesis necessary for development of the trophoblast.


"In conclusion, differentiation of blastomeres of the morula-stage embryo into the ICM and TE of the blastocyst is accompanied by differences between the two cell lineages in expression of genes controlling metabolic processes, endocytosis, hatching from the zona pellucida, paracrine and endocrine signaling with the mother, and genes supporting the changes in cellular architecture, stemness, and hematopoiesis necessary for development of the trophoblast. Much of the process leading to this first differentiation event seems to be under the control of genes such as NANOG and GATA3 that play central role in lineage commitment in the mouse. As found by others also [6,42], there are fundamental differences from the mouse. Understanding the nature of the process of preimplantation development in mammals will necessarily require a comparative approach based on study of a variety of animal models."

PMID 23126590

Expression of pluripotency master regulators during two key developmental transitions: EGA and early lineage specification in the bovine embryo

PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e34110. Epub 2012 Mar 29.

Khan DR, Dubé D, Gall L, Peynot N, Ruffini S, Laffont L, Le Bourhis D, Degrelle S, Jouneau A, Duranthon V. Source INRA UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France.

Abstract

Pluripotency genes are implicated in mouse embryonic genome activation (EGA) and pluripotent lineage specification. Moreover, their expression levels have been correlated with embryonic term development. In bovine, however, little information is available about dynamics of pluripotency genes during these processes. In this study, we charted quantitative and/or qualitative spatio-temporal expression patterns of transcripts and proteins of pluripotency genes (OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG) and mRNA levels of some of their downstream targets in bovine oocytes and early embryos. Furthermore, to correlate expression patterns of these genes with term developmental potential, we used cloned embryos, having similar in vitro but different full term development rates. Our findings affirm: firstly, the core triad of pluripotency genes is probably not implicated in bovine EGA since their proteins were not detected during pre-EGA phase, despite the transcripts for OCT4 and SOX2 were present. Secondly, an earlier ICM specification of transcripts and proteins of SOX2 and NANOG makes them pertinent candidates of bovine pluripotent lineage specification than OCT4. Thirdly, embryos with low term development potential have higher transcription rates; nevertheless, precarious balance between pluripotency genes is maintained. This balance presages normal in vitro development but, probably higher transcription rate disturbs it at later stage that abrogates term development.

PMID 22479535

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3315523

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034110

2010

A small set of extra-embryonic genes defines a new landmark for bovine embryo staging

Reproduction. 2010 Oct 6. [Epub ahead of print]

Degrelle SA, Le Cao KA, Heyman Y, Everts RE, Campion E, Richard C, Ducroix-Crepy C, Tian C, Lewin H, Renard JP, Robert-Granié C, Hue I.

S Degrelle, UMR Biologie du Developpement et Reproduction, INRA, JOUY EN JOSAS, 78350, France. Abstract Axis specification in the mouse is determined by a sequence of reciprocal interactions between embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues so that a few extra-embryonic genes appear as 'patterning' the embryo. Considering these interactions as essential but lacking in most mammals the genetically driven approaches used in the mouse and the corresponding patterning mutants, we examined whether a molecular signature originating from extra-embryonic tissues could relate to the developmental stage of the embryo proper and predict it. To this aim we profiled bovine extra-embryonic tissues at peri-implantation stages, when gastrulation and early neurulation occur, and analysed the subsequent expression profiles through the use of predictive methods as previously reported for tumour classification. A set of 6 genes (CALM1, CPA3, CITED1, DLD, HNRNPDL, TGFB3), half of which had not been previously associated to any extra-embryonic feature, appeared significantly discriminative and mainly dependent on embryonic tissues for its faithful expression. The predictive value of this set of genes for gastrulation and early neurulation stages, as assessed on naïve samples, was remarkably high (93%). In silico connected to the bovine orthologues of the mouse patterning genes, this gene set is proposed as new trait for embryo staging. As such, this will allow saving the bovine embryo proper for molecular or cellular studies. To us, it offers as well new perspectives for developmental phenotyping and modelling of embryonic/extra-embryonic co-differentiation.

PMID: 20926692

Modulation of the maternal immune system by the pre-implantation embryo

BMC Genomics. 2010 Aug 13;11:474.

Walker CG, Meier S, Littlejohn MD, Lehnert K, Roche JR, Mitchell MD.

DairyNZ Ltd,, Hamilton, New Zealand. Caroline.Walker@dairynz.co.nz Abstract BACKGROUND: A large proportion of pregnancy losses occur during the pre-implantation period, when the developing embryo is elongating rapidly and signalling its presence to the maternal system. The molecular mechanisms that prevent luteolysis and support embryo survival within the maternal environment are not well understood. To gain a more complete picture of these molecular events, genome-wide transcriptional profiles of reproductive day 17 endometrial tissue were determined in pregnant and cyclic Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle.

RESULTS: Microarray analyses revealed 1,839 and 1,189 differentially expressed transcripts between pregnant and cyclic animals (with > or = 1.5 fold change in expression; P-value < 0.05, MTC Benjamini-Hochberg) in caruncular and intercaruncular endometrium respectively. Gene ontology and biological pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed enrichment for genes involved in interferon signalling and modulation of the immune response in pregnant animals.

CONCLUSION: The maternal immune system actively surveys the uterine environment during early pregnancy. The embryo modulates this response inducing the expression of endometrial molecules that suppress the immune response and promote maternal tolerance to the embryo. During this period of local immune suppression, genes of the innate immune response (in particular, antimicrobial genes) may function to protect the uterus against infection.

PMID: 20707927

http://www.biolreprod.org/content/79/6/1219.full

"The number of morphologically healthy oocytes in the ovaries of mammals is remarkably variable at birth, ranging, for example, from 350 000 to 1 100 000 in humans [1–3] and approximately 14 000 to 250 000 in cattle [4, 5]"

2006

Dynamics of global transcriptome in bovine matured oocytes and preimplantation embryos

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 12;103(50):18905-10. Epub 2006 Dec 1.

Misirlioglu M, Page GP, Sagirkaya H, Kaya A, Parrish JJ, First NL, Memili E.

Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.

Abstract Global activation of the embryonic genome is the most critical event in early mammalian development. After fertilization, a rich supply of maternal proteins and RNAs support development whereas a number of zygotic and embryonic genes are expressed in a stage-specific manner leading to embryonic genome activation (EGA). However, the identities of embryonic genes expressed and the mechanism(s) of EGA are poorly defined in the bovine. Using the Affymetrix bovine-specific DNA microarray as the biggest available array at present, we analyzed gene expression at two key stages of bovine development, matured oocytes (MII) and 8-cell-stage embryos, constituting the ultimate reservoir for life and a stage during which EGA takes place, respectively. Key genes in regulation of transcription, chromatin-structure cell adhesion, and signal transduction were up-regulated at the 8-cell stage as compared with 8-cell embryos treated with alpha-amanitin and MII. Genes controlling DNA methylation and metabolism were up-regulated in MII. These changes in gene expression, related to transcriptional machinery, chromatin structure, and the other cellular functions occurring during several cleavage stages, are expected to result in a unique chromatin structure capable of maintaining totipotency during embryogenesis and leading to differentiation during postimplantation development. Dramatic reprogramming of gene expression at the onset of development also has implications for cell plasticity in somatic cell nuclear transfer, genomic imprinting, and cancer.

PMID: 17142320

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17142320

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1748150