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==CHAPTER XVII THE EAR==  
==GLOSSARY==




The organ of hearing is divided into three parts—the external,  
Terms still in common use, though now ‘discardedare included in this list,  
middle, and internal ear.  
with a certain number of proper names coming in the same category.  




External Ear.  
Abdomen, a word of uncertain derivation, but possibly from abdo,
I hide or conceal.  


The external ear consists of the auricle (or pinna) and the external
Aberrant, wandering from the normal
auditory meatus. The former has been already described (see p. 1294)*
source.  
The external auditory meatus extends from the bottom of the
concha to the membrana tympani, and is about 1 inch in length.
It consists of two parts—outer, or cartilaginous, and inner, or osseous.
The cartilaginous part, which is also fibrous, is about J inch in length,
and the osseous part, which lies within the petrous portion of the
temporal bone, is about § inch long. The widest part of the meatus
is its orifice, which is oval, the long measurement being vertica .
The narrowest part is situated in its osseous portion, about T mch
from the tympanic membrane, and it is known as the isthmus. There
is another constriction of the canal situated near the deep end of t e
cartilaginous part, and produced by a projection which is placed
antero-inferiorly. The chief direction of the canal is inwards and
slightly forwards. At first it is also inclined upwards, then backwards,


and finally downwards. . ,
Acervulus, a little heap.  


The cartilaginous part is continuous with the cartilage of the auricle,  
Acervulus cerebri, brain-sand.  
and is attached to the external auditory process of the temporal bone.  
Its cartilage is folded so as to form a deep groove which is open at its
upper and back part, the cartilaginous deficiency being completed
by fibrous tissue. In the anterior wall of the cartilaginous part are
two clefts (called the fissures of Santorini ) which are occupied by fibrous
Ssuf In important and close inferior relation of the cartilaginous


meatus is the parotid gland (see Fig. 1027). ,
Acetabulum, a vessel for holding
vinegar; a juggler’s cup. But
used by Pliny to signify hipsocket.  


The osseous part has been described in connection with the temporal
Acinus, any juicy berry with stones
hone (d IQ4) At its deep end there is a narrow groove, called the  
— e.g., the grape; the kernel in the  
sulcus tvmianicus, which forms about five-sixths of a circle, the
berry.


deficiency being placed superiorly, at the V^femporaf^The
Acrocephalous, having a pointed or
rinp- ic completed by the squamous part of the temporal bone, me
conical head.


tympanic membrane is set obliquely within the tympanic sulcus
Acromion, the point or summit of  
being inclined in such a way that its front part is nearer the nudd
the shoulder.  
line of the body than its back, and its lower part nearer the middle
line than the upper. The floor and anterior wall of the meatus
consequently longer than the roof and posterior wall.  


^ 1671
Acusticus, a, um, pertaining to sound,
or to the sense of hearing.


Adamantoblast, enamel germ cell.


Adductor canal, subsartorial canal.


1672
Adenoid, glandular.


Aditus, an approach or access.


A MANUAL OF ANATOMY
Adrenal, near to the kidney.


Advehens, carrying to.


The meatus is lined with skin, which is continuous with that of
Afferent, carrying to.  
the auricle. In the osseous part of the canal the skin is very thin,
and is provided with vascular papillae, but is destitute of glands and
hairs.. It is reflected over the outer surface of the membrana tympani,
of which it forms the outer layer. In the cartilaginous part of the canal
the skin is thicker, and is provided with hairs, connected with the
follicles of which are sebaceous glands. In addition to these there are
convoluted tubular glands, similar in structure to sweat-glands, and
called the ceruminous glands, which secrete the ear-wax.  


Blood-supply.—The arteries are derived from the posterior auricular
Agger, a mound or rampart.  
of the external carotid, the deep auricular of the first part of the maxil


Upper Part ofHelix
Agminated, disposed in columns.


Ala, a wing.


Lateral Ligament of the Malleus
Ala cinera, vagal triangle.


1
Albicans, white.


Incus
Albuginea, whitish.


Alcock’s canal, pudendal canal.


Semicircular Canals
Allantois, sausage-like.


Alveolus, a little trough.


Concha
Alveus, a trough.


Amacrine, without a long fibre.


External Auditory
Ambiguus, dark, obscure.
Meatus


Ameloblast, enamel germ.


Ammonis, cornu, horn of Ammon,
who was represented as having
the head of a ram.


Malleus
Vestibule
__ Cochlea
x , Tympanum


Tensor Tympani Muscle
Amphiarthrosis, literally, articulation on both sides. Secondary
cartilaginous joint (fibro-cartilage).


Apex of Pet. Portion
Ampulla, a flask.  
of Temporal Bone


_Anterior Lig. of
Amygdala, an almond.  


the Malleus
Anastomosis, literally, an outlet; the  
communication of branches of
vessels with one another.


-Internal Carotid
Anconeus, pertaining to the elbow.


Artery
Ankylosis, bony union between two
bones which are normally separate.


Annulus, a little ring.


Lobule
Ansa, a handle, loop, or brace.


Pharyngotympanic Tube
Ansa cervicis, ansa hypoglossi.


Anserinus, pertaining to a goose.


Parotid Gland
Antecubital, in front of the elbow.


Antibrachium, forearm.


Tip of Styloid Process of
Anticubital fossa, cubital fossa.
Temporal Bone


Anticus, in front, anterior.


Tympanic Membrane
Antinion, opposite to the inion.


Iug. 1027. General View of the Right Organ of Hearing (after
Antrum, a cave or cavity.  


Hirschfeld and Leveill£).  
Antrum of Highmore, maxillary
sinus.  


The external ear and middle ear are seen in section.  
Antrum, mastoid, tympanic antrum.  


Anus, a ring.


iary, and the anterior auricular branches of the superficial temporal.
Aorta, literally, the lower end of the  
The veins follow the course of the arteries.  
trachea; a carrier.  


Lymphatics. These pass to the mastoid glands and to the preauricular lymphatic glands.  
Apertura piriformis, anterior aspect
of nose.  


Nerves. The auriculo-temporal nerve gives two branches to the
Aponeurosis, an expansion from a
meatus, upper and lower, which enter it by passing between the
tendon.  
cartilaginous and osseous walls. The upper branch supplies the skin
covering the upper part of the membrana tympani, while the auricular
branch (Arnold s nerve) of the vagus supplies that of the osseous
part of the canal in its lower and back part, and also that covering
the lower part of the membrana tympani.  


Early Condition of the Meatus.—At birth the osseous part of the
Aponeurosis, lumbar, lumbar fascia.  


canal is represented by the tympanic annulus and a small portion of
Aponeurosis, pharyngeal, pharyngobasilar fascia.


Apophysis (‘ grow from ’), a process
or swelling on a bone.


Appendix ventriculi laryngis, saccule.


Aqueductus cerebri, aqueduct of




mid-brain.


Aqueductus Fallopii, facial canal.
Arachnoid, like a spider’s web.


1698








GLOSSARY 1699




Arantii, corpus, nodule (in cusps of
aortic and pulmonary valves).


Archenteron, primitive intestine.


Arcuatus, curved.


Area acustica, vestibular area.


Areola, a small open place.


Arnold’s ganglion, otic ganglion.


THE EAR
Arnold’s nerve, tympanic nerve.


Artery, literally, an air vessel; the
trachea was known as the arteria
aspera; a bloodvessel which carries
the blood from the heart.


1673
Arthrodia, from the Greek word
meaning * a joint ’; applied to a
gliding joint.


the squamous part of the temporal bone. It is connected by fibrous
Arthrosis, plane joint.  
tissue to the cartilaginous framework of the auricle, and within this
fibrous tissue the osseous canal is formed by two outgrowths from the
tympanic annulus.  


Arytenoid, pitcher-like.


Middle Ear.  
Ascending frontal convolution, precentral convolution.  


I he middle ear, or tympanum, is an irregular space within the
Ascending parietal convolution, postcentral convolution.  
petrous part of the temporal bone, which lies between the membrana
tympani externally and the outer osseous wall of the internal ear or
labyrinth internally. It is lined with mucous membrane, and it
communicates with the naso-pharynx by means of the pharyngotympanic tube, through which it receives air. It has three parts:
(1) the tympanum proper, or cavum tympani; (2) the attic, or epitympanic recess; and (3) the tympanic or mastoid antrum.  


The tympanum proper (or cavum tympani) is situated between the
Aspera, rough.  
tympanic membrane and the outer wall of the internal ear. Its
contents are as follows:


1. A chain of ossicles (malleus,
Asterion, a star.  


incus, and stapes), with
Astragalus, the ankle-bone; a die
their ligaments.  
(pi. dice); talus.  


2. Muscles.  
Atlas, a support; refers to Atlas,
who carried the earth on his
neck.  


The vertical and antero-posterior diameters (inclusive of the attic)
Atresia, imperforation.  
are fully \ inch. The transverse measurement is from | to £ inch,  
except opposite the centre of the membrana tympani, where it is
only T V inch, and the shape of its cavity may, perhaps, be visualized
by likening a cast of it to a biconcave disc about the size of a threepenny piece.  


The tympanic cavity has six walls—lateral, medial, roof, floor,
Atrium, the hall in a Roman house.  
anterior, and posterior.  


The lateral wall is formed chiefly by the tympanic membrane,  
Attic, epitympanic recess.  
which has the handle of the malleus fixed to it, and slightly by the
tympanic annulus, within the circumference of which there is a groove,
called the tympanic sulcus, in which the membrane is set. The tympanic annulus and sulcus are interrupted superiorly by a notch, called
the tympanic notch. In front of the tympanic annulus is the open,
inner extremity of the squamo-tympanic fissure, which lodges the
processus gracilis of the malleus, and transmits the tympanic branch
of the internal maxillary artery. At the inner end of the fissure is
the opening of the iter chordce anterius, by which the chorda tympani
nerve leaves the tympanum.  


The (medial) wall (see Fig. 1028) separates the tympanum from the
Attollens, raising up, elevating.  
internal ear or labyrinth. It is very irregular, and is formed by the
following parts :


1 The fenestra vestibuli. 3 - The promontory.  
Attrahens, drawing to or towards.  


2. Projection of the facial canal. 4 - The fenestra cochleae.  
Auditory, pertaining to the organ, or
sense, of hearing.  


5. The sinus tympani.  
Auerbach’s plexus, myenteric plexus.  


Auricle, the external ear.


3. Nerves.  
Auricle (O.T.), atrium (heart).  


4. Bloodvessels.  
Auricular appendix (O.T.), auricle.  


5. Air.  
Azygos, without a pair, single.  


Bacillary, pertaining to a small staff
or rod.


A MANUAL OF ANATOMY
Balanus, an acorn.


Barba, a beard.


^74
Bartholin’s duct (great duct of Rivini),


principal sublingual duct.


The fenestra vestibuli is situated in a depression, called the fossa
Basilar, belonging to the base.  
ovalis, at the upper part of the inner wall, and it leads into the cavity
of the vestibule. It is irregularly oval, and is elongated from before
backwards. It is occupied by the foot-piece of the stapes, and the
annular ligament which connects the circumference of the foot-piece
to the margin of the opening, the margin being covered by cartilage.  


The projection of the facial canal lies above the fenestra ovalis.
Basilic, royal, important.  
The canal, which contains the facial nerve, is here directed backwards,
and has walls of a paper-like thinness.  


The promontory is seen below the fossa ovalis, between it and the
Basion, base.  
fossa rotunda, and slightly in front of both. It is a rounded promin


Mastoid


Antrum
Bechterew, nucleus of, superior
vestibular nucleus.


Bell, nerve of, nerve to serratus
anterior.


Bellini, ducts of, terminal collecting
tubules of kidney.


Sinus Tympam Outlet of Facial Canal at
Biceps, having two heads.
Stylo-mastoid Foramen


kiG. 1028. Section through the Petrous and Mastoid Portions of the
Bicornis, two-horned.  
Temporal Bone, showing the Tympanum and Mastoid Cells.  


ence made by the first turn of the cochlea, and is grooved by the nerves
Bicuspid (teeth), pre-molar.  
of the tympanic plexus.  


The fenestra cochlese is situated in a funnel-shaped depression
Bigelow, Y-shaped ligament of, iliofemoral ligament.  
called the fossa rotunda, below and behind the promontory. It leads
into the scala tympani of the cochlea, and in the recent state is closed
by the secondary membrane of the tympanum.  


1 he sinus tympani is a depression behind the promontory, and
Biventer, having two bellies.  
between the fossa ovalis and fossa rotunda. In close relation to this
is the ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal.  


The roof of the tympanum is a thin plate of bone, called the tegmen
Bowman’s capsule, capsule of glomerulus.  
tympani, which forms part of the anterior surface of the petrous part
of the temporal bone.  


The floor, narrower than the roof, is a thin plate of bone which
Bowman’s membrane, anterior elastic lamina of cornea.  
separates the tympanum from the jugular fossa.  


Brachium, the arm.


Brachium conjunctivum, superior
cerebellar peduncle.


Brachium pontis, middle cerebellar
peduncle.


Brachycephalic, short-headed.


Bregma, from a Greek verb meaning
‘ to moisten/


Broca, area of, parolfactory area.


Broca, band of, diagonal band.


Bronchiole, a little bronchus.


Bronchus, literally, a draught; the
windpipe.


Bryant’s triangle, (1) horizontal line
from anterior superior spine;
(2) vertical line from top of great
trochanter; (3) line joining anterior superior spine to top of
great trochanter.


Bubonocele, a variety of tumour in
the groin.


THE EAR
Buccinator, a trumpeter.


Bulla, a knob; a bubble.


1675
Burdach, fasciculus of, fasciculus
cuneatus.


Burns, falciform process of (ligament
of Hey), superior cornu of saphenous opening.


The anterior wall is narrow, owing to the descent of the roof, and
Burns’ space, suprasternal space.  
the inclination towards each other of the outer and inner walls. In
it are the openings of two canals, the upper of which lodges the tensor
tympani muscle, whilst the lower is the osseous part of the pharyngotympanic tube. The two orifices are separated by the margin of the
processus cochleariformis. The carotid canal lies just in front of the
lower part of the anterior wall.  


Bursa, a sac containing fluid.


Bursa omentalis, lesser sac.


Fig. 1029.—Diagrammatic Outline of Tympanum and Associated
Cacumen, tip, peak, or end.  


Recesses.  
Caecum, blind.  




The posterior wall is formed by the anterior or tympanic surface
of the petrous part of the temporal bone. From above downwards
the following parts are seen: (1) the opening of the mastoid antrum,
which communicates with the attic of the tympanum, or epitympanic
recess; (2) a depression called the fossa incudis, receiving the short
process of the incus* (3) a small conical projection, called the pyramid,
at the summit of which is an opening for the tendon of the stapedius
muscle (posteriorly the canal within the pyramid, which contains the






Mastoid Antrum




Lateral Semicirc.C. ~ *
GLOSSARY
Pyramid •
Sinus Tympanum —




-Epitympanic Recess
1700


-Site of Geniculate Ganglion
Caeruleus, dark blue.


Fenestra Vestibuli
Calamus, a reed-pen.


Promontory
Calcaneum, the heel.


Fenestra Cochleae
Calcar, a spur.


Calcination, reduction to a powder
(or line) by heat.


Fir jo^o_ Diagram to show Course and Relations of Facial Canal on
Calcis, of the heel.


' 'the Medial and Posterior Walls of the Tympanum.  
Calix, a cup or goblet.  


Callosal convolution, gyrus cinguli.


stapedius muscle, passes downwards in the posterior wall of the
Calloso-marginal fissure, sulcus cinguli.
tympanum, and communicates with the descending part of the canal
which contains the facial nerve; this explains how the branch of that
nerve to the stapedius reaches the muscle); and (4) the iter chordae


posterius, for the chorda tympani nerve. .  
Callosum, hard, thick.  


Tympanic Membrane.-This is the membrane which closes the  
Calvaria ( calva , the bald scalp), the  
inner extremity of the external auditory meatus. It is situated on
upper part of the skull.  
the outer wall of the tympanum, of which it forms the chief part, and
it is set for the most part in the sulcus tympamcus, which marks the


Canalis reuniens, ductus reuniens.


Cancellated, lattice-formed, reticulated.


Canthus, the angle of the eye.


Capillary, pertaining to the hair;
a vessel of hair-like minuteness.


Capitellum, a small head.


Capsular, suprarenal.


Caput gallinaginis, urethral crest.


1676
Caput medusae, varicose veins radiating from umbilicus in portal
obstruction.


Cardia, the opening of the stomach;
the heart.


A MANUAL OF ANATOMY
Cardiac, pertaining to the heart
(originally to the stomach).


Cardinal, principal or chief.


inner surface of the tympanic annulus. Superiorly, however, where
Carina, a keel.  
the ring is wanting, the membrane is attached to the tympanic notch
(of Rivinus). This part of it is thinner and looser than the rest, and
is called the membrana flaccida, or Shrapnell’s membrane. The
attachment of the membrana tympani to the sulcus is by a thickened
ring of fibres, called the annulus fibrosus. This annulus passes from
the extremities of the notch to the short process of the malleus in the
form of two bands, the anterior and lateral ligaments of the malleus,
which form the lower boundary of the membrana flaccida. The membrane is set obliquely in the tympanic sulcus, so that its lower part
forms an acute angle with the floor of the meatus externus, and its
upper part an obtuse angle with the roof of the passage.  


Carneae, pertaining to flesh.


Superior Ligament of Malleus
Carotid, stupefying; or perhaps from
two Greek words meaning ‘ head ’
and ‘ ear.’


Carpus, the wrist.


Head of Malleus
Cartilages, alar, lower lateral cartilage.
Insertion of Tensor Tympani


Chorda Tympani Nerve
Cartilages, lateral, upper lateral cartilage (of nose).


Cartilages, Santorini, of, corniculate
cartilage.


Pharyngo-tympanic
Cartilages, Wrisberg, of, cuneiform
Tube
cartilage.


Caruncula, a little piece of flesh.


Caruncula sublingualis, sublingual
papilla.


Superior Ligament of Incus
Carunculae myrtiformes, carunculae
Body of Incus
hymenales.


Attic of Tympanum


^ Short Process of
Cauda, a tail.
Incus


L ’\ST ^Posterior Liga^ ment of Incus
Caudate, tailed.


s ^_Long Process of  
Caudate lobe (O.T.), tail of caudate
lobe.


Cavernous, full of hollows or cavities.


_Processus Orbicu
Centimetre (cm.), § of an English
1 & • laris of Incus
inch.


y ' 0 _Handle of Malleus
Cephalic, pertaining to the head.
Cerato, horny.


—
Ceruminous, pertaining to wax.
Chiasma, two lines placed like an X.
Choana, a funnel.


_Membrana Tympani
Choanse, posterior apertures of nose.
Choledochus, bile-receiving.
Chondral, pertaining to cartilage.


Choroid (Chorioid), like skin.
Cinereus, ash-coloured.


Cingulum, a small girdle.
Circumflexus, bent around.
Circumvallate papillae, vallate papillae.


Cisterna, a cistern or reservoir.
Clarke, posterior vesicular column of,


Fig. 1031.—The Right Membrana Tympani, Malleus, and Incus
thoracic (dorsal) nucleus.  
(Internal, Posterior, and Superior View) (Spalteholz).  
Claustrum, a bulwark, barrier, or
inclosure.  


Clava, a club; gracile tubercle.
Clavicle, from clavis, a key, or possibly a hoop-stick.


The tympanic membrane is somewhat oval. In the vertical
Cleido-, pertaining to the clavicle.  
direction it measures about 10 mm., and horizontally from 8 to 9 mm.  
Clinoid, like the knob of a bedpost.
The handle of the malleus lies between the mucous and fibrous layers
Clitoris, from a Greek verb meaning
of the membrane, and descends to a point a little below its centre,
‘ I shut up ’ or ‘ enclose.’
where it ends in a small knob, from which the radiating fibres of the
membrane proceed. This knob is firmly attached, and, being directed
inwards, the membrane is consequently drawn inwards at that point,
and its outer surface presents a slight conical depression, the deepest
part of which is called the umbo.  


Structure.— The membrane consists of three layers—external,  
Clivus, a slope.  
middle, and internal.  


The external or cutaneous layer is very thin, and is derived from
Cloaca, a sewer or drain.  
the skin of the external meatus. It contains no glands, is freely provided with bloodvessels and nerves, and is covered by stratified
squamous epithelium.  


Coccyx, a cuckoo.


/
Cochlea, a snail.
 
Cochlea, membranous, duct of cochlea.
 
Cochleariformis, spoon-like.
 
Coeliac, pertaining to the belly.
Colliculus, a little hill.
 
Colliculus, quadrigeminal body.
Colliculus seminalis, urethral crest.
Colon, the great gut.
 
Columns, rectal (Morgagni), anal
columns.


Comes, a companion.


Comma tract, semilunar tract.




Line 462: Line 479:




GLOSSARY




Complexus, literally, folded together;
encompassing.


Concatenatae, chained together.
Concatenate glands, deep cervical
(lymph) glands.


Concha, a shell.


Condyle (‘ knuckle ’), a small round
prominence covered by cartilage.
Coni vasculosi, lobules of epididymis.
Conjunctiva, connecting.
Conniventes, winking or blinking.
Conoid, cone-like.


THE EAR
Conoid tubercle, coracoid tuberosity.
Conus arteriosus, infundibulum.
Conus elasticus, crico-vocal membrane.


Convoluta, rolled together.


1677
Coracoid, like a crow or raven.


The middle or fibrous layer forms the proper substance of the
Cord, vocal, false, vestibular folds.  
membrane, and consists of fibrous tissue. The fibres are radial and
Cord, vocal, true, vocal fold.  
circular. The radial fibres lie beneath the cutaneous layer, and radiate
Cordiform, heart-shaped.  
from the handle of the malleus to the annulus fibrosus. The circular
fibres are deep to the radial fibres, and are most numerous towards the
circumference of the membrane. Both sets of fibres are absent from
the membrana flaccida.  


The internal or mucous layer is continuous with the mucous membrane of the tympanum, and is covered by a single layer of squamous
Cords (gangliated, lumbo-sacral,  
epithelium.  
etc.), trunks.  


The membrana flaccida, pars flaccida, or Shrapnell’s membrane, has
Cornea, horny.  
cutaneous and mucous layers only. These are united by connective
tissue, which is so loosely arranged that the membrane is flaccid. This
part is very liable to perforation.  


Cone of Light.—Extending from the knob, in which the handle of
Corniculum, a little horn.  
the malleus terminates, downwards and inwards to the antero-inferior
margin of the membrana tympani there is seen a specially bright
reflection, triangular in outline, with the apex towards the umbo.
This is called the cone of light.  


Arterial Supply of the Tympanic Membrane.—(1) Deep auricular
Cornu ammonis, hippocampus.  
branch of the maxillary artery. This vessel, which passes through the
Coronal, literally, pertaining to a
anterior wall of the external meatus, supplies the cutaneous layer. It
crown; transverse.  
descends from the skin of the roof of the meatus along the course of the
handle of the malleus to the umbo, where it divides into branches
which radiate towards the circumference of the membrane. (2) The
stylo-mastoid branch of the posterior auricular; and (3) the tympanic
branch of the maxillary. The former artery enters the tympanum from
the facial canal, and the latter through the squamo-tympanic fissure.
Branches from them supply the mucous layer, and form an anastomotic
ring around the circumference of the membrane. The fibrous layer
receives its arterial supply from the vessels of the cutaneous and
mucous layers.  


The veins join the external and internal jugular.  
Coronary, encircling.  


Nerve-supply.—(1) The auriculo-temporal of the mandibular, (2) the
Coronoid, like a crooked beak.  
auricular branch of the vagus, and (3) branches from the tympanic
Corpora albicantia (brain), corpora
plexus.  
mamillaria.  


Secondary Membrane of the Tympanum.—This membrane closes
Corpus (of long bone), shaft.  
the fenestra cochleae on the inner wall of the tympanum, and separates
the tympanic cavity from the scala tympani of the cochlea. It is
concave towards the tympanum, and, like the membrana tympani,
consists of three layers. The external layer is formed by the tympanic
mucous membrane; the middle layer is fibrous; and the internal layer is
formed by the lining membrane of the cochlea.  


The mastoid antrum and mastoid air-cells are described with the
Corpus adiposum buccae, buccal pad.
temporal bone on p. 188, while the Eustachian or pharyngo-tympanic
Corpus arantii, nodule (aortic and
tube is dealt with on p. 1378.  
pulmonary valves).  


Corpus cavernosum penis, corpus
cavernosum.


1678
Corpus cavernosum urethrae, corpus
spongiosum.


Corrugator, a wrinkler.


A MANUAL OF ANATOMY
Cortex, the bark or outer covering.
Costal, pertaining to a rib.


Cotyloid, cup-like.


Lateral Process
Cowper’s gland, bulbo-urethral gland.
Long Process
Coxa, the hip.


Cranium, the skull.


Crassum, thick, dense, or bulky.
Cremaster, a suspender.


Ant.  
Cribriform, sieve-like.  


Process


1701


Plandie
Cribrosa, perforated with sieve-like
pores.


Cricoid, like a ring.


Fig. 1032.—The Malleus.  
Crista tuberculi majoris, lateral lip
of bicipital groove.  


1. anterior view; 2, posterior view.  
Crista tuberculi minoris, medial lip
of bicipital groove.  


Crucial, pertaining to, or shaped like,
a cross.


Ossicles of the Tympanum.  
Crural, pertaining to the leg.  


The tympanum contains three small bones, arranged in the form
Crural canal, femoral canal.  
of a chain which extends from the membrana tympani to the fenestra
vestibuli. The bones are the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. The
malleus is related to the membrana tympani, the stapes to the fenestra,
and the incus occupies an intermediate position between these two.  


The malleus is so named from its resemblance to a hammer. It is
Crural ring, femoral ring.  
composed of a head, neck, handle, and two processes, long and short.  


T 2 The head is the upper, enlarged,  
Crural septum, femoral septum.


Facet for incus rounded end. Posteriorly it has
Crus, cerebral peduncle.  


a saddle-shaped facet, directed
Crusta, basis pedunculi.  
obliquely downwards and inwards,
for articulation with the incus in a
synovial joint. The neck is the
constricted part below the head.
The handle (; manubrium) is directed
downwards, inwards, and backwards
from the neck; it is compressed
from before backwards, slightly
curved, and ends in a knob. It
lies between the fibrous and mucous layers of the membrana tympani,
descending to a point a little below the centre of the membrane. It
is firmly attached to the fibrous layer by its periosteum. The tensor
tympani muscle is inserted into the inner part close to its root. The
long or anterior process (processus gracilis ), which is slender, springs
from the front of the neck, and is directed forwards and downwards to
the petro-tympanic fissure, where it is embedded in fibres which form
part of the anterior ligament of the malleus, and connect it to the
margins of the fissure. The long process is in the adult for the most
part replaced by fibrous tissue except close to the neck of the malleus.
In early life it is continuous with Meckel’s cartilage. The short or
lateral process is situated immediately below the long process. It is
directed laterally to the upper part of the
membrana tympani, with which it is connected by the annulus fibrosus. It is also
connected with the extremities of the notch
by the anterior and posterior malleolar
ligaments.  


Ihe incus resembles an anvil. It consists
Cryptorchismus, concealment of the
of a body and two processes—short and
testis.  


long. The body is thick, somewhat four- ^ ~ Head ° f Sta fu
Cryptozygous, hidden arches.  


sided, and laterally compressed. Anteriorly y^ 08 '
Cubitum, the elbow.  


it presents a saddle-shaped articular surface
Cucullaris, pertaining to a cowl or
hood.


for the head of the malleus, with which it forms a synovial joint.
Culmen, the top or summit.  
The short process is directed backwards, is tipped with cartilage, and
articulates with the fossa incudis on the posterior wall of the tympanum. The long process is directed downwards and medially, behind


Cuneate, wedge-shaped.


Facet
Cuneiform bone (hand), triquetrum.


for Malleus
Cuneus, a wedge.


/ Short Process
Cupola, a dome.


/
Cymba, a boat or skiff.


Cystic, pertaining to the gall-bladder.
The condition of a thin-walled
swelling containing fluid or semifluid.


Cytoplasm, formative yolk; protoplasm in a cell.


Long Process
Dacryon, a tear.


Dartos, skinned or flayed.


'*■' Lentiform Nodule for
Deciduous, falling away.
Head of Stapes


Decussation of lemnisci (fillet), sensory decussation.


THE EAR
Deferens, carrying away.


Deiters, nucleus of, lateral vestibular
nucleus.


1679
Dens, odontoid process.


Dens serotinus, wisdom tooth.


and parallel to the handle of the malleus. Its lower extremity is bent
Dentate fascia, dentate gyrus.  
inwards, and becomes narrowed into a neck, upon which is placed a
disc-like knob of bone, called the os orbiculare, which is covered by
cartilage for articulation with the head of the stapes. In early life,
and up to the sixth month of intra-uterine life, this process forms a
separate ossicle.  


The stapes resembles a stirrup. It has a head, neck, two crura,
Descemet’s membrane, posterior elastic lamina of cornea.  
and a foot-piece or base. The head is directed laterally, is concave
and covered by cartilage, and articulates with the processus lenticularis
of the incus. The neck is the constricted part which lies immediately
internal to the head. Posteriorly it gives
insertion to the stapedius muscle. The
crura are anterior and posterior respectively,
and spring from the neck. They diverge as
they pass inwards, and are attached to the
foot-piece near its extremities. The anterior
crus is straighter and shorter than the


posterior. The foot-piece or base is some- Malleus
Detrusor, from detrudo, I drive away.  
what oval, is directed medially, and occupies incus,,
the fenestra ovalis, which it almost completely fills; its circumference is covered by
cartilage, being attached to the margins of
the fenestra by annular ligamentous fibres. Stapes-
The arch formed by the crura and foot-piece _ ~


is occupied by a delicate membrane, which tympanic Os
Deutoplasm, literally, wet plasm;
is attached to a slight groove on the inner sicles in Position.
nutritive yolk.  
aspect of the arch.  


Development of the Tympanic Ossicles— The malleus and incus are usually
regarded as being developed from the proximal end of Meckel’s cartilage,
which forms the cartilaginous bar of the first or mandibular arch. According to
some authorities, however, the incus is developed from the hyoid bar. The stapes
is developed from the dorsal part of the hyoid bar of the second visceral arch.


Ligaments of the Ossicles.—The synovial joints between the malleus
and incus and between the incus and stapes are provided with thin
capsular ligaments. The ligaments which connect the ossicles to the
walls of the tympanic cavity are five in number, three of them belonging
to the malleus, one to the incus, and one to the stapes.


The ligaments of the malleus are anterior, lateral, posterior, and
superior. The anterior ligament is arranged as a fibrous band which
extends from the root of the long process to the petro-tympanic fissure,
through which it passes to be attached to the spine of the sphenoid
bone. The lateral ligament (or malleolar fold) extends from the
short process to the anterior extremity of the tympanic notch. The
posterior ligament extends from the short process to the posterior
extremity of the notch. The superior ligament extends from the head
of the malleus to the roof of the attic or epitympanic recess.


The ligament of the incus connects the short process, near its
posterior extremity, to the fossa incudis.




1702




i68o
GLOSSARY




A MANUAL OF ANATOMY
Dia-, through or between.


Diaphragm, a partition.


The annular ligament of the stapes connects the circumference of  
Diaphysis grow between ’), the  
the foot-piece, which is covered by cartilage, to the margin of the  
shaft of a bone, or the part which  
fenestra vestibuli, which is also covered by cartilage.  
grows between the epiphyses.  


Muscles of the tympanum are the tensor tympani and the stapedius.  
Diarthrosis, an ‘ apart ’ joint— i.e.,
a ‘ free ’ joint (the articular surfaces being free to play upon each
other); synovial joint.  


Tensor Tympani— Origin .—(i) The cartilaginous part of the  
Diencephalon, the ’tween-brain or
pharyngo-tympanic tube; (2) the apex of the petrous part of the
inter-brain; thalamencephalon.  
temporal bone; and (3) the wall of the osseous canal through which
the muscle passes.  


Insertion, —The medial aspect of the handle of the malleus close to
Digastric, having two bellies.  
its root.  


Nerve-supply.—A branch from the otic ganglion, and through it
Diploe, a doubling.  
from the internal pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the
fifth cranial nerve.  


The muscle consists of a fleshy belly, about inch long, and a
Discus proligerus, cumulus ovaricus.  
delicate tendon. In passing backwards to the tympanum it lies in a
canal, the entrance to which is situated within the petro-squamous
angle of the temporal bone. The canal is placed above the osseous
part of the tube, from which it is separated by the processus cochlearifor mis. On entering the tympanum the tendon of the muscle bends
sharply over the edge of the processus cochleariformis, and then passes
laterally to reach its insertion. The tendon forms very nearly a
right angle with the fleshly belly.  


Action. —To render tense the membrana tympani by drawing
Diverticulum, from diverto, ‘ I separate/ or ‘ part/ or ‘ go a different
inwards the handle of the malleus, and along with it the membrane.  
way.’


Stapedius Origin. —The wall of the canal within the pyramid, and
Dolichocephalic, long-headed.  
of the continuation of this canal in front of the descending part of the
facial canal.  


The tendon emerges from the canal within the pyramid through a
Dorsal, pertaining to the back
small orifice on the apex.  
aspect.  


Insertion. —The posterior aspect of the neck of the stapes.  
Dorsum, the back.  


Nerve-supply. —The facial nerve.  
Douglas, pouch of, recto-uterine or
recto-vaginal pouch.  


Action. To draw the head of the stapes backwards. The result
Douglas, semilunar fold of, arcuate
is that the front part of the foot-piece of the stapes is tilted away
line.  


from the vestibule, and its back part is pressed inwards towards the
Duct, nasal, naso-lacrimal duct.  
vestibule.  


Movements of the Ossicles.—The malleus and incus both act as
Ductus deferens, vas deferens.  
levers of the first kind, the fulcra of which are represented by an axis
passing backwards from the slender process of the malleus. When a
sound-wave presses the tympanic membrane inward, the handle of the
malleus travels inward with it, and the head of the malleus, or short
arm of the lever, moves outward. The upper part, or short arm of
the incus lever, must move out too, since it is attached to the head
of the malleus, and the long process moves inward, thus pressing the


stapes into the fenestra ovalis and compressing the perilymph in the
Ductus perilymphaticus, aqueduct of
cochlea.  
cochlea.  


Ihe secondary membrane of the tympanum, stretched across the
Duodenum, twelve (probably fingerbreadths) .  
fenestra rotunda, is bulged outward by the perilymph, thus allowing
vibrations to travel through that fluid.  


Ebur, -oris, ivory.


/
Eburnea, pertaining to ivory.
 
Ectopia, a displacement.
 
Efferent, carrying out.
 
Embolif ormis, beak-shaped or wedgeshaped.
 
Emissary, sent out.
 
Emulgent, milking, straining out.
 
Enarthrosis, ball-and-socket joint.
 
Encephalon, the contents of the head
or skull.
 
Endocardium, ‘ within the heart ’;
the lining membrane of the cardiac
chambers.
 
Endognathion, literally, inner jaw.
 
Endosteum, ‘ within a bone ’; the
medullary membrane.
 
Ensiform, sword-like.
 
 
Ensiform process, xiphoid process.
 
Entomion, a notch.


Ependyma, from Greek words meaning ' clothing upon/


THE EAR
Ephippium, a saddle.


Epi-, upon or over, above.


1681
Epicardium, upon the heart.


Mucous Membrane of the Tympanum.—The tympanic mucous
Epididymis, upon the testicle.  
membrane is continuous anteriorly with that of the naso-pharynx
through the pharyngo-tympanic (or Eustachian) tube. Posteriorly it is
prolonged into the mastoid antrum, and thence into the mastoid cells.
It forms the internal layer of the tympanic membrane, and the external
layer of the secondary membrane of the tympanum. It also furnishes
sheaths for the tendons of the tensor tympani and stepedius muscles,
and for the chorda tympani nerve. Two folds extend downwards from
the roof of the attic or epitympanic recess, one in front of and the other
behind the superior ligament of the malleus. The former is connected
with the head of the malleus, and the latter (sometimes described as
the superior ligament of the incus) with the incus.  


Attic or Epitympanic Recess and its Pouches.—The part of the
Epiglottis, cushion of, tubercle of  
tympanic cavity which lies above the level of the upper margin of the
epiglottis.  
tympanic membrane is called the attic or epitympanic recess, as distinguished from the atrium or tympanum proper. It contains the
head and neck of the malleus, and the body and short process of the
incus. These divide it incompletely into two compartments—outer
and inner. The outer attic is subdivided into two pouches—superior
and inferior. The superior pouch is partially separated from the
inner attic by the two mucous folds which have been already referred
to as descending from the roof of the attic in front of and behind the
superior ligament of the malleus. The inferior pouch of the outer attic
is known as the pouch of Prussak. It is bounded laterally by the
membrana flaccida, superiorly by the lateral ligament of the malleus,
which partially separates it from the superior pouch, and internally
by the neck of the malleus. The pouch communicates posteriorly
with the tympanic cavity by an opening which is situated a little above
the level of the bottom of the pouch. If fluid, therefore, should
accumulate in Prussak’s pouch, it may readily lead to perforation of  
the membrana flaccida.  


Two other pouches are present—namely, the anterior and posterior
Epiotic, upon or over the ear.  
recesses or pouches of Troltsch. These lie one in front of and the other
behind the handle of the malleus, and are produced by the fold of
mucous membrane which invests the chorda tympani nerve.  


The tympanic mucous membrane is covered for the most part by
Epiphysis (‘ grow upon ’); a process
columnar ciliated epithelium, except over the ossicles and membrana
of a bone which has a secondary
tympani, where the epithelium consists of a single layer of squamous,
centre of ossification.  
non-ciliated cells.  


The tympanic or mastoid antrum is supplementary to the tympanum proper, or cavum tympani, behind which it is situated. It
Epiploon, from a Greek verb meaning
communicates by a large irregular opening with the attic, and is
‘ to float upon/
lined with mucous membrane, which is continuous with that of the
attic and cavum tympani. Opening from the antrum there are the
mastoid cells, which are lined with mucous membrane, continuous
with that of the antrum.


The average measurements of the antrum are as follows: vertical,  
Epipteric, upon a wing.
about Q millimetres; antero-posterior, about n millimetres; and


106
Epipteric bone, sutural bone at
pterion.


Epistropheus, axis.


1682
Epoophoron, above the egg-bearing
organ.


Erythroblast, red (cell) germ.


A MANUAL OF ANATOMY
Ethmoid, like a strainer.


Eustachian cushion, tubal elevation.


transverse, about 8 millimetres. The roof is formed by the thin
Eustachian spine (of medial pterygoid plate), processus tubarius.  
tegmen tympani, which enters into the formation of the middle fossa
of the base of the skull, and is consequently related to the temporal
lobe of the cerebrum and its meninges. The genu and descending
limb of the sigmoid sinus lie behind the antrum, and a little farther
back is the cerebullum. The facial nerve, as it traverses the descending part of its canal, lies in the posterior wall of the cavum tympani,
close to the medial wall and in front of the mastoid antrum. This
part of the nerve is on a plane anterior to the mastoid process, and is
nearly flush with the opening of the antrum. The ampulla of the
lateral semicircular canal of the internal ear gives rise to a slight
eminence on the medial wall at its anterior part.  


The lateral wall corresponds on the surface with the area of the
Eustachian tube, pharyngo-tympanic
suprameatal triangle of Macewen, and is formed by the postmeatal
tube.  
plate of the squamous portion of the temporal bone. For a description
of this triangle, which is the region selected for mastoidectomy , and also
for the mastoid cells, see the description of the temporal bone.  


Summary of Important Structures closely related to the Mastoid Antrum.
Eustachian valve, valve of inferior


1. Temporal lobe of cerebrum and its meninges (roof).  
vena cava.  


2. Genu and descending limb of sigmoid sinus, and farther back the cerebellum (posterior wall).  
Exognathion, literally, outer jaw.  


3 - Facial nerve (posterior wall of cavum tympani, close to medial wall and
Exomphalos, out of the navel.  
nearly flush with antral opening).  


4 - Lateral semicircular canal (anterior part of medial wall).  
Facet (French, facette, a little face),
a small plane surface, usually
articular.  


The upper part of the antrum communicates, as stated, with the
Falciform, sickle-like.  
attic of the cavum tympani, but the lower part is shut off by bone from
the cavity of the cavum tympani.  


The mucous membrane of the mastoid antrum is continuous with
Fallopian tube, uterine tube.  
that which lines the mastoid cells. Anteriorly it is also continuous
with the mucous membrane of the attic and cavum tympani or tympanum proper. The mucous membrane of the cavum tympani is
continuous anteriorly with that of the pharyngo-tympanic tube, and
the mucous membrane of the tube is continuous with that of the
naso-pharynx. This extensive and continuous tract of mucous
membrane is covered by columnar ciliated epithelium except in the
following regions: (1) the promontory; (2) the tympanic ossicles;
(3) the tympanic membrane; (4) the mastoid antrum; and (5) the
mastoid cells. In these regions the epithelium consists of a single
layer of squamous, non-ciliated cells.  


It is of considerable importance to note that micro-organisms
Falx, a sickle.  
may pass from the naso-pharynx through the tube into the cavum
tympani and attic, and thence into the mastoid antrum and mastoid
cells. Purulent affections of these regions may therefore readily be
caused in this manner. Such affections may subsequently involve
(1) the temporal lobe of the cerebrum and its meninges, (2) the genu
and descending limb of the sigmoid sinus, and (3) the internal ear or
labyrinth.  


Falx aponeurotica inguinalis, conjoint tendon.


/
Fascia, a bandage, or a bundle of
reeds.


Fascia bulbi, fascial sheath of eyeball.


THE EAR
Fascia, Camper’s, superficial layer of
superficial fascia of anterior abdominal wall.


Fascia, Colies’, deep layer of superficial fascia of perineum.


1683


Arteries of the Tympanum. —The principal arteries are: (1) the tympanic
branch of the maxillary, and (2) the stylo-mastoid branch of the posterior
auricular. The tympanic artery enters through the petro-tympanic fissure, and
supplies the membrana tympani and front part of the tympanum. The stylomastoid artery enters the facial canal through the stylo-mastoid foramen, and
passes from the descending part of the canal into the tympanum. It supplies
the back part of the cavity and the mastoid cells, and it forms, with the tympanic
artery, a ring round the circumference of the membrana tympani.


In addition to the foregoing two arteries, the following three arteries enter
the tympanic cavity: (1) the petrosal branch of the middle meningeal, which
enters from the facial canal, into which it passes through the hiatus; (2) the
tympanic branch of the ascending pharyngeal, which accompanies the nerve
through the tympanic canaliculus; and (3) the tympanic branch of the internal
carotid, which enters by a minute foramen on the posterior wall of the ascending
part of the carotid canal in company with a sympathetic twig from the carotid
plexus.


The veins of the tympanum pass to the pterygoid plexus, the superior petrosal
/
sinus, the internal jugular vein, and the pharyngeal plexus.


Nerves of the tympanum are described on pp. 1325 and 1400.


Internal Ear.


The internal ear is the essential part of the organ of hearing, and
is known as the labyrinth from its remarkable complexity. It consists
of two parts—namely, the osseous labyrinth and the membranous
labyrinth.


Osseous Labyrinth.
GLOSSARY


The osseous labyrinth is a cavity situated within the petrous part
of the temporal bone, and is divided into three parts—namely, the
vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. These divisions
are lined with a delicate periosteum, between which and the contained
membranous labyrinth there is a clear fluid, called the perilymph.


Vestibule.—The vestibule is the central division of the osseous
1703
labyrinth. The semicircular canals lie behind it, and the cochlea is
situated in front of it. In the lateral wall is the fenestra vestibuii, which
is occupied by the foot-piece of the stapes and its annular ligament.
The medial wall has anteriorly a depression called the fovea spherica
or spherical recess, which corresponds to the lamina cribrosa at the
deep end of the meatus auditorius internus. It is pierced by apertures
for the passage of filaments of the auditory nerve to the saccule.
Behind and above the fovea spherica there is a ridge, called the vestibular crest, which lies obliquely. Posteriorly it bifurcates, and
between its two divisions there is a small depression, called the cochlear
recess, in which are openings for nerve filaments to the canalis cochlese.
Anteriorly it becomes somewhat triangular, and forms a pyramid,
which is pierced by nerves to the utricle.


The roof of the vestibule, behind and above the crista vestibuii,
has an oval depression, called the elliptical recess, which encroaches on
the inner wall and lodges the recess of the utricle. It is pierced by
nerves to the ampulke of the superior and external semicircular canals.
Below the fovea elliptica is the opening of the aqueduct of the vesti


1684
Fascia, coraco-clavicular, clavi-pec
toral fascia.


Fascia infundibular, internal spermatic fascia.


A MANUAL OF ANATOMY
Fascia intercolumnar, external spermatic fascia.


Fascia, Scarpa’s, deep layer of superficial fascia of anterior abdominal
wall.


bule, which leads to the posterior surface of the petrous part of the
Fascia, Sibson’s, suprapleural membrane.  
temporal bone about J inch external to the orifice of the meatus
auditorius internus. It transmits the ductus endolymphaticus and
a minute vein.  


Anteriorly the vestibule communicates with the scala vestibuli
Fasciculus, a small bundle.  
of the cochlea, and posteriorly are the five openings of the semicircular
canals.  


Semicircular Canals.—The osseous semicircular canals are situated
Fasciola cinerea, splenial gyrus.  
behind the vestibule. They are three in number—superior, posterior,


Fastigium, a roof.


Cupola of Cochlea
Fauces, the throat.
Petrous part of Tern- 5


poral Bone
Fauces, anterior pillar, glosso-palatine arch.


Fauces, posterior pillar, pharyngopalatine arch.


Facial Canal
Fel, the gall-bladder.
A


Femur, the thigh.


Fenestra, an opening, a window.


Superior Semicircular Canal
Fenestra ovalis, fenestra vestibuli.


Fenestra rotunda, fenestra cochleae.


Fenestra Vestibuli
Ferruginea, pertaining to iron-rust.


Lateral Semicircular
Fibula, a buckle, clasp, or brace.
Canal


Fillet, lemniscus.


Posterior Semicircular
Filum, a thread.
Canal


Vestibule
Fimbria, a fringe.


Fimbriatum, fringed.


Fenestra Cochleae
Fissure, a cleft or slit.


Fistula, .a pipe or tube.


_ Superior Semicircular Canal
Flechsig, tract of, posterior spinocerebellar tract.


Flocculus, a little lock of wool.


Inner Wall of Canal '
Fold, bloodless (Treves), ileo-caecal
of Cochlea
fold.


Helicotrema
Fold, ileo-colic, vascular fold of
caecum.


Fold, recto-vesical, sacro-genital fold.


Lamina Spiralis
Follicle, a small bag or sac.


Fontana, spaces of, spaces of iridocorneal angle.


Crus Commune of Sup. and
Fontanelle, a small spring.  
Post. SemicircularCanals


Foramen, an aperture or a hole.


Posterior Semicircular
Forceps, a claw of a beetle.
Canal


Lateral Semicircular
Fornicatus, pertaining to an arch.
Canal
Elliptical Recess
\ Crista Vestibuli
Spherical Recess


Fornix, an arch or a vault.


1 \ .  
Fossa, a ditch or trench.  


1 '
Fossa, antecubital, cubital.


> Orifice of Aqueductus Vestibuli
Recessus Cochlearis


Fossa ovalis, saphenous opening.


Fenestra Cochleae
Fossa, rhomboid, floor of fourth
Scala T.ympani Scala Vestibuli
ventricle.  


Fig. 1035. —The Osseous Labyrinth of the Left Side (Lateral View).
Fossa, spheno-maxillary, pterygopalatine fossa.  
A, entire; B opened (Hirschfeld and Leveille; B, modified).  


Fourchette, a fork.


and lateral—and they open into the vestibule by five circular apertures,  
Fovea, a small pit.  
the contiguous ends of the superior and posterior canals having a  
common orifice. Each canal forms about two-thirds of a circle, and
each presents at one end an enlargement, called the ampulla. The
superior semicircular canal occupies a vertical position, and lies transversely as regards the long axis of the petrous part of the temporal
bone, giving rise to the eminentia arcuata on its superior surface.
Its ampullary end (antero-external) opens independently into the upper
part of the vestibule above the ampullary orifice of the external canal.  


Foveola, a very small pit.


Frenulum, a small bridle.


Frenum, a bridle.


Frontal, pertaining to the forehead.


Frontal spine (of frontal), nasal spine.


Fundiform, sling-like.


Funicular, pertaining to a cord.


Funiculus, a slender rope, a cord.


Furcalis, pertaining to a two-pronged
fork.


Furcula, a small two-pronged fork.


Fusca, dark or dusky.


Galactophorous, milk-carrying.


THE EAR
Galea, a helmet.


Galea aponeurotica, epicranial aponeurosis.


1685
Galen, great vein of, great cerebral
vein.


Galen, veins of, internal cerebral
veins.


Its non-ampullary end unites with the non-ampullary end of the
Gallinaginis, of a woodcock.  
posterior canal to form the crus commune, and the two open by a
common orifice into the vestibule. The posterior semicircular canal
arches backwards towards the posterior surface of the pars petrosa,
with which it is almost parallel, and, like the superior, it occupies a  
vertical position. Its ampullary end (inferior) opens independently
into the lower and back part of the vestibule, and its non-ampullary
end, as just stated, joins that of the superior canal. The lateral
semicircular canal arches outwards, and occupies a horizontal position.
Its extremities are independent of those of the other two canals,
and they open by separate apertures into the upper and back part
of the vestibule. Its ampullary end is in front.  


Cochlea.—The osseous cochlea is situated in front of the vestibule.
Gallus, a cock.
It consists of a tube coiled spirally upon itself, like a snail s shell,


Ganglion, a swelling or excrescence.


Ganglion, aortico-renal, lower part
of coeliac ganglion.


Fig. 1036. _Median Section of the Left Osseous Cochlea of Man
Ganglion, Gasserian, trigeminal ganglion.  


from Apex to Base (Arnold).  
Ganglion, jugular (O.T.), superior
ganglion of ninth.  


Ganglion, jugular (B.N.A.), superior
ganglion of tenth.


S.V. Scala Vestibuli
Ganglion, lenticular, ciliary ganglion.  
S.T. Scala Tympani


Ganglion, Meckel’s, spheno-palatine
ganglion.


L.S.O. Lamina Spiralis Ossea
Ganglion nodosum (B.N.A.), inferior ganglion of tenth.  
C.C. Central Canal of Modiolus


Ganglion, ophthalmic, ciliary ganglion.


M.A.I. Internal Auditory Meatus
Ganglion, petrous (O.T. and B.N.A.),


inferior ganglion of ninth.


and is conical. Its base is opposite the lamina cribrosa at the deep
Ganglion, semilunar, trigeminal ganglion.  
end of the meatus auditorius interims; and its apex, known as the
cupola is directed outwards and slightly forwards towards the canal
which contains the tensor tympani muscle. Its length from base to
apex is about i inch. It consists of (1) a winding tube, called the
spiral canal of the cochlea ; (2) a central pillar, called the modiolus,
round which the spiral canal turns; and (3) a thin plate of bone, called
the osseous spiral lamina, which winds spirally round the modiolus
and projects into the spiral canal of the cochlea. . .  


The spiral canal of the cochlea (cochlear canal or tube) winds round
the modiolus which forms its inner wall. It describes two and threenuarter turns, and its basal turn or coil gives rise to the promontory on
the inner wall of the tympanum. At the cupola it ends in a blind
extremity. It gradually diminishes in size from base to cupola; its






i686




A MANUAL OF ANATOMY




length is about 32 millimetres; and its diameter is about 2 millimetres
1704
at the base, where it is greatest.


The modiolus is the central pillar round which the spiral canal of
the cochlea turns, and it forms the inner wall of that canal. It commences at the cochlear area of the lamina cribosa at the deep end of the
internal auditory meatus, and extends almost to the cupola, gradually
tapering. It is traversed by minute canals for branches of the cochlear
division of the auditory nerve. One of these canals occupies the
centre of the modiolus, and is called the central canal of the modiolus.
This canal begins at the foramen centrale of the cochlear area of the
lamina cribrosa, and it transmits the nerve-filaments for the apical
coil. The other canals, which have no special name, commence at
the tractus spiralis foraminosus of the cochlear area of the lamina
cribrosa, and they transmit the nerve-filaments for the other coils—
middle and basal. At successive levels these canals change their
direction, and pass outwards to the attached margin of the lamina
spiralis, to be presently described. Here they coalesce and form a
winding canal, called the spiral canal of the modiolus, which lodges
the spiral ganglion or ganglion of Corti. From this canal secondary
canals for nerve-filaments pass into the lamina spiralis.


The osseous spiral lamina is a thin plate of bone, which winds
GLOSSARY
spirally round the modiolus, to which it is attached. It projects from
the modiolus into the spiral canal of the cochlea throughout the windings
of the latter, and it extends for about half-way towards the outer wall
of the cochlear canal. It divides that canal incompletely into two
passages or scalar —an upper or scala vestibuli, and a lower or scala
tympani, the commencement of which is at the fenestra cochleae.
Close to the cupola the lamina spiralis terminates in a hook-like process,
called the hamulus. The spiral lamina consists of two plates of bone,
between which there are canals for nerve-filaments, these canals being
offsets of the spiral canal of the modiolus, which, as has been said,
contains the spiral ganglion or ganglion of Corti. They extend to the
free margin of the spiral lamina. The free margin of the lamina
spiralis is, in the recent state, attached to the outer wall of the spiral
canal of the cochlea by means of the basilar membrane or basilar
lamina, and the scala vestibuli and scala tympani are now completely
separated, except in the region of the hamulus, where they communicate
through an opening, called the helicotrema.


The lamina cribrosa, at the deep end of the internal auditory
meatus, will be found described in connection with the temporal
bone (p. 190).


At the lower end of the scala tympani is the upper opening of the
Ganglion, stellate, first thoracic
aqueductus cochleae, which passes downwards and medially to the
ganglion.  
posterior border of the petrous part of the temporal bone. It transmits
a small vein to the inferior petrosal sinus, and establishes a communication between the scala tympani and the subarachnoid space.  


Ganglion, submaxillary, submandibular ganglion.


Gartner’s duct, duct of epoophoron.
Gastric, pertaining to the stomach.


THE EAR
Gastrocnemius, the belly of the
leg.


Gemellus, paired or double.


1687
Geminus, twin or twofold.


Geniculate, knee-like.


Membranous Labyrinth.  
Genio-, pertaining to the chin.
Gennari, stria of, visual stria.  


The membranous labyrinth is situated within the osseous labyrinth,
Genu, the knee.  
and its constituent parts receive the terminal branches of the auditory
nerve. It is separated from the periosteal lining of the osseous labyrinth by the perilymph, and it contains the fluid known as the endolymph. In the case of the vestibule and the osseous semicircular
canals the. membranous labyrinth corresponds more or less with
them; but in the case of the osseous cochlea it forms part of the septum
between the scala tympani and scala vestibuli, and contains a passage
called the membranous canal of the cochlea (ductus cochleae).  


Gerota’s capsule, renal fascia.
Giacomini, banderella or frenulum,
tail of dentate gyrus.


Gimbernat’s ligament, pectineal part
of inguinal ligament.


Fig. 1037. —Diagram of Membranous Labyrinth.  
Ginglymus, a hinge.  


Vestibular Part of the Membranous Labyrinth.—The vestibule
Ginglymus, hinge-joint.  
contains two membranous sacs—namely, the utricle and the saccule


_which are in close contact, but do not communicate with each other
Giraldes, organ of, paradidymis.
Glabella, without hair; smooth.
Gladiolus, a small sword.


directly. These sacs contain endolymph.  
Gladiolus, body of sternum.  


The utricle is the larger of the two sacs, and into it the membranous
Gland, Bartholin’s, greater vestibular
semicircular ducts open. It occupies the upper and back part of the
gland.  
vestibule, a portion of it, known as the recessus utriculi, lying in the
fovea elliptica. Near the crista vestibuli the wall of this recess receives
fibres of the auditory nerve and is thickened, this part of it being called
the macula utriculi. From the anterior and medial part of the utricle
a minute canal, called the ductus utriculi («ductus utriculo-saccularis ),  
passes to join the ductus sacculi, and so form the ductus endolymphaticus (see Fig. 1037).  


Gland, Cowper’s, bulbo-urethral
gland.


Glenoid, like a shallow socket.
Glisson’s capsule, hepato-biliary capsule.


Globosus, round or spherical.
Globus, a globe or sphere.
Glomerulus, a small ball of thread.
Glosso-, pertaining to the tongue.
Glottis, the mouthpiece of a flute.
Gluteal, pertaining to the buttock.


Gnathic, pertaining to the jaw.
Gnathion, the jaw.


Gomphosis, a bolting together.
Gonion, an angle.


Gracilis, slender.


Grisea, grey.


1688
Gubernaculum, a rudder.


Gula, the gullet.


A MANUAL OF ANATOMY
Gustatory, pertaining to taste.
Guttural, pertaining to the throat.
Gyrus, a circle; a crook.




The saccule, which is somewhat oval, lies in front of the utricle,
Habenula, a small thong or rein.  
and occupies the fovea spherica, where it is near the opening leading
Hsemorrhoidal, associated with  
into the scala vestibuli of the cochlea. Through the openings of the
haemorrhoids.  
fovea spherica it receives filaments of the auditory nerve, and this
portion of the saccule, being thickened, is known as the macula sacculi.
Interiorly the saccule is connected with a small canal, called the
ductus reuniens, which opens into the canal of the cochlea, or ductus
cochlearis, not far from its closed vestibular end. From the posterior
part of the saccule a minute canal, called the ductus sacculi, passes off,
which is soon joined by the ductus utriculi, and so the ductus endolymphaticus is formed. This latter duct traverses the aqueductus
vestibuli, and, having reached the posterior surface of the petrous
part of the temporal bone, it ends in a small blind dilatation, called the
saccus endolymphaticus , which lies beneath the dura mater. The saccule
and utricle are thus indirectly connected by means of the ductus sacculi
and ductus utriculi; and the saccule communicates with the ductus
cochlearis by means of the ductus reuniens.  


Semicircular Ducts.—The membranous semicircular ducts correspond in outline to the osseous semicircular canals, within which they
Hallux, the great toe.  
lie; they form about two-thirds of a circle, and each has an ampulla
at one end, which is situated within the ampulla of the osseous canal.
They are elliptical in transverse section, and open into the utricle by
five orifices, the non-ampullated ends of the superior and posterior
canals being united, so that these two open by a common orifice
forming the crus commune. The convex wall of each canal is attached
to the periosteal lining of the osseous canal, whilst the concave wall is
practically free from the osseous wall, and is bathed by the perilymph.
These canals contain endolymph.  


Structure.—The walls of the utricle, saccule, and membranous
Ham, a thing bent or crooked.  
semicircular canals consist of three layers: an outer or fibrous layer,  
Hamular, hook-shaped.  
which is vascular; a middle layer, or membrana propria, which is translucent; and an inner or epithelial layer. In each ampulla the middle
layer, or membrana propria, projects into the cavity of the canal from
the peripheral wall, this projecting part being known as the septum
transversum. It partially divides the interior of the ampulla into two
compartments, and its free margin, which is covered by the auditory
epithelium, is called the crista acustica or ampullaris. The epithelial
layer consists of a single stratum of squamous cells, except in those
regions to which the filaments of the auditory nerve are distributed. These regions are as follows: (i) the macula (acustica)
utriculi; (2) the macula (acustica) sacculi; and (3) the crista of each
ampulla.  


The macula utriculi is the thickened part of the antero-inferior wall
Harmonia, a fitting together.  
of the recessus utriculi, and is lined with auditory epithelium. The
Hartmann’s pouch, sacculation at
macula is covered by calcareous particles, called otoconia, which
junction of neck and body of gallbladder.  
consist of crystals of calcium carbonate. The macula sacculi is the
thickened part of the anterior wall of the saccule, and is also lined with
auditory epithelium covered by otoconia. The crista ampullaris, as


Hassall, corpuscles of (thymus), concentric corpuscles.


THE EAR
Haustrum, a machine for drawing
water.


Heister’s valves, spiral valve.
Helicine, spiral.


1689
Helicotrema, hole of a spiral.


Helix, a coil or spiral.


we have seen, is the free margin of the septum trailsversum in each
Hepar, the liver.  
ampulla, and is covered by auditory epithelium.  


The auditory epithelium is of the columnar variety, and consists of
Hepatic, pertaining to the liver.  
two kinds of cells, auditory and sustentacular. The auditory cells are
Hernia, a sprout; a rupture.  
nucleated, and each is provided at its free extremity with a slender,
Hesselbach’s triangle, inguinal triangle.  
tapering, hair-like filament, which projects into the cavity. These
filaments are sometimes spoken of collectively as auditory hairs, and
the cells are hence called hair-cells. Their deep extremities fall short
of the membrana propria. The sustentacular cells lie between the haircells, and are elongated and nucleated. Their deep extremities are
attached to the membrana propria, and their free extremities give rise
to a kind of limiting membrane. The auditory nerve-fibres pierce
the membrana propria, and, having lost their medullary sheaths, the
axons end in arborizations round the deep ends of the auditory or
hair cells.  


Superior Semicircular Duct
Hiatus, a gap.


Hiatus Fallopii, hiatus for superficial
petrosal nerve.


Lateral Semicircular Duct i
Highmore, antrum of, maxillary
sinus.


Hilum, a little thing; a trifle.


Posterior Semicircular Duct
Hippocampus, a seahorse.
Hippocampus major, hippocampus.
Hippocampus minor, calcar avis.
Hircina, pertaining to a goat.


His, bundle of, atrio-ventricular
bundle.


Homodynamic]


Facial Nerve
Homogenesis see Chapter I.
Homologous )


Houston’s valves, horizontal folds of
rectum.


Crus Commune of Superior and
Huguier, canal of, anterior canaliculus for chorda tympani.
' l Posterior Semicircular Ducts


j r Ampulla
Humerus, the upper part of the arm;
the shoulder.


_ l Nerve to Ampulla
Hunter’s canal, subsartorial canal.
Nerve to Utricle
Hyaline, glassv.  
~ . Nerve to Saccule
_ Cochlear Nerve


Hyaloid, like glass.


Fig. 1038. —The Membranous Semicircular Ducts, showing the Distribution of the Branches of the Auditory Nerve to their Ampullae
Hydatid, a watery vesicle.  


(Breschet).  
Hydrocele, a watery tumour.  


Membranous Cochlea.—The membranous cochlea is situated within
Hymen, the marriage deity.  
the osseous cochlea, and fills the gap which is left by the lamina
spiralis. It consists of two membranes, the basilar membrane and the
vestibular membrane (membrane of Reissner, Fig. 1040), which enclose
between them the ductus cochlearis, or scala media. 1 he osseous
cochlea in the recent state is therefore divided into three spiral
passages—the scala tympani, the scala vestibuli, and the ductus
cochlearis. The scala vestibuli is continuous with the scala tympani
at the cupola through an aperture, called the helicotrema ; and at the
base of the cochlea it opens upon the anterior wall of the vestibule.
The scala tympani begins at the fenestra cochleae, and in the recent
state is separated from the tympanic cavity by the secondary membrane of the tympanum. The scala media, or ductus cochlearis,
communicates near its lower end with the saccule by means of the ductus
reuniens. The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain perilymph,
which is continuous with the perilymph of the vestibule and osseous
semicircular canals. The scala media contains endolymph, which is
continuous with that of the saccule,




/




1690




A MANUAL OF ANATOMY




Basilar Membrane.—The basilar membrane extends from the free
margin of the lamina spiralis to the crista basilaris, or lower part of
the spiral ligament, a thickening of the periosteum of that part of the
outer wall of the cochlea which forms the outer wall of the scala media,
or ductus cochlearis. It separates the ductus cochlearis from the scala
tympani, and is divisible into two zones, inner and outer. The inner
is called the zona arcuata, and supports the spiral organ. The outer
is known as the zona pectinata, and extends from the foot-plates of
the outer rods of this organ to the crista basilaris. The basilar membrane consists of a homogeneous membrana propria, with fibres embedded in it, the fibres being most numerous in the zona pectinata.


Vestibular Membrane, or Membrane of Reissner.—This is a delicate
GLOSSARY
membrane which extends from the upper surface of the lamina spiralis
a short distance from its free margin to the outer wall of the cochlea,
where it is attached to the periosteum a little above the outer attachment of the basilar membrane. It separates the cochlear duct from the
scala vestibuli, and consists of very delicate connective tissue lined on
each side with a single layer of squamous epithelium.




Osseous Spiral Lamina
1705




Vestibular Membrane
Hyoid, like the Greek letter upsilon.
Basilar Membiane


Hypo-, beneath or under.


Scala Vestibuli
Hypophysis, ‘ grow beneath.’


Ductus Cochlearis
Hypothenar, beneath the palm of the
hand.


Ileum, implying twists or coils.


Sc' NYll ESy/: ,'-.;  
Ilium, literally of the soft parts—
i.e., of the flank; os ilium, the bone
of the flank.


| Scala Tympan*
Ima, lowest.


Impar, dissimilar (in number), unequal.


Incisivus, cutting into.


Incisura jugularis, suprasternal notch.


Fig. 1039.  
Incisura scapularis, suprascapular
notch.  


Incisura semilunaris (ulna), trochlear
notch.


-Vertical Section of the Cochlea of a Fcetal Calf, showing
Infundibuliform, funnel-shaped.  
THE SCALAE AND MODIOLUS (KoLLIKER).  


Infundibulum, a funnel.


The scala media, or ductus cochlearis, is situated between the
Inguinal, pertaining to the groin.  
basilar membrane and the vestibular membrane. It is triangular in
transverse section, and has a roof, an outer wall, and a floor. The
roof is formed by the vestibular membrane (see Fig. 1040). The
outer wall is the wall of the cochlea and its periosteum, between the
external attachments of the basilar membrane and the vestibular
membrane. The periosteum in this region is much thickened, and
forms the spiral ligament of the cochlea, the lower part of which gives
rise to the crista basilaris. The floor is formed by the basilar membrane, and a part of the upper surface of the lamina spiralis. It has
been seen that the basilar membrane separates the ductus cochlearis
from the scala tympani. The ductus ends above in a closed extremity
at the cupola, and it has a similar ending at the base of the cochlea.
Near its lower blind extremity it receives the ductus reuniens, by
which it communicates with the saccule.  


It has just been shown that part of the floor of the cochlear duct
Inion, literally, the occiput.  
is formed by some of the lamina spiralis. In the recent state it is
of some thickness, which is due to a thickening of its periosteal


Innominatum, unnamed.


/
Insula, an island.


Intercalary, inserted.


Internodium, the space between two
knots or joints.


Interparietal bone, membranous part
of occipital as a separate bone.


THE EAR
Interpositum, placed between.


Interstitial, belonging to interstices
or small parts between the main
parts of bodies.


1691
Intertubercular sulcus, bicipital
groove.


Intumescentia, enlargement (spinal
cord).


covering. This fibrous thickening forms the limbus laminae spiralis
Iris, the rainbow.  
(see Fig. 1040).  


Its outer margin is crescentic, the deep notch being called the sulcus lamince
Ischiatic, pertaining to the hip.  
spiralis. The sulcus has two lips, upper and lower. The upper is called the
labium vestibulare, the upper surface of which is marked by several interlacing
prominences and grooves. At the free margin of this labium the prominences
assume the form of tooth-like projections, which are known as the auditory
teeth. The lower lip of the sulcus is called the labium tympanicum. It is continued into the basilar membrane, and is perforated by a great number of apertures
for the branches of the cochlear division of the auditory nerve.  


Spiral Organ (of Corti).—Over the upper surface of the inner part
Ischium, the hip.  
(zona arcuata) of the basilar membrane the epithelium undergoes


Isthmus, faucium, oro-pharyngeal
isthmus.


Isthmus rhombencephali, upper constricted end of fourth ventricle.


Fig. 1040.—The Organ of Corti (Wiedersheim, after Lavdowsky).  
Iter, a passage or road.  


Jacobson, cartilage of, sub-vomerine
cartilage.


1. Spiral Ligament
Jacobson, organ of, vomero-nasal
organ.  


2. Limbus


3. Sulcus Spiralis
Jacobson’s nerve, tympanic nerve.  


4. Inner Rod of Corti
Jejunum, empty or hungry.  


5. Outer Rod of Corti
Jugal, yolking.  


6. Tunnel of Corti
Jugular, pertaining to the throat.  


7. Phalangeal Process of Outer Rod
Jugular notch (B.N.A.), suprasternal
notch.  


8. Inner Hair-cells
Jugum, a yolk.  


Kerckring, ossicle, occasional centre
in posterior margin of foramen
magnum.


9. Outer Hair-cells
Key and Retzius, foramina of


10. Cells of Deiters
(Luschka), lateral apertures of
fourth ventricle.  


11. Lamina Reticularis
Kobelt’s tubes, epoophoron.  


12. Cells of Hensen
Labbe, vein of, inferior anastomotic
vein (connects superficial middle
cerebral with transverse sinus).  


13. Cells o Claudius
Labrum, a basin.  


14. Spiral Ganglion
Lacertus fibrosus, bicipital aponeurosis.  


15. Cochlear Nerve
Laciniosum, full of folds, indented,
jagged.  


16. Nerve-fibres to Hair-cells
Lacrimal, pertaining to tears.  


Lacteal, pertaining to milk.


remarkable modification, and gives rise to the spiral organ or organ
Lactiferous, milk-carrying.  
of Corti. The constituent parts of this very complicated organ are as


follows:
Lacuna, a hollow or cavity.


1 The rods of Corti. 4. The cells of Hensen and of Claudius.  
Lacunee (of sagittal sinus), lacunae
laterales.  


2 The auditory or hair cells. 5 - The lamina reticularis.  
Lacunar, pertaining to a hollow or  
gap.  


3! The cells of Deiters. 6. The membrana tectona.  
Lacunar ligament, pectineal part of  
inguinal ligament.  


The rods of Corti are arranged in two rows, inner and outer (see
Lamella, a small plate.  
Fig 1041). Each rod consists of a foot-plate or base, an intermediate
portion, and a head. The foot-plate, which is expanded, rests upon
the zona arcuata of the basilar membrane, and the foot-plates of the
inner rods are separated from those of the outer rods by a slight
interval. As the rods rise the intermediate portions of the inner and


Lamina, a plate.


Lamina cinerea, lamina terminalis.


Lamina cribrosa, medial boundary
of internal auditory meatus.


Lamina papyracea, orbital plate of
ethmoid.


Lamina quadrigemina, tectum.


1692
Lateral, on the side of. Used in
reference to the sagittal plane of
the body.


Lateral mass (ethmoid), labyrinth.


A MANUAL OF ANATOMY
Lateral sinus, transverse sinus.


Latissimus, broadest.


outer rods incline towards each other, and the heads of the two sets
Latum, broad.  
of rods come into contact. In this manner a triangular tunnel is
enclosed between the two sets of rods and the basilar membrane,
which is called the tunnel of Corti. This extends along the entire
length of the ductus cochlearis.  


Lemniscus, a ribbon.


phalangeal


PROCESS




IfSNER ROD






BASILAR. MEMBRANE
1706




The inner rods are more numerous than the outer, there being from
GLOSSARY
5,000 to 6,000 of the former and about 4,000 of the latter. They
incline upwards and outwards. The head of each has a concavity on
its outer side, above and below which there is a projecting portion, so


that it resembles the upper extremity
of the ulna, with its great sigmoid
cavity and olecranon and coronoid
processes. The concavity on the head
of the inner rod receives the round
head of the outer rod. Finally, the
tic. 1041. A Pair of Rods of inner rods are shorter than the outer.
Corti from the Rabbit’s Coch- The ou + pr rn d<? lpcc nnmprrmQ


lea (Side View, highly mag- An ? ouler * oas j ^ re . Aess nui ? e 5 , 0US
Leptorhine, having small narrow
nostrils.  


nified) (Schafer, in Quain’s ? nd lon § er than the inner, and they
Levator, a lifter or raiser.


‘Anatomy’). ~ incline upwards and inwards. The
Lien, the spleen.  


head of each is divisible into two
Lieno-, pertaining to the spleen.  
parts—inner and outer. Ihe inner part is round, and is received
Ligament, a band or bandage.  
mto the concavity on the outer aspect of the head of the inner rod.  
The outer part is prolonged into a beak-like projection, called the
phalangeal process, which forms part of the lamina reticularis, to be
presently described.  


The auditory or hair cells are arranged in two sets—inner and
Ligula, a little tongue.  
outer. Ihe inner hair-cells lie internal to the row of inner rods, and
form a single row. They are from 3,000 to in number. Their


free extremities, which lie close to the heads of the inner rods, are each
Limbic lobe, gyrus fornicatus.  
provided with a tuft of short, hair-like filaments. The deep, nucleated
Limbous, pertaining to a border.  
ends of the cells are related to the terminal arborizations of nervefibres. Internal to the row of inner hair-cells there are two or more
Limbus, a border.  
rows of columnar cells, which are continuous with the columnar
epithelium of the sulcus spiralis laminae. The outer hair-cells are
disposed in three or four rows external to the outer row of rods. They
are much more numerous than the inner hair-cells. Their free extremities, like those of the inner cells, are each provided with a tuft
of short, hair-like filaments, and their deep, nucleated ends are related
to the terminal arborizations of nerve-fibres.  


Limbus fossae ovalis (or limbus
ovalis), annulus ovalis.


1 he cells of Deiters, which are sustentacular, are situated between
Limen, a threshold.  
the rows of outer hair-cells. Each cell is nucleated and contains a
slender filament, known as the sustentacular filament or phalangeal
process. This filament is attached by its base to the basilar membrane, and is prolonged into the tapering upper end of the cell. It
terminates in an expansion, which forms a phalanx of the lamina
reticularis, to be presently described.  


The cells of Hensen are disposed as a continuous layer external
Linea, a line.  
to the lamina reticularis.  


Lines, oblique (tibia), soleal line.
Lines, oblique internal (jaw), mylohyoid line.


Lines (occiput), nuchal lines.


Lines, popliteal, soleal line.


THE EAR 1693
Lingual, pertaining to the tongue.
Lingula, a little tongue.


External to the cells of Hensen there are the cubical or columnar
Lister’s tubercle, dorsal tubercle of  
cells of Claudius: these are merely an epithelial lining layer.  
radius.  


The reticular lamina extends between the heads of the rods of
Longissimus, longest.  
Corti and the cells of Hensen. It consists of phalanges, which are
arranged in two (or more) rows—inner and outer. The phalanges of
the inner row are formed by the phalangeal processes of the heads of the
outer rods of Corti. The phalanges of the outer row (or rows) are
formed by the phalangeal processes of the cells of Deiters. Between
the phalanges there are openings through which the outer ends of
the outer hair-cells, with their crescentic tufts of hair-like filaments,
project.  


The membrana tectoria, or membrane of Corti, which is elastic,
Longitudinal sinus, sagittal sinus.  
is the most superficial structure in connection with the spiral organ.  
Lower, tubercle of, intervenous
It extends from the limbus spiralis near, and external to, the attachment of the vestibular membrane to the region of the outer hair-cells.
tubercle (heart).
It covers (1) the limbus laminae spiralis; (2) the labium vestibulare,


Lumbar, pertaining to the loin.
Lumbricalis, like an earth-worm.
Lunar, pertaining to the moon.
Lunula, a little moon; a crescent.
Luteum, of a yellow colour.


Luys’ nucleus, subthalamic body.
Lymphatic, from lympha, pure or
spring water; lymph.


Lyra, a lyre; hippocampal commissure.


- Hehcotrema
McBurney’s point (base of appendix),


junction of lower and middle
thirds of spino-umbilical line.
Macula, a spot.


Scala Vestibuli
Magendie, foramen, median aperture
of fourth ventricle.


Magnum, os, capitate bone.


Membranous Spiral
Malar, pertaining to the cheek.
Lamina


Malar bone, zygomatic bone.
Malleolus, a small hammer or mallet.


Scala Tympani
Malleus, a hammer or mallet.




1
Mamma, a breast or pap.


1
Mammilla, a little breast or pap.
Properly spelt mamilla.


Expansion of Cochlear Nerve
Mandible, the chewing bone— i.e.,
lower jaw.


Fig. 1042.—Section of the Cochlea, showing the Distribution of the
Manubrium, a handle or hilt.  
Cochlea Branch of the Auditory Nerve (magnified) (Hirschfeld
and Reveille).  


and the auditory teeth; (3) the sulcus laminae spiralis; (4) the inner
Marshall, oblique vein, oblique vein
hair-cells; (5) the inner and outer rods of Corti; (6) the cells of Deiters;
of left atrium.  
and (7) the lamina reticularis.  


Auditory Nerve.—The auditory nerve, within the meatus auditorius
Massa intermedia, interthalamic
internus, breaks up into two divisions—vestibular and cochlear.


The vestibular nerve, as it traverses the meatus auditorius internus, has a gangliform enlargement, the vestibular ganglion, and
connexus.  
divides into three branches. These enter the vestibule through the
foramina in the superior vestibular area of the lamina cribrosa at the
deep end of the internal meatus. They are distributed to the macula
utriculi and to the cristae acusticas of the ampullae of the superior
and external semicircular canals.  


The cochlear nerve in the meatus auditorius internus divides into
Masseter, the chewing muscle.  
two branches—one to the macula sacculi, and the other to the crista
of the ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal. The filaments of
the former, which has a gangliform enlargement, pass through the foramina in the inferior vestibular area of the lamina cribrosa, and the


Mastoid, breast- or pap-like (nipplelike).


Maxilla, jaw.


Meatus (pi. Meatfis), a passage or
canal.


Meckel’s cave, cavum trigeminale.


Meckel’s diverticulum, diverticulum
ilei.


Mediastinum, standing in the middle;
a partition.


Medulla, marrow.


Megacephalic, having a large head.


Megaseme, having a large index.


Meibomian glands, tarsal glands.


Meissner’s plexus, plexus of the submucosa.


A MANUAL OF ANATOMY
Membrane, costo-coracoid, clavi
pectoral fascia.


Meninges, membranes.


1694
Meniscus, a crescent.


latter passes through the foramen singulare in the lamina cribrosa.
Meniscus (knee), semilunar cartilage.  
The cochlear nerve, having parted with these two branches, breaks
up into filaments which pass through the foramina of the cochlear
area of the lamina cribrosa, and so reach the base of the modiolus
of the cochlea. They traverse the canals of the modiolus, from which
they pass into the canals between the two layers of the lamina spiralis.
In doing so they have to cross the spiral canal of the modiolus, which
is situated close to the attached margin of the lamina spiralis. This
canal contains a ganglion, called the spiral ganglion, which follows
the windings of the canal, and contains bipolar nerve-cells. As the
auditory fibres pass from the canals of the modiolus into those of
the lamina spiralis the course of each fibre is probably interrupted
by a bipolar cell of the spiral ganglion. The nerve-fibres, leaving
these bipolar cells, traverse the canals between the two layers of the
lamina spiralis. Having lost their medullary sheaths, they pass
through the foramina of the labium tympanicum on the outer margin
of the limbus spiralis, and enter the basilar membrane, where they
end in arborizations which are connected with the inner and outer
hair-cells.  


Blood-supply of the Labyrinth.—The labyrinth derives its blood
Mental, pertaining to the chin.  
from the internal auditory, which is a branch of the basilar artery
or of the anterior inferior cerebellar. The vessel traverses the meatus
auditorius internus, and divides at its deep end into two branches—
vestibular and cochlear. The vestibular artery supplies the utricle,
saccule, and semicircular canals, and the cochlear artery supplies the  
cochlea.  


The veins of the labyrinth ultimately join to form one vessel, called
Mesaticephalic, having a head with
the internal auditory vein, which opens into the inferior petrosal
an index of mean value.  
sinus. The aqueductus cochleae and the aqueductus vestibuli each
transmit a vein; that which passes through the former joins the inferior
petrosal sinus or the bulb of the internal jugular vein, and that which
passes through the latter opens into the superior petrosal sinus.  


Mesencephalon, the mid-brain.


Development of the Ear.  
Mesentery, in the middle of, or
among, the intestines.  


Internal Ear—Membranous Labyrinth. —The membranous labyrinth is
Mesial, nearer to the sagittal plane
developed from the surface ectoderm in a manner similar to the development
of the body.  
of the crystalline lens. Over a circumscribed area, corresponding to the upper
end of the first visceral cleft, and upon the side of the hind-brain, the ectoderm
becomes thickened and invaginated. A depression is thus formed, which is
called the auditory pit. This pit becomes deepened, its mouth becomes constricted, and its lips, coming together, unite. The auditory pit then becomes
transformed into a closed sac, called the auditory or otic vesicle, or otocyst.
The auditory vesicle now becomes isolated from the surface ectoderm, and sinks
into the adjacent mesoderm, taking up a position close to the side of the hindbrain.  


The auditory vesicle, which is at first almost spherical, soon becomes pyriform, this being due to the formation of a process, called the recess of the labyrinth
Meso-, in the midst of. In compounds usually implies a structure
or vestibule, which is prolonged from its dorsal wall. As this process lengthens
like a mesentery, a peritoneal attachment fold.  
it gives rise to the ductus endolymphaticus, which occupies the aqueductus
vestibuli of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The expanded terminal


Mesocephalic, pertaining to a head
of mean capacity.


Mesogastrium=meso- (q.v.) and
stomach.


THE EAR
Mesognathion, middle jaw.




1695


part of the ductus endolymphaticus is called the saccus endolymphaticus, and it
lies underneath the dura mater. The ventral aspect of the vesicle gives off a
tapering diverticulum, which gives rise to the ductus cochlearis, or scala media,
of the cochlea. This duct describes a bend, within which lies the cochlear
ganglion of the cochlear division of the auditory nerve. As the duct elongates
it continues to bend in a spiral manner, and so the ductus cochlearis is formed.
The cochlear ganglion elongates, and follows the spiral turns of the duct, from
which circumstance the ganglion is known as the ganglion spirale.


The three semicircular ducts are developed from the upper or cephalic part
of the auditory vesicle, this part representing the future utricle. This portion
of the vesicle presents two folds—vertical and horizontal. From the vertical
fold the superior and posterior semicircular canals are formed, whilst the horizontal fold gives rise to the lateral semicircular canal.


The auditory vesicle now becomes transversely constricted, and is divided
into two sacs—large and small. The large sac is called the utricle, from which
the semicircular ducts have just been developed. The small sac is called the
saccule, from which the ductus cochlearis has been developed. The portion
of this duct which communicates with the saccule becomes constricted, and
forms the canalis reuniens of Hensen.


The constriction which completely divides the auditory vesicle into utricle
and saccule also involves the vesicular end of the ductus endolymphaticus, and
divides it into two ducts, called the ductus utriculi and ductus sacculi. This
arrangement constitutes the only communication which now exists between the
utricle and the saccule.


As stated, the cochlear ganglion, or ganglion spirale, of the cochlear division
of the auditory nerve lies within the spiral turns of the ductus cochlearis. As
the osseous cochlea becomes formed, the ganglion spirale comes to occupy the
spiral canal of the modiolus. The vestibular ganglion of the vestibular division
of the auditory nerve lies in the internal auditory meatus after the completion
of ossification.


The membranous labyrinth, hitherto considered, is entirely epithelial.
GLOSSARY
Certain of its epithelial cells undergo important specializations to fit them for
sensorial purposes. These cells form six groups in definite regions. These groups
are as follows: (1) The crista acustica ampullaris, of which there are three, one in
the ampulla of each of the three epithelial semicircular canals; (4) the macula
(1 acustica) utriculi’, (5) the macula ( acustica) sacculi', and (6) the spiral organ {of
Corti), specialized from the epithelial ductus cochlearis. The groups connected
with the ampullae of the semicircular canals, the utricle, and the saccule, receive
their nerve-fibres from the vestibular ganglion of the vestibular division of the
auditory nerve. The organ of Corti receives its nerve-fibres from the cochlear
ganglion, or ganglion spirale, of the cochlear division of the auditory nerve.


Osseous Labyrinth. —The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by mesodermic
tissue, which becomes disposed in four layers. These layers, from within outwards,
may be spoken of as (1) the connective-tissue layer, (2) the gelatinous layer,
(3) the perichondrial layer, and (4) the cartilaginous layer. The connectivetissue layer forms the connective tissue of the various parts of the epithelial
labyrinth. The fibrous tissue of the gelatinous layer acquires vacuoles, and gives
place to the various perilymphatic spaces, which contain a fluid called the perilymph. In the case of the cochlea, the scala vestibuli and scala tympani alone
contain perilymph, the cochlear duct containing endolymph. The perichondrial
layer forms the lining perichondrium of the periotic cartilaginous capsule, and
subsequently becomes the lining periosteum of the osseous labyrinth. The
cartilaginous layer forms the periotic cartilaginous capsule, which undergoes
ossification, and gives rise, amongst other parts, to the osseous labyrinth, which
jg q£ i ar ger size than the membranous labyrinth. The osseous semicircular canals
conform in shape to the membranous semicircular ducts, but are of larger size.
The osseous vestibule differs from the membranous vestibule in being a single
osseous case, whereas its contents are the utricle and the saccule.


Whilst the perilymph lies external to the membranous labyrinth, the interior
Mesometrium=meso- [q-v.) and
womb.


Mesonephros, mid-kidney.


Mesorhine, pertaining to an intermediate nasal index; a condition
intermediate between broad-nosed
and narrow-nosed.
Mesosalpinx =meso- (q.v.) and tube.
Mesoseme, intermediate index.
Meta-, after or beyond.
Meta-nephros, hind-kidney.
Metencephalon, the after-brain.
Metopic, pertaining to the forehead.
Metopism, persistence of the metopic
or frontal suture.
Microcephalic, pertaining to a small
head.
Microseme, small index.
Middle commissure, interthalamic
connexus.
Millimetre (mm.), slightly less than
2V of an English inch.
Minimae, least, smallest.
Mitral, resembling an Asiatic headdress, or mitre.
Modiolus, the nave of a wheel.
Molar, pertaining to a mill, or to
grinding.
Monro, foramen, interventricular
foramen.
Mons veneris, mons pubis.
Montanum, pertaining to a mountain.
Monticulus, a small mountain.
Morbus, a disease.
Muliebris, pertaining to a woman,
feminine.
Miillerian duct, para-mesonephric
duct.
Multangulum majus, os, trapezium.
Multifidus, many cleft; divided into
many parts.
Musculo-spiral nerve, radial nerve.
Myelencephalon, marrow-brain.
Myeloplaxes, marrow-plates.
Myentericus, pertaining to the muscular tissue of the bowel.
Mylo-, pertaining to a mill.
Myocardium, the muscular tissue of
the heart.
Myrtiform, like a myrtle-berry.
1707
Nares, posterior, posterior apertures
of nose.
Naris (pi. nares), a nostril.
Nasal, pertaining to the nose.
Natal, pertaining to the buttock.
Natis (pi. nates), the buttock.
Navicular, pertaining to a boat.
Nephros, a kidney.
Neural, pertaining to a nerve.
Neuroglia, literally ‘ nerve glue.’
Nictitans, winking.
Norma, a rule or measure (aspect).
Notochord, string or cord of the back.
Nucha, the nape of the neck.
Nuck, canal, vaginal process.
Nucleus, a kernel.
Nuhn, glands, anterior lingual (seromucous) glands.
Nymphae, nymphs or goddesses of
the fountains, woods, trees, etc.;
labia minora.
Obelion, a horizontal line (perhaps
a little spit).
Obex, a bolt; a barrier.
Obturator, one who closes or stops
up.
Occipital, pertaining to the back
part of the head.
Odontoblast, a tooth-germ.
Odontoid, tooth-like.
Odoriferae, carrying odours.
(Esophagus, food-carrier.
Olecranon, head or point of the
forearm.
Olfactory, pertaining to smell.
Olfactory trigone, olfactory pyramid.
Olivary, pertaining to an olive.
Omentum, that which is drawn over.
Omentum, gastro - hepatic, lesser
omentum.
Omentum, gastro-splenic, gastrosplenic ligament.
Omo-, pertaining to the shoulder.
Omphalo-, pertaining to the navel.
Operculum, a cover or lid.
Ophryon, the eyebrow.
Ophthalmic, pertaining to the eye.
Opisthion, hinder or rear.
Opisthotic, behind the ear.
1708
GLOSSARY
Optic, pertaining to sight.
Optic thalamus, thalamus.
Ora, a border or margin.
Orthognathous pertaining to a
straight (non-projecting) jaw.
Os incae, interparietal bone.
Os japonicum, bi-partite zygomatic
bone.
Os magnum, capitate bone.
Os, oris, a mouth.
Os, ossis, a bone.
Os tincae, external os of uterus.
Ossicle of Kerckring, occasional
centre in posterior margin of
foramen magnum.
Osteoblast, bone-germ.
Osteoclast, bone-destroyer.
Osteogenetic, bone-forming.
Ostium, a door, entrance, or exit.
Otic, pertaining to the ear.
Otoconia, ear-dust.
Otoliths, ear-stones.
Ovary, egg-forming organ.
Oxyntic, producing acid.
Pacchionian bodies, arachnoid granulations.
Pacinian corpuscles, lamellated corpuscles.
Palatum, the palate.
Pallium, a covering.
Palmar, pertaining to the palm.
Palpebra, an eyelid.
Pampiniform, tendril-like.
Pancreas, literally, all or completely
flesh.
Para-, near, by the side of.
Paradidymis, near the testis.
Parametrium, near the womb.
Parietal, pertaining to a wall.
Paroophoron, near the egg-bearing
organ; medial mesonephric tubules.
Parbtid, near the ear.
Parovarium, epoophoron.
Pars intermedia (Wrisberg), sensory
root of facial nerve.
Patella, a small dish; a plate.
Pecten, another name for the os
pubis; a comb.
Pectinatus, pertaining to a comb.
Pectineal or Pectineus, associated
with the pecten bone or os pubis.
Pectiniform, comb-like.
Pectoralis, pertaining to the breast.
Peduncle of corpus callosum, paraterminal gyrus.
Pelvis, a basin.
Penicillus, a painter’s brush or pencil.
Penis, a tail, or pendant process.
Peri-, around, about, or near.
Pericardium, around the heart.
Perineum, from a Greek verb meaning ‘ I dwell, or am situated,
around/
Perineum, central point of, perineal
body.
Periosteum, around bone.
Periotic, around the ear.
Peritoneum, from a Greek word
meaning ‘ stretched around/
Peroneal or Peroneus, ‘ pertaining
to the peronee/ the Greek name for
fibula.
Petit’s canal, zonular spaces.
Petit’s triangle, lumbar triangle.
Petrous, rocky.
Phalanx, a rank of soldiers.
Pharynx, the throat.
Phenozygous, having visible arches.
Philtrum, a love potion.
Phrenic, pertaining to the diaphragm.
Pineal, belonging to, or like, a pinenut or pine-cone.
Pinna, a kind of shell-fish; a feather
or wing.
Pisiform, like a pea.
Pituitary, pertaining to phlegm or
mucus; hypophysis.
Placenta, a flat cake.
Plagiocephalous, pertaining to an
oblique or twisted head.
Planta, the sole of the foot.
Plantar, pertaining to the sole of the
foot.
Platycnemism, broadness of leg.
Platyrhine, having a broad nose.
Platysma, a broad sheet.
Pleura, a rib.
iyog
GLOSSARY
i
Plexus, a twining or network.
Plexus, Auerbach’s, myenteric plexus.
Plexus, gulae, cesophageal plexus.
Plexus, Meissner’s, plexus of the
submucosa.
Plica, a fold.
Plica hypogastrica, lateral umbilical
fold.
Plica urachi, median umbilical fold.
Plicae palmatae (uterus), arbor vitae.
Pneumogastric, pertaining to the
breathing organs and stomach.
Pocularis, pertaining to a cup.
Pollex, the thumb.
Pomum Adami, laryngeal prominence.
Pons, a bridge.
Popliteal or Popliteus, pertaining to
the ham.
Porta, a gate.
Portal, pertaining to a gate.
Portio major and minor, sensory and
motor roots of trigeminal nerve.
Postaxiah r , , T
Preaxial / see Cha P ter L
Posterior vesicular column (Clarke),
thoracic (or dorsal) nucleus.
Posticus, posterior.
Poupart’s ligament, inguinal liga
ment.
Primary divisions (of spinal nerves),
anterior and posterior rami.
Proctodaeum, the threshold of the
anus.
Prognathous, having a projecting
lower jaw.
Proligerus, bearing offspring; germinating.
Pro-nephros, fore-kidney.
Pro-otic, before the ear.
Prosencephalon, the fore-brain.
Prostate, standing before; or, more
probably, pertaining to a porch
or vestibule.
Psalterium, a psaltery or instrument
of the lute kind.
Psalterium (lyra), hippocampal commissure.
Psoas, from a Greek word meaning
* the muscles of the loins,’ and
secondarily ‘ the loins themselves.’
Pterion, a wing.
Pterotic, pertaining to a wing.
Pterygoid, wing-like.
Pubes, the hair which appears on the
external genital organs at the age
of puberty.
Pubic, pertaining to the os pubis.
Pudendal, pertaining to the pudendum.
Pudendum, ‘ of which one ought to
be ashamed.’
Pudic, modest or chaste.
Pulmo, a lung.
Pulmonary, belonging to the lungs.
Pulvinar, a couch or cushion,
Putamen, trimmings or clippings.
Pyloric vestibule, pyloric antrum.
Pylorus, literally, a gate-keeper.
Pyriformis, pear-shaped.
Quadratus, square.
Quadriceps, having four heads.
Quadrigeminus, fourfold, four.
Racemose, pertaining to a cluster of
grapes; full of clusters; clustering.
Radius, a staff or rod; the spoke of
a wheel.
Ramus, a branch.
Ranine, pertaining to a frog.
Raphe, a seam.
Receptaculum, a receptacle.
Receptaculum chyli, cisterna chyli.
Rectus, straight.
Recurrent, running back.
Refractory, breaking up.
Reil, island of, insula.
Ren, a kidney.
Restiform, like a rope or cord.
Restiform body, inferior cerebellar
peduncle.
Rete, a net.
Retina, from rete, a net.
Retrahens, drawing back.
Retzius, cave, retro-pubic space.
Revehens, carrying back.
Rhinencephalon, the ‘ nose ’ or olfactory brain.
Rhinion, a nose.
Rhombencephalon, the rhomb-brain
(hind-brain).
1710
GLOSSARY
Rhomboid ligament, costoclavicular
ligament.
Riedel’s lobe, an elongation of lower
margin of right lobe of liver (due
to pressure).
Rima, a cleft or chink.
Risorius, laughing.
Rivini, ducts, sublingual ducts.
Rolando, fissure, central sulcus.
Rostrum, a beak.
Rotula, a little wheel.
Rugae, wrinkles.
Saccus reuniens, sinus venosus
(heart).
Sacrum, sacred; derivation and original meaning very doubtful.
Sagittal, pertaining to an arrow;
antero-posterior.
Salpinx, a trumpet or tube.
Salvatella, saving, or making well.
Santorini, cartilages, corniculate cartilages.
Santorini, duct, accessory pancreatic
duct.
Santorini, fissures, clefts in cartilage
of exterior auditory meatus.
Saphenous, apparent, manifest.
Sartorius, pertaining to a tailor.
Scala, a ladder, flight of steps, or
staircase.
Scala media, duct of cochlea.
Scalenus, of unequal sides.
Scansorius, of, or for, climbing.
Scaphocephalous, having a head like
a boat.
Scaphoid, like a boat.
Scapula, a spade; probably from a
Greek verb meaning ‘ I dig/
Scarpa’s triangle, femoral triangle.
Schlemm, canal, sinus venosus
sclerae.
Schindylesis, a splitting or cleavage.
Sciatic (identical with Ischiatic),
pertaining to the hip.
Sclera, hard.
Sclerotic, hard; sclera.
Scrobiculus, a little ditch or trench.
Scrotum, a skin bag or pouch; a hide
(probably originally ‘ scortum J ).
Sebaceous, pertaining to grease.
Sella, a seat; a saddle.
Semilunar bone, lunate.
Semilunar fold of Douglas, arcuate
line.
Seminalis, pertaining to semen.
Septum, a fence or barrier.
Serotinus, that comes or happens
late.
Serratus, jagged like a saw.
Sesamoid, like sesame (a kind of
grain).
Shrapnell’s membrane, flaccid part
of membrana tympani.
Sibson’s fascia, suprapleural membrane.
Sigmoid, like the Greek letter S
(sigma).
Sigmoid cavity, greater, trochlear
notch.
Sigmoid cavity, lesser, radial notch.
Sigmoid cavity (of radius), ulnar
notch.
Sigmoid notch (mandible), mandibular notch.
Sinus, a cavity or hollow.
Sinus, Valsalva, of, sinuses of aorta.
Smegma, a cleanser.
Solar, relating to the sun.
Solar plexus, coeliac plexus.
Soleus, a sole or sandal; a sole-fish.
Sperma, seed or semen.
Spermatic, pertaining to semen.
Spermatoblast, a seminal bud.
Spermatozoa (plural), seminal
animals.
Sphenoid, wedge-like.
Spheno-maxillary fossa, pterygopalatine fossa.
Sphenotic, pertaining to the sphenoid
bone and ear-capsule.
Sphincter, binding or closing tight.
Spigelian lobe, caudate lobe.
Splanchnic, pertaining to viscera.
Splenium, a bandage or compress.
Splenius, pertaining to a bandage.
Squamous, scaly.
Stapes, a stirrup.
Stellatum, starry.
Stensen’s duct, parotid duct.
/
GLOSSARY
Stephanion, a crown or wreath.
Sternebra, a segment of the sternum.
Sternum, the breast or chest.
Stomata, mouths or pores.
Stomatodaeum or Stomodaeum, the
threshold of the mouth.
Stria medullaris, stria habenularis.
Striae acusticae, auditory striae.
Striae medullares, auditory striae.
Styloid, pen-like.
Subflava, somewhat yellow.
Subiculum, an under layer or support.
Submaxillary, submandibular.
Substantia gelatinosa (Roland), gelatinous matter.
Sudoriferous, sweat-carrying.
Sulcus, a furrow.
Supercilium, an eyebrow.
Supracallosal gyrus, indusium griseum.
Sural, pertaining to the calf of the
leg.
Sustentaculum, a prop or support.
Sustentaculum lienis, phrenico-colic
ligament.
Suture, a sewing together, a seam.
Sylvius, aqueduct, aqueduct of midbrain.
Symphysis, growth together.
Syn-, with; together with (union or
harmony may be implied).
Synarthrosis, literally, a * together
with ' (direct) joint; fibrous joint.
Synchondrosis, bound together with
cartilage; cartilaginous joint.
Syndesmosis, bound together with
bands or bonds.
Synovia, resemblance to the white
of an egg.
Taenia, a band or ribbon.
Talus, a die (pi. dice); the ankle-bone.
Tapetum, a carpet or coverlet.
Tarsus, a broad flat surface; the
instep.
Tectorius, pertaining to a cover.
Tegmen, a covering.
Tegmentum, a covering.
Tela, a web.
Telencephalon, the end-brain.
1711
Temporal, pertaining to the temples
of the head.
Tendo Achillis, tendo calcaneus.
Tendon, from tendo, ‘ I stretch.’
Tenon’s capsule, fascial sheath of
eyeball.
Tentorium, a tent.
Tenuis, slender, small.
Teres, rounded.
Testis, a witness.
Thalamencephalon, the bedchamberbrain, or inter-brain.
Thalamus, a bedchamber; a marriage-bed.
Thebesian valve, valve of coronary
sinus.
Thebesian veins, venae cordis minimae.
Theca, a cover, case, or sheath.
Thenar, the flat of the hand.
Thorax, the breast or chest; a breastplate.
Thymus, thyme.
Thyroid, like a shield.
Tibia, a pipe or flute; the shin-bone.
Tinea, a small fish, perhaps the tench.
Tonsil, palatine, tonsil.
Tonsil, pharyngeal, naso-pharyngeal
tonsil.
Torcular, a wine-press (twisting is
implied).
Torcular Herophili, confluens sinuum.
Torus, a protuberance.
Torus tubarius, tubal elevation.
Trabecula, a little beam.
Trachea (‘ rough ’), the wind-pipe.
Trachelo-, belonging to the neck.
Tragus, a goat.
Trapezium, a table; a four-sided,
figure, no two sides of which are
parallel to one another.
Trefoil, having three leaves.
Treitz, muscle, suspensory muscle of
duodenum.
Treves, bloodless fold of, ileo-csecal
fold.
Triangular fascia, reflected part of
inguinal ligament.
Triangular fibro-cartilage, articular
disc.
1712
GLOSSARY
Triangular ligament, inferior or superficial layer; perineal membrane.
Triceps, having three heads.
Trigeminus, threefold, triple.
Trigdnocephalus, a triangular head.
Trigonum, a triangle; triangular.
Triquetrum, three-cornered; triangular.
Triticea, wheaten, or like a grain of
wheat.
Trochanter, from a Greek verb meaning ‘ I roll, turn, or revolve.'
Trochlea, the wheel of a pulley.
Trochlear, pulley-shaped.
Trochlearthrosis, a pulley-joint.
Trochoides, wheel-like.
Trolard, vein of, superior anastomotic
vein.
Tuba, a trumpet.
Tubarius, pertaining to a trumpet.
Tube, auditory, pharyngo-tympanic
tube.
Tube, Eustachian, pharyngo-tympanic tube.
Tubercle, a small swelling.
Tubercle, articular, articular eminence.
Tubercle, greater multangular, of,
crest of trapezium.
Tubercle, Lister’s, dorsal tubercle of
radius.
Tubercle, Lower, of, intervenous
tubercle (heart).
Tubercle, radial, dorsal tubercle of
radius.
Tuberosity, an exaggerated tubercle.
Turbinals or turbinate bones, conchse.
Turbinate, whirled or coiled; like a
top.
Turbo, a whirl or coil; a top.
Turcica, Turkish.
Tympanum, a drum.
Ulna, the elbow, but more usually
the forearm.
Umbilicus, the navel.
Umbo, a boss or knob.
Unciform, hook-like.
Unciform bone, hamate.
Uncinate, furnished with a hook.
Ungual, relating to a nail.
Unguis, a nail.
Unicornis, one-horned.
Urachus, urine-holder.
Ureter, from a Greek verb meaning
‘ I pass urine.'
Urethra, the canal by which urine is
passed.
Uriniferous, urine-carrying.
Uterus, the womb or matrix.
Uterus masculinus, prostatic utricle.
Utricle, a little womb or matrix.
Uvea, from uva, a bunch of grapes;
a cluster.
Uvula, a small bunch of grapes.
Vagina, a scabbard or sheath.
Vagus, strolling about, wandering,
vagrant.
Valgus, bow-legged.
Vallecula, a little valley.
Vallecula Sylvii, vallecula cerebri.
Vallum, a rampart.
Valsalva, sinuses, sinuses of aorta.
Valve, bicuspid, left atrio-ventricular
valve.
Valve, Eustachian, valve of inferior
vena cava.
Valve, ileo-caecal, ileo-colic valve.
Valve, mitral, left atrio-ventricular
valve.
Valve, Thebesian, valve of coronary
sinus.
Valve, tricuspid, right atrio-ventricular valve (cusps are anterior
inferior medial).
Valve, Vieussens, superior medullary
velum.
Varus, bent or turned inwards.
Vas (pi. vasa), a vessel.
Velum, a curtain or veil.
Velum interpositum, tela choroidea.
Velum palatinum, soft palate.
Veneris, ' of Venus.’
Ventral, pertaining to the belly.
Ventricle of larynx, sinus of larynx.
Vermiform, like a worm.
Vertebra, primarily means a joint,
but more particularly a joint of
the spine.
GLOSSARY
Vertex, the top or crown of the head.
Veru, a dart, javelin, or spear.
Verumontanum, urethral crest.
Vesalii, foramen, emissary sphenoidal
foramen.
Vesica, the urinary bladder.
Vesical, pertaining to the urinary
bladder.
Vespertilio, a bat.
Vestibular nucleus, principal or
dorsal; medial nucleus.
Vestigial, pertaining to a trace.
Vestigium, a trace or vestige.
Vibrissa, a stiff hair of the nostril.
Vicq d’Azyr, bundle of, mamillothalamic tract.
Vidian canal, pterygoid canal.
Vidian nerve, nerve of pterygoid
canal.
Vieussens, ansa of, ansa subclavia.
Vieussens, valve, superior medullary
velum.
Villus, shaggy hair; a tuft of hair.
Vinculum, a band or bond.
Vitelline, pertaining to the yolk of
an egg.
Vitellus, the yolk of an egg.
Vitreous, like glass, glassy.
Vola, the palm of the hand.
Volar, pertaining to the palm; palmar, or anterior.
Vomer, a ploughshare.
I 7 I 3
Vorticosse, full of whirlpools, eddying, coiled.
Vulva, a wrapper or covering.
Wharton’s duct, submandibular
duct.
Willis, circle of, circulus arteriosus.
Winslow, foramen, opening of lesser
sac.
Winslow, ligament, oblique posterior
ligament of knee.
Wirsung, duct, pancreatic duct.
Wolffian duct, mesonephric duct.
Wood’s muscle, abductor metatarsi
quinti.
Wormian bones, sutural bones.
Wrisberg, cartilage, cuneiform cartilage.
Wrisberg, ligament, accessory attachment of lateral semilunar cartilage.
Wrisberg, nerve, medial cutaneous
nerve of arm.
Xiphoid, like a sword.
Y-shaped ligament of Bigelow, iliofemoral ligament.
Zinn, inferior tendon or ligament
(eye), lower part of common tendinous ring.
Zinn, zonule, ciliary zonule.
Zygoma, a yoke.
108
INDEX
Arteries, nerves, ligaments, joints, muscles, and veins are classified under corresponding
headings. Where a number is given in heavy type, the principal reference is indicated.
Abapical pole of ovum, 25
Abdomen, 674, 754
division into regions, 755
Abdominal cavity, 756
pregnancy, 19
wall, 704
landmarks of, 704
Abducent nerve, 1166, 1447, 1616
in orbit, 1254
Abductor digiti minimi (foot), 646
(hand), 496
hallucis, 644
ossis metatarsi quinti, 643
pollicis brevis, 493
longus, 505
Abernethy, fascia of, 854
Aberrant ductules, 751
Abnormal definition, 5
Accessory bile-ducts, 779
nerve. See Cranial nerves
obturator nerve, 580, 847
process, 140
Acervulus cerebri, 1590
Acetabulum, 340
ossification of, 341
Acrocephaly, 270
Acromial anastomosis, 443
Acromion, 296 , 298
Acromio-clavicular joint, 444
Acromio-thoracic artery, 426
Adamantoblasts, 287
Addison's lines, 755
Adductor brevis, 577
hallucis, 649
longus, 576
magnus, 577
minimus, 578
pollicis, 494, 496
Adenoids, 1373
Agger nasi, 214
Aggregated nodules, 868
Air-cells, mastoid, i88
sphenoidal, 199
Akinesis, 9
Ala cinerea, 1490
of frontal bone, 181
orbitalis, 273
of sacrum, 148
temporalis, 275
Alae of ethmoid, 207
of vomer, 228
Alar thoracic artery, 427
Alimentary canal (embryonic), 23
Allantoic diverticulum, 31
Allantois, 31, 32, 33, 954
Alveolar arches, 1337
index, 269
point, 244, 268
process of maxilla, 214
Alveoli, pulmonary, 1028
Alveus, 1525, 1569
Ambiguus nucleus, 1625 , 1626, 1627
Ameloblasts, 287
Amitosis, 9, 12
Amnion, 27, 30, 32, 106
Amniotic cavity, 25, 26, 32
duct, 32
fluid, 106
folds, 31, 32
Amphioxus gastrulation, 35
mesoderm, 36
Ampulla of duodenum, 865
of ear, 1684
of rectum, 944
of vas deferens, 935
Amygdaloid nucleus, 1524, 1532
tubercle, 1524
Anal canal, development of, 965
of female, 978
lymphatics of, 964
of male, 945
structure of, 961
columns, 961
fascia, 922
membrane, 965
valves, 962
Analogy, 122
Anaphase, 10
Anastomosis, acromial, 443
cruciate, 538, 585 , 587
round, elbow-joint, 479
knee-joint, 548
scapular, 441
trochanteric, 585
Anatomical description, 2
snuff-box, 484
textbooks, 2
Anatomy, 1
1714
INDEX
1715
Anconeus muscle, 500
Angle, cranio-facial, 260
of eye, 1289
of mandible, 232
pubic, 339, 552
sacro-vertebral, 151
sternal, 102, 1013
subcostal, 165
subpubic, 344
Angles of pharyngeal lateral pouches. 70,76
Angular process, medial, 181
Animal cell, 8
Ankle-joint, 661
Annular-ligament of radius, 520
Annulus fibrosus—
of intervertebral disc, 1107
of tympanic membrane, 1676
ovalis, 1055
Ano-coccygeal body, 675
Ansa hypoglossi, 1206
lenticularis, 1531, 1539 , 1567
peduncularis, 1565, 1567
subclavia, 1239, 1335
Antecubital lymphatic glands, 452, 514
Antihelix, 1295
Antinion, 268
Antitragicus muscle, 1296
Antrum, definition, 115
pyloric, 760
tympanic, 188, 1681
Anus, 674
development of, 965
imperforate, 965
lymphatics of, 964
Aorta, abdominal, 825
branches of, 825
guides to bifurcation of, 708
arch of, 1037
development of, 1041
ascending, 1033
branches of, 1036
development of, 1037
great sinus of, 1036
descending, 1089
development of, 1094
embryonic, 51, 68
thoracic, 1033
varieties of, 1040
Aortic arches, 68, 91, 1118
isthmus, 1038
lymphatic glands, 832
nodule, 1063
orifice, 1062
position of, 1064
plexus, 811
sinuses, 1063
spindle, 1038
valve, 1062
vestibule, 1060
Aortico-renal ganglion, 809
Aperture, bony, of nose, anterior, 244
posterior, 251
median, of fourth ventricle, 1492, 1608
Apex of lung, 1021
Apical pole of ovum, 25
Aponeurosis, bicipital, 453
epicranial, 1156
palatine, 1351
palmar, 484
plantar, 642
Apophysis, 114
Appendices epiploicae, 768, 871
Appendix, vermiform, 764
development of, 63, 872, 883
mesentery of, 764, 787 , 884
Aquatic respiration, 1377
Aqueduct of mid-brain, 1488, 1560
development of, 58, 1561, 1589
of vestibule, 191, 264
Aqueductus cochleae, 193, 1165, 1686
Aqueous humour, 1661
Arachnoid granulations, 1599, 1609
membrane, cranial, 1608
spinal, 1413
Arbor vitae cerebelli, 1485
of uterus, 977
Arc, longitudinal, of skull, 269
Arch, coraco-acromial, 445
crico-thyroid, 1215
femoral, deep, 719, 734
jugular, 1175
nasal, 1154
palato-glossal, 1350
palato-pharyngeal, 1350
palmar, deep, 484, 497 , 499
superficial, 483, 487, 498
plantar, 614, 657
subpubic, 344
superciliary, 181
Archenteric cavity, 25
Archenteron, 27, 30
Arches, arterial, 1118
dental, 281
of foot, 672
visceral, 66, 278
metamorphosis of, 1376
Archoplasm, 9
Arcuate eminence, 189, 263, 1684
fibres of medulla, 1465
ligaments of knee-joint, 631
of diaphragm, 836
line, 727
Arcus parieto-occipitalis, 1501
tendineus, 947
Area, bucco-pharyngeal, 34
cochlear, 190
embryonic, 33
orbital, 1493
proto-cardiac, 34
tentorial, 1493
vestibular, 1491
Areas of Broca, 1446
of cortex, 1569
of Flechsig, 1467
vestibular, superior and inferior, 190
Areola of nipple, 414
Arm, landmarks of, 446
Arteria, centralis retinae, 1260
rectae, 906
thyroidea ima, 1038, 1204, 1221
1716
INDEX
Artery or arteries—
acromio-thoracic, 426
alar thoracic, 427
anastomosis, cruciate, 538, 585 , 87
round, elbow-joint, 479
knee-joint, 548
scapular, 441
aorta, abdominal, 825
branches of, 825
development of, 1041, 1118
guides to bifurcation, 708
arch of, 1037
development of, 1041
ascending, 1033
branches of, 1036
development of, 1037
great sinus of, 1036
descending, 1089
development of, 1094
embryonic, 51, 68
primitive dorsal, 1118
ventral, 1118
thoracic, 1033
varieties of, 1040
aortic arches (emb.), 68, 91
appendicular, 797
arch, crico-thyroid, 1215
palmar, deep, 484, 497 , 499
superficial, 483, 487, 498
plantar, 614, 657
arcuate, 612
ascending pharyngeal, 1219
auditory, internal, 1448, 1576
of auricle, 1672
auricular, deep, 1305
posterior, 1161, 1219
axillary, 425
varieties of, 428
azygos, of vaginal, 980
basilar, 1447, 1575
brachial, 454
collateral circulation after ligature, 457
profunda, 455
varieties of, 456
bronchial, 1090, 1029
buccal, 1282, 1307
of bulb, female, 703
male, 688
bulbar, of vertebral, 1575
caecal, 797
calcaneal, lateral, of peroneal, 626
medial, of post-tibial, 627
calcarine, 1577
capsular, of liver, 885
carotid, common, 1207
left, in thorax, 1039
ligation of, 1210
surgical compression, 1210
internal, 1323
at base of brain, 1449
cavernous part of, 1169
cerebral part of, 1570
development of, 91, 1118,
1122, 1324
Artery or arteries ( continued )—
carotid, internal, petrous part of, 1399
carpal, anterior, of radial, 475
of ulnar, 479
arch, posterior, 478, 508, 511
posterior, of radial, 511
of ulnar, 478
rete, anterior, 478, 479, 498
centralis, retinae, 1260, 1658
cerebellar, anterior inferior, 1448, 1576
posterior inferior, 1575
superior, 1448, 1576
cerebral, anterior, 1449, 1572
middle, 1449, 1573
posterior, 1448, 1576
cerebral areas of, 1577
cervical, ascending, 1242
deep, 1148, 1244
transverse, 1193, 1243
deep branch of, 402, 1192,
1243
superficial branch of, 1142,
1243
of uterine, 980
choroidal, anterior, 1449, 1571
posterior, 1577
ciliary, anterior, 1260, 1651
long, 1260, 1651
posterior, 1260
short, 1260
circulus arteriosus, 1449, 1577
major, 1651
minor, 1651
circumflex, anterior humeral, 427
fibular, 609
iliac, deep, 732
superficial, 508, 712
lateral femoral, 585, 588
medial femoral, 585, 589
posterior humeral, 427, 428
scapular, 427
clitoris, dorsal artery of, 703
cochlear, 1694
coeliac, 811
colic, left, 801
middle, 797
right, 797
communicating, anterior, 1449, 1573
posterior, 1449, 1571
companion artery of sciatic nerve,
538
coronary, of heart, 1036
of uterine, 980
of corpus callosum, 1573
cremasteric, 731
crico-thyroid arch, 1215
branch of superior thyroid, 1214
dental, anterior superior, 1308
inferior, 1307
posterior superior, 1307
dorsalis, indicis, 511
linguae, 1216
pedis, 611
varieties of, 614
pollicis, 511
INDEX
1717
Artery or arteries ( continued )—
epigastric, inferior, 729
branches of, 731
guide to, 708
superficial, 584, 711
superior, 731, 1000
ethmoidal, anterior, 1261, 1281,
1362
posterior, 1261
facial, on face, 1278
in neck, 1217
transverse, 1158, 1281
femoral, 563, 581 » 587
profunda of, 584, 588
fibular, circumflex, 609
of frenulum linguae, 1216
ganglionic, 1449, 1573 , 1577
gastric, left, 812
right, 814
gastro-duodenal, 814
gastro-epiploic, left, 812
right, 814
genicular, of popliteal, 548
gluteal, inferior, 538, 926
superior, 536, 927
helicine, 953
hepatic, 813, 885
varieties of, 815
hyaloid, 1664
ileal, 796
ileo-colic, 787
iliac, circumflex deep, 732
superficial, 712
common, 849
branches of, 851
collateral circulation after
ligature of, 852
guide to, 708
varieties of, 852
external, 853
branches of, 854
collateral circulation after
ligature of, 854
guide to, 708
varieties of branches, 854
internal, 923
branches of, 924
foetal condition of, 923
varieties of, 923
ilio-lumbar, 926
indicis, dorsalis, 511
radialis, 487, 498
infra-hyoid, 1214
infra-orbital, 1282 , 1307
innominate, 1038
varieties of, 1039
intercostal, 997
anterior, 998, 1000
collateral, 1093
lower two, 732, 999
posterior, 998, 1091
superior, 997, 1093, 1243
interlobar, of kidney, 904
interlobular, of kidney, 905
of liver, 885
Artery or arteries ( continued )—
interosseous, anterior, 478
common, 478
posterior, 506, 507
recurrent, 508
of iris, 1651
jejunal, 796
of kidney, 904
labial, inferior, 1279
superior, 1280, 1362
of labyrinth, 1694
lacrimal, 1260
laryngeal, inferior, 1243
superior, 1214
of larynx, 1396
lenticular, 1573
lenticulo-striate, 1573
lenticulo-thalamic, 1573
of ligamentum teres of uterus, 731
lingual, 1215
lumbar, 847
abdominal branches of, 732
branches of, 847
malleolar, lateral anterior, 609
medial anterior, 609
of posterior tibial, 627
mammary, external branches of
lateral thoracic artery, 426
internal, cervical part of, 1242
thoracic part of, 999
branches of, 1000
masseteric, 1307
mastoid of occipital, 1146, 1219
maxillary, 1304
branches of, 1305
median, 478 , 498, 5 1 ^>
meningeal, accessory, 1306, 1600
anterior of ethmoidal, 1599
of ascending pharyngeal, 1220,
1601
of internal carotid, 1600
middle, 1306, 1600
of occipital, 1146, 1219, 1601
of vertebral, 1575, 1601
mental, of facial, 1279
of inferior dental, 1283, 1307
mesenteric inferior, 801
branches of, 801
superior, 796
branches of, 796
metacarpal, dorsal, 511
palmar, 498
metatarsal, dorsal, 613
first plantar, 657
musculo-phrenic, 1000
mylo-hyoid, of inferior dental, 1307
nasal, dorsal, 1261, 1281
lateral, of facial, 1280
nutrient arteries—
of femur, 587
of fibula, 626
of humerus, 455, 456
of radius, 478
of tibia, 626
of ulna, 478
INDEX
1718
Artery or arteries [continued )—
obturator, 589, 925, 927
abnormal, 566
occipital, first part, 1218
descending branch of, 1218
second and third parts, 1146
olecanon rete, 479
ophthalmic, 1170, 1259
ovarian, 830
in pelvis, 978
of palate, soft, 1354
palatine, ascending, of facial, 1217
of ascending pharyngeal, 1220
greater, 1308 , 1338, 1362
lesser, 1308
palmar arch, deep, 484, 497, 499
superficial, 483, 487, 498
palpebral, lateral, 1260, 1281
medial, 1261, 1281
pancreatica magna, 812
pancreatico-duodenal, inferior, 798
superior, 814
pedis, dorsalis, 611
varieties of, 614
perforating, foot, 613, 657
hand, 498
of profunda femoris, 586
pericardiaco-phrenic, 1000
perineal, superficial, of female, 703
of male, 687
transverse, 687
peroneal, 610, 626
branches of, 626
communicating branch of, 627
varieties, 626
pharyngeal, ascending, 1219
of maxillary, 1308
of pharynx, 1373
phrenic, 827
placental, 51
plantar arch, 655, 657
lateral, 655 , 657
medial, 654 , 657
pollicis, dorsalis, 511
princeps, 487, 497
pontine, 1448, 1575
popliteal, 541, 546
varieties of, 548
princeps pollicis, 487, 497
profunda, of brachial, 455
femoris, 584 , 588
linguae, 1216, 1346
of pterygoid canal, 1308, 1362
pterygoid, of maxillary, 1307
pubic, 731
of obturator, 589
pudendal, accessory, 689
deep external, 584
internal, 925
female, 703
in gluteal region, 539
male, 686
superficial external, 584, 710
pulmonary, 1028, 1042
development of, 1042
Artery or arteries [continued )—
pulmonary, trunk, 1042
development of, 1042
radial, 473
first part, 474
recurrent branch of, 475
second part, 509
third part, 497
varieties of, 475, 498
radialis indicis, 487, 498
rectal, 906
inferior, 963
middle, 925, 963
superior, 802, 963
recurrent, anterior tibial, 609
ulnar, 477
posterior interosseous, 508
tibial, 609
ulnar, 477
radial, 475
renal, 827
aberrant, 828
accessory, 828
varieties, 828
rete, olecranon, 479
retinal, 1658
sacral, lateral, 926
median, 946
saphenous, of descending genicular,
587, 589
of scalp, 1153
scapular, circumflex, 427
of sclera, 1643
septal, of facial, 1280
of spheno-palatine, 1308, 1339,
1362
spheno-palatine, 1308, 1361
spinal, anterior, 1447, 1575
lateral, 1434
posterior, 1434, 1447, 1575
of posterior intercostals, 1093,
1411
splenic, 812
striate, 1573
stylo-mastoid, 1219
subclavian, 1237
development of, 1240
left, first part of, 1240
in thorax, 1040
right, first part of, 1237
second part of, 1240
third part of, 1191
guide to, 1192
subcostal, 732, 848, 1093
sublingual, 1216
submental, 1218
subscapular, 427
suprahyoid, 1216
supra-orbital, 1154, 1260
suprarenal, inferior, 828
middle, 827
superior, of phrenic, 827
suprascapular, 402, 438 , ii 93 ; 1243
suprasternal of suprascapular,
43 8 . 1243
INDEX
1719
Artery or arteries ( continued )—
supratrochlear (brachial), 456
of ophthalmic, 1154, 1261
sural cutaneous, 548
tarsal, 612
temporal, anterior deep, 1307
middle, 1158
posterior deep, 1307
superficial, 1158
testicular, 829
terminal part of, 738
varieties, 829
thoracic, alar, 427
lateral, 427
somatic, 1244
superior, 426
thyro-cervical trunk, 1242
thyroid, inferior, 1242
superior, 1213 , 1242
thyroidea ima, 1038, 1204, 1221
tibial, anterior, 607
guide to, 599
recurrent, 609
posterior, 624
guide to, 599
recurrent, 609
varieties, 627
of tongue, 1346
of tonsils, 1215, 1355
tonsillar, of facial, 1217
transverse facial, 1158
tympanic, anterior, 1306
inferior, 1220
of tympanic membrane, 1677
ulnar, 475
collateral, 456
first part, 476
recurrent branches of, 477
second part, 480
third part, 487
varieties, 479. 49$
umbilical, 51, 9 2 3> io8 3
urachal, of superior vesical, 924
ureteric, of superior vesical, 924
uterine, 979
vaginal, 980
azygos, 980
of liver, 885
of uterine, 980
vas aberrans, brachial, 456, 475
to vas deferens, 738, 925
vertebral, at base of brain, 1447
development of, 1121, 1242
first part, 1241
fourth part, 1574
second part, 1241
third part, 1151
varieties of, 1242
vesical, inferior, 925
superior, 924
vestibular, 1694
zygomatic, 115 8
Articular discs— . .
of acromio-clavicular joint, 444
of mandibular joint, 1318
| Articular discs ( continued )—
of radio-ulnar joint, 520
of sterno-clavicular joint, 444
Articularis genu muscle, 573
Articular nerves—
ankle-joint, 610, 615, 627, 663
calcaneo-cuboid, 654
carpal joints, 507, 525
carpo-metacarpal, 526
elbow-joint, 461, 480, 519
hip-joint, 545, 574, 580, 597
intermetacarpal, 526
interphalangeal, foot. 653, 654
shoulder-joint, 432, 464
talo-calcanean, 615
tarsal, 614, 652, 654
tarso-metatarsal, 614, 652, 654
tibio-fibular, inferior, 550, 610, 660
intermediate, 660
superior, 550, 659
wrist-joint, 489, 507, 523
Aryepiglottic fold, 1386
development of, 73
Arytenoid cartilages, 1382
development of, 1383
Arytenoideus muscle, 1393
Aspera, linea, 350
Association fibres of cerebrum, 1568
Aster, 9, 10
Asterion, 180, 239, 251, 268, 1630
Atavism, 6
Atlanto-axial joints, 1404 , 1408
Atlanto-occipital joints, 1406, 1409
Atlas, 128
development of, 170
ossification of, 142
Atresia ani, 955
Atria of heart, left, 1052
interior of, 1059
right, 1051
interior of, 1054
of lung, 1027
Atrio-ventricular bundle, 1071
node, 1071
Atrium of middle meatus, 1357
Attraction particles, 9
sphere, 9
Atypical, definition, 6
Auditory artery, internal, 1448, 1576
cells, 1689, 1692
epithelium, 1689
hairs, 1689
meatus, external, 193 , 1671
internal, 190, 264
nerve, 1165, 1404, 1447, 1620
process, external, 194
radiation, 1531, 1568
striae, 1471, 1489, 1620
teeth, 1691
Auricle, 1294
blood-supply of, 1297
lymphatics of, 1297
muscles of, extrinsic, 1160
intrinsic, 1296
nerve-supply of, 1297
INDEX
1720
Auricle, structure of, 1295
veins of, 1297
Auricles of heart, left, 1052
right, 1051
Auricular artery, deep, 1305
posterior, 1219
nerve, great, 1142 , 1278
posterior, 1160, 1272
point, 251, 268, 1629
surface of sacrum, 147
tubercle, 1295
tubercles (emb.), 68
vein, posterior, 1161
Auricularis anterior muscle, 1160
posterior, 1160
superior, 1160
Auriculo-temporal nerve, 1157, 1277
Auscultation triangle, 400
Autonomic nervous system, 1634
parasympathetic, 1639
cranial, 1639
sacral, 1640
sympathetic, 1635
course of efferent impulses, 1636
development of, 1640
ganglia, 1635
rami communicantes, 1635
Axial filament in spermatozoon, 13
skeleton, 23
Axillary artery, 425
varieties of, 428
fascia, 414
folds, 412
lymphatic glands, 416, 424, 434 , 514
sheath, 429
space, 412, 422
vein, 428 , 451
Axis, 131
odontoid process of, 131
ossification of, 143
Azygos arteries of vagina, 890
veins, 839
Back, landmarks of, 397
of scalp and neck, 1141
Baillarger, bands of, 1565
Balfour’s cell-chain theory, 55
Ball-and-socket joint, 393
Band, diagonal, 1515
ilio-trochanteric, 593
moderator, 1057
pudendal, 929
sciatic, 929
Basal cartilaginous plate in skull, 89
ganglia, 1526
Base of brain, 1443
Base-line of Reid, 1633
Basi-bregmatic axis, 260
Basi-cranial axis, 260
Basi-facial axis, 260
Basi-hyal, 236
Basilar artery, 1447, 1575
branches of, 1447, 1575
groove, 174
membrane, 1690
Basilar, part of occipital bone, 174
vein, 1521, 1579
Basilic vein, 450, 451
Basi-occipital, 275
Basion, 258, 268
Basket cells of cerebellum, 1487
Beak of ulna, 312
Bechterew, band of, 1565
Bellini, duct of, 903
Bergmann, fibres of, 1487
Biceps brachii, 452 , 463
third head, 454
femoris, 542
Bicipital aponeurosis, 453
groove, 300
synovial sheath, 465
Bifurcated ligament—•
calcaneo-cuboid part, 666
calcaneo-navicular part, 665
Bile canaliculi, 886
capillaries, 886
ducts, 779
accessory ducts, 779
interlobular ducts, 886
Birth of foetus, 107
Biventer cervicis muscle, 407
Bladder, urinary, blood-supply of, 952
development of, 955
female, 977
infantile, 952
ligaments of, false, 918, 952
true, 952
lumen of empty bladder, 951
male, 932
nerve-supply of, 953
orifices of, 951
peritoneal relations of, 934
structure of, 949
trigone, external, of, 934
internal, of, 951
Blastocele, 24
Blastocyst, 24
Blastoderm, 24
Blastodermic vesicle, 24
Blastomere, 21
Blastopore, 35
Blastula, 24
Blind spot, 1653
Blood circulation, development of, so, s
islands, 51
Bochdalek, ganglion of, 1320
Body, ano-coccygeal, 675
carotid, 1211
cavity, primitive, 23, 42
ciliary, 1647
geniculate, lateral, 1538
medial, 1538
Pacinian, 490, 653
perineal, female, 701
male, 681
pineal, 1540
ponto-bulbar, 1584
stalk, circulation in, 51, 52
morphology, 31 "
relation to umbilicus, 65
INDEX
1721
Body, ultimo-branchial, 76
vitreous, 1662
wall, development of, 59
split by pleurae, 78
Bone, canaliculi, 117
cell, 117
chemical, 115
lacunae, 117
marrow, 121
Bones, cancellated, 118
classification of, 118
compact, 116
of head, 172
ossification, 119
Borders, post- and pre-axial, 5
Bowman, capsule of, 901, 906
Brachia of corpora quadrigemina, 1538,
1548
Brachial artery, 454, 456
collateral circulation after ligature, 457
profunda, 455
varieties of, 456
plexus, 439
infraclavicular branches, 431
in neck, 1193
supraclavicular branches, 430,
1194
Brachialis muscle, 454
Brachio-radialis, 501
Brachycephalic skulls, 243, 267, 269
Brain, 1442
development of, 55, 15 81
superior surface of, 1433
weight of, 1570
Bregma, 180, 237, 238, 268, 1629
Bregmatic bone, 265
Broca, area of, 1446
Bronchioles, 1027
development of, 1030
Bronchus, eparterial, 1027, 1030
hyparterial, 1027
development of, 1030
left, 1086
right, 1086
Bruch, membrane of, 1646
Bryant’s triangle, 552
Buccal mucous glands, 1272
Buccinator muscle, 1269
Bucco-pharyngeal area, 34, 44
fascia, 1179, I 3 68
membrane, 44, 56. 69
Bulb, olfactory, 1165, 1510 , 157 °
of penis, 682
of posterior horn, i 5 2 4
Bulbar ridges, 1079
Bulbo-urethral glands, 685
Bulbs of vestibule, 696
Bulla ethmoidalis, 1357
Bundle, atrio-ventricular, I ° 7 I
medial longitudinal, 1464, 1555
of Munzer, 1588
Bursa of biceps brachii, 453
femoris, 542, 641
of coraco-clavicular ligament, 405
Bursa, under gastrocnemius, 544, 619, 640
gluteal muscles, 598
of infraspinatus, 465
under obturator internus, 535
olecranon, 447
of popliteal tendon, 641
prepatellar, 554, 640
under semimembranosus, 544, 64°
subacromial, 436, 464
subhyoid, 235
subpsoas, 598
subscapular, 464
suprapatellar, 574, 640
of teres major, 465
Bursae at elbow-joint, 519
at hip-joint, 598
at knee-joint, 640
at shoulder-joint, 464
Caecum, 762
development of, 63, 882
peritoneal relations of, 763
varieties of, 764
vascular fold of, 792
Cajal, horizontal cells of, 1562
moss fibres of, 1488
Calamus scriptorius, 1452
Calcaneal arteries—
lateral of peroneal, 626
medial of post-tibial, 627
Calcaneo-cuboid joint, 666
Calcaneo-navicular ligament, plantar, 665,
673
part of bifurcated ligament, 665
Calcaneum, 370
ossification of, 378
peroneal tubercle, 372, 388
structure of, 372
sustentaculum tali of, 371, 388, 390
tubercles on, 370, 386
tuberosity of, 370
varieties of, 372
Calcar avis, 1524
femorale, 354
Calcarine area of cortex, 1569
artery, 1577
Callosal radiation, 1568
Calvaria, 260
Canal or canals—
anal, 945, 97 8
carotid, 189, 191, 258, 263
central, of cord, 1422
condylar, 175, 258
cranio-pharyngeal, 197, 206
dental, 212, 213
facial, 190
femoral, 566
Haversian, 116
hepatic, 886
hyaloid, 1664
incisive, 248
infra-orbital, 245
inguinal, 708, 735
innominate, 201
1722
INDEX
Canal or canals—( continued )
intestinal, 761
lacrimal, 245
mandibular, 231
naso-lacrimal, 248
neural, 40
of Nuck, 743, 744, 969
obturator, 993
palatine, greater and lesser, 255
palato-vaginal, 199, 255
palmar, 332
pharyngo-tympanic, 257
portal, 885
pterygoid, 204, 255, 263
pterygo-palatine, 227
pudendal, 688
pyloric, 760
of sacrum, 148
semicircular, 1684
spiral, of cochlea, 1685
subsartorial, 580
vertebral, 154
Volkmann's, 117
zygomatico-facial, 219
zygomatico-temporal, 219
Canaliculus for chorda tympani, anterior,
187, 1673
posterior, 190, 1675
lacrimal, 1287
mastoid, 191, 258
tympanic, 258
Cancellated bone, 118
Canine fossa, 212
ridge, 211
teeth, 280
Capitate bone, 320
ossification of, 322
Capitellum, definition, 114
Capitulum of humerus, 304
Capsular decidua, 104, 106
Capsule, external, of brain, 1531
internal, of brain, 1528
Caput cornu, 1421
gyri hippocampi, 1507
medusae, 712
Cardiac nerves of sympathetic cervical,
1334 . 1335
of vagus, cervical, 1330
thoracic, 1045
plexus, 1046
deep, 1046
superficial, 1046
Cardinal veins, 51, 1127, 1132, 1136
Carotico-clinoid foramen, 200
Carotid artery, common, 1207
left, in thorax, 1039
external, 1212
development of, 1119, 1213
internal, 1169, 1323, 1324, 1399'
1449
development of, 91, 1118,
1122, 1324
body, 1211
canal, 189, 191, 258, 263
groove of sphenoid, 200
Carotid notch of sphenoid, 200
plexus, 1333
sheath, 1207
triangle, 1196
tubercle, 134, 1172
Carpal arch, posterior, 478, 508, 511
arteries—
anterior, of radial, 475
posterior, of radial, 511
of ulnar, 479
joints, 524
rete, anterior, 478, 479, 498
Carpo-metacarpal joints, 525
Carpus, 315
morphology, 323
ossification of, 322
varieties of, 322
as a whole, 321
Cartilage or cartilages—
arytenoid, 1382
corniculate, 1383
costal, 160
cuneiform, 1383
of larynx, 1379
of mandibular arch, 74, 75, 232
nasal, 1298
of second arch, 75
semilunar, 632
thyroid, 1380
Cartilaginous base of skull, 89, 270, 275
Cartilago triticea, 1384
Caruncula lacrimalis, 1289, 1292
Carunculae hymenales, 696
Cauda equina, 1417
Caudal, definition, 122
Caudate nucleus, 1526
Cave of Retzius, 339
Cavernous sinus, 1169, 1606
Cavity, glenoid, 294 , 461
of larynx, 1386
nasal, 1356
of septum lucidum, 1520
thoracic, 1002
Cavum trigeminale, 1167
Cell, animal, 8
of Cajal, 1562
division, 9
germ, 12
of Golgi, 1564
membrane, 8
pyramidal, 1562
Cement, 285
Centra, vertebral development, 59
Central artery of retina, 1260, 1658
canal of cord, 1422
lobule of cerebullum, 1478
tendon of diaphragm, 835
Centrale, os, 322
Centro-acinar cells of Langerhans, 891
Centrosome, 9, 10, 21
in spermatozoa, 13
Centrum of vertebrae, 125
Cephalic, definition, 122
vein, 450, 451
Cerg,to-hyal, 76, 23$
/
INDEX
I 7 2 3
Cerebellar fossae, 264
Cerebelli, tentorium, 1163, 1602, 1633
Cerebellum, 1475
arbor vitae of, 1485
association and commissural fibres
of, 1485
basal surface, 1443
development of, 1488, 1586
lobes and lobules of under surface
of, 1480
of upper surface, 1478
medullary vela, 1485
morphology of, 1481
nuclei of, i486
peduncles, inferior, 1484
middle, 1484
superior, 1483 , 1553
structure of, i486
under surface of, 1479
upper surface of, 1476
Cerebral commissure, anterior, 1518, 1568
hippocampal, 1518, 1568
posterior, 1542
cortex, 1561
development, 1510, 1591
fissures of, 1495
calcarine, 1503
choroidal, 1525
collateral, 1497
dentate, 1508
ecto-rhinal, 1508
lateral, 1495
parieto-occipital, 1496
postcalcarine, 1503
precalcarine, 1503
ganglia, basal, of, 1526
gyri of, 1493. See under Gyri
hemispheres, 1493
lobes of—
frontal, 1497
insula, 1505
limbic, 1506
occipital, 1502
olfactory, 1510
parietal, 1499
pyriform, 1508
temporal, 1504
lobules of—
cuneus, 1504
paracentral, 1499
parietal, 1501
postcentral, 1506
prsecuneus, 1502
precentral, 1506
quadrate, 1502
pole, frontal, of, 1451
occipital, of, 1451, i 5°3
temporal, of, 1444
veins, 1578
vesicles, primary, 58
Cerebri, crura, 1445. 1551
Cerebro-spinal axis, 1410
Cerebrum, the, 1493
Ceruminous glands, 1672
Cervical canal in pregnancy, 104
Cervical fascia, deep, 1178
compartments of, 1180
fistula, 1377
lymphatic glands, deep, 1189, H 99
superficial, 1178
plexus, 1185
branches, deep, 1188
superficial, 1141, 1187
spinal nerves, origins of, 1418
vertebrae, 126
Cervix cornu of cord, 1421
of uterus, 973
Check ligaments of eyeball, 1253
Cheeks, 1337
Chiasma, optic, 1545
Chondrocranium, 89, 270, 275
Chorda tympani nerve, 1347, 1402
Chordae tendineae, 1057
Chorio-decidual vessels, 109
Chorion, 29, 106
Chorionic ectoderm 29
mesoderm, 29
villus, 29
Choroid coat of eyeball, 1645
nerves of, 1651
structure of, 1646
plexus of fourth ventricle, 1492
of lateral ventricle, 1521
of inferior horn of, 1525
of third ventricle, 1521
Choroidal fissure, 1525
Chromatin, 9
discharged from nucleus, 18
Chromosomes, 10, 17, 18
Chyli, cisterna, 838, 1100
Ciliary body of eye, 1647
ganglion, 1257
margin, 1649
nerves, long, 1256
short, 1258
processes, 1647
vessels, 1260, 1651
Cinereum, tuber, 1445* 1544
Cingulate sulcus, 1496
Circular folds of small intestine, 864
sinus, 1606
sulcus, 1497
Circulation, course of, 1050
embryonic, 51
Circulus arteriosus, 1449, 1 577
major, 1651
minor, 1651
Circumduction, 395
Circumflex artery, anterior humeral, 427
fibular, 609
lateral femoral, 585, 588
medial femoral, 585, 589
posterior humeral, 427, 428
scapular, 427
iliac artery, deep, 732
superficial, 584, 712
nerve, 432 , 436
Cisterna basalis, 1609
cerebello-medullaris, 1609
chyli, 838, 1100
INDEX
1724
Cisterna pontis, 1609
venae magnae, 1609
Classification of joints, 394
of movements, 395
Claustrum, 1531
Clava of medulla oblongata, 1455
Clavicle, 289
in female, 291
ossification of, 292
structure of, 291
varieties of, 291
Clavi-pectoral fascia, 420
Cleavage nucleus, 21
Cleft, intratonsillar, 1354
palate, varieties of, 218
uro-genital, 693
Clinoid process, anterior, 200 , 261
middle, 200 , 261
posterior, 198 , 261
Clitoris, 694
arteries of, 703
development of, 698
frenulum, 694
glans, 695
lymphatics of, 695
prepuce, 695
Clivus monticuli, 1478
of sphenoid, 197, 264
Cloaca, 45, 99, 954
division of, 98
Cloacalfossa, 956
membrane, 45, 955, 956
septum, 99, 954
Closing membrane, 66
Coats of eyeball, 1641
Coccygeal plexus, 531
Coccygeus muscle, 948
Coccyx, 149
cornua of, 150
ossification of, 151
varieties, 151
Cochlea, 1685, 1689
aqueduct of, 193, 1165, 1686
Coeliac artery, 811
ganglia, 809
plexus, 807, 809
Coelom, 23, 29, 65
extra-embryonic, obliterated,
106
Coils of intestine, formation, 63
Collateral fissure, 1497
Colliculus facialis, 1491
Colon, ascending, 766
descending, 767
iliac part of, 767
left flexure of, 767
pelvic, 943
right flexure of, 766
taeniae of, 768, 870
transverse, 766
Column, vertebral, 124
as a whole, 151
Columnae rugarum, 986
Columns, anal, 961
renal, 900
Commissures of brain—
anterior, 1518, 1568
corpus callosum, 1513 * 1568
Gudden, of, 1545, 1547
habenular, 1541
hippocampal, 1518, 1568
posterior, 1542
of female perinaeum, 692
of spinal cord, 1418, 1420, 1426
Communicating artery, anterior, 1449,
1573
posterior, 1449, 1571
Companion artery of sciatic nerve, 538
Comparative anatomy, 1
embryology, 23
Compressor venae dorsalis penis, 680
Conchae, nasal, inferior, 223
middle, 209
superior, 209
sphenoidal, 204
Condylar canals, 176, 258, 264
fossa, 176, 258
tubercle, 234
Condyles of femur, 352
occipital, 175, 258
of tibia, 357
Condyloid process of mandible, 232
Cone-bipolar cells of retina, 1655
Cone of light, 1677
Cones of retina, 1656
Confluence of the sinuses, 174, 1603, 1631
Congenital cystic kidney, 95
Conjoint tendon, 725
Conjugation of pronuclei, 20
Conjunctiva, 1291, 1292
Conoid impression, 297
ligament, 444
tubercle, 289
Constrictor muscles of pharynx, 1368,
1369
Contrahentes, 515
Conus medullaris of spinal cord, 1416
Convoluted tubules of kidney, 901,903
Convolutions of brain. See Gyri
Coraco-acromial arch, 445
ligament, 445
Coraco-brachialis muscle, 452
Coraco-clavicular ligament, 444
Coracoid process and bone, 296 , 298
Cord, spermatic, 736
Cornea of eyeball, 1643
Corneal corpuscles, 1644
spaces, 1644
Corniculate cartilages, 1383
Corona glandis, 715
radiata, 1515, 1531
of ovum, 14, 19
Coronal, definition, 5
suture, 238, 1630
Coronary arteries of heart, 1036
of uterine, 980
ligaments of knee, 623
plexuses, 1048
sinus, 1065
Coronoid fossa, 304
INDEX
I7 2 5
Coronoid process of mandible, 232
of ulna, 312
Corpora bigemina, 58
geniculata, 1538
mamillaria, 1543
peduncles of, 1544
quadrigemina, 1547
development of, 58
Corpus albicans of ovary, 982
callosum, 1513
development of, 1531, 1596
forceps major, 1516
minor, 1515
genu,1514
peduncles of, 1514
radiatio corporis callosi,
1515
fimbriatum, 972
luteum, 982
striatum, 1526
development of, 58, 1591
trapezoides of cerebellum, 1484
of pons, 1470
Corrugator cutis ani, 675
supercilii muscle, 1266
Cortex, cerebral, 1561
Corti, rods of, 1691
tunnel of, 1692
Cortical branches of cerebral arteries,
1572, 1574, 1577
Cortico-medullary, arterial arches of
kidney, 904
venous arches, 907
Cortico-pontine fibres, 1552
Cortico-thalamic tract, 1566
Costal cartilages, 160
extensions from sclerotomes, 59
groove, 156
zone, 755
Costo-capitular facets, 134, 153
Costo-clavicular ligament, 443
Costo-coracoid ligament, 420
Costo-transverse lamella, 128
Costo-tubercular facets, 136
Cotyledons, no
Cranial capacity, 268
fossae, 260, 261, 263
index, 269
Cranial nerves, 1610
at base of brain, 1446
of skull, 1165
superficial origin of, 1446
abducent, at base of skull, 1166
distribution, 1166, 1447, 1616
nucleus of, 1473, 1616
in orbit, 1254
superficial origin, 1447
accessory, at base of skull, 1166
bulbar part, 1628
course, 1331, 1447, 1628
cranial root, 1331
distribution of, 1331, 1628
origin of, deep, 1628
superficial, 1447
spinal part, 1628
Cranial nerves {continued )—
auditory, at base of skull, 1166
cochlear nerve, 1404, 1620, 1693
in internal ear, 1693
meatus, 1404
nuclei of, 1620
spiral ganglion, 1620, 1694
superficial origin, 1447
vestibular ganglion, 1404, 1620,
1693
nerve, 1404, 1622, 1693
facial, at base of skull, 1166
distribution, 1157, 1272, 1401,
1447, 1682
after emerging from facial canal,
1272
in facial canal, 1400
ganglion of, 1403 , 1618
meatal portion of, 1400
nuclei of, motor, 1472, 1617
sensory, 1619
origin of, deep, 1617
superficial, 1447
petrous portion, 1400
sensory root, 1403
glosso-pharyngeal, at base of skull,
1166
distribution of, 1325, 1626
extracranial portion of, 1324,
1447, 1625
ganglia of, 1325
origin of, deep, 1619, 1624
superficial, 1447
hypoglossal, at base of skull, 1167
distribution of, 1322, 1629
extracranial portion of, 1332,
1447
origin of, deep, 1458, 1629
superficial, 1447
oculo-motor, at base of skull, 1165
nucleus of, 1561, 1611
in orbit, 1253
superficial origin, 1446
olfactory, 1165, 1360 , 1611
optic, at base of skull, 1165
development of, 1668
in orbit, 1253
origin, deep, 1611
superficial, 1446
trigeminal, at base of skull, 1165
distribution of, 1446
ganglion, 1167
mandibular nerve, 1168, 1309,
1616
maxillary nerve, 1168, 1616
mesencephalic root, nucleus of,
1561
motor root, nuclei of, 1474, 1615
ophthalmic nerve, 1168, 1254
1616
origin, deep, 1614
superficial, 1446
sensory root of, 1472
nuclei of, 1472, 1474,
1615
INDEX
1726
Cranial nerves ( continued )—
vagus, in abdomen, 861
auricular branch of, 1161, 1328,
1672, 1677
at base of skull, 1166
cardiac branches of, 1330
cervical cardiac branches of, 1330
portion of, 1327, 1330, 1447
distribution of, 1626
ganglia of, inferior, 1328 , 1626
superior, 1328 , 1626
nuclei of, motor, 1626
sensory, 1626
origin, deep, 1625
superficial, 1447
pharyngeal branch of, 1329
pulmonary plexuses of, 1029,
1043, 1045
thoracic portion of left, 1044
of right, 1043
Cranio-cerebral lobes of cerebrum, 1634
topography, 1629
Cranio-facial angle, 260
Cranio-metrical terms, 268
Cranio-pharyngeal canal, 197, 206
Cranium, 172
development of, 91, 270
interior of, 259
Cremaster muscle, 723
Cremasteric fascia, 716, 723
reflex, 724
Crest, conchal, of maxilla, 213
ethmoidal, of palatine, 225
external occipital, 259
of ilium, 334
incisive, of maxilla, 216
incisor, of maxilla, 216
infratemporal, 202
internal occipital, 264
lacrimal, 222
nasal, of maxilla, 216
of palatine, 225
obturator, 340
pubic, 399
relations of structures at, 728
sphenoidal, 199
supramastoid, 185
of tibia, 1359
transverse, of internal auditory
meatus, 190
of trapezium, 319, 333
urethral, female, 988
male, 939
vestibular, 1683
Cretinism, 270
Cribriform fascia, 561 , 568
plate of ethmoid, 207
Crico-arytenoideus posterior, 1392
lateralis, 1392
Crico-arytenoid joint, 1385
Cricoid cartilage, 1382
development of, 73, 1382
Crico-thyroideus, 1390
Crico-thyroid joint, 1385
Crico-vocal membrane, 1384
Crista ampullaris, 1688
galli, 207, 261
Cruciate anastomosis, 538, 585 , 587
ligaments of knee, 634
occipito-axial, 1405
transverse part, 1405,1408
vertical part, 1407
Crura cerebri, 1445, 1551
development of, 1589
Crus commune, 1688
of helix, 1295
Crusta-petrosa, 285, 287
Cryptorchismus, 743
Cryptozygous skull, 243
Crystalline lens, 1661
development of, 1667
Cubital fossa, 458
Cuboid bone, 377
ossification of, 378
peroneal groove of, 378 , 388, 390
varieties, 378
Cuboideo-metatarsal joint, 669
Culmen monticuli, 1478
Cuneate tubercle, 1455
Cuneatus, fasciculus, 1429
funiculus, 1455
nucleus, 1460
Cuneiform bones of tarsus, 373
intermediate, 375
lateral, 375
medial, 374
ossification of, 378
cartilages, 1383
Cuneo-cuboid joint, 669
Cuneo-navicular joint, 668
Cuneus of brain, 1504
Cupola of cochlea, 1695
Curved form of embryo, 48
Curves of vertebral column, 151
Cutaneous nerves. See also under Nerves,
cutaneous
of arm, 447
of back, 397
of forearm, back of, 449
front of, 465
of gluteal region, 529
of hand, 449, 465
of leg, outer side of, 614
of pectoral region, 412
of perinaeum, male, 675
of scapular region, 436
of sole of foot, 644
of trunk, 710
Cuvier, ducts of, 51, 92, 1127
Cystic duct, 778
development of, 891
structure of, 890
notch, 756, 777
Cytomicrosomes, 9
Cytoplasm, 8
Cytotrophoblast, 27, 29
Dachryon, 244, 268
Dartos muscle, 709, 713, 716
Daughter cells, 12
INDEX
1727
Daughter chromosomes, 10
nuclei, 12
Decidua basalis, 104
capsularis, 104, 106
parietalis, 104
Decidual cells, 107
change in pregnancy, 107
Decussation, fountain, 1433, 1551
of lemnisci, 1465
of pyramids, 1453
Deferens, vas, 737
development of, 738 , 753
in pelvis, 935
structure of, 737
Deiters, cells of, 1692
Deltoid, 436
tuberosity, 300
Dental arches, 281
canaliculi, 284
canals, anterior and middle, 213
posterior, 212, 253
groove, 218
lamina, true, 286
papilla, 285, 287
pulp, 283, 287
sac, 285, 287
Dentate fissure, 1508
nucleus, 1485
Dentatum, os, 133
Dentine, 284
Depressor alae nasi muscle, 1268
anguli oris muscle, 1270
labii inferioris muscle, 1270
Descent of testis, 739
abnormal conditions of, 743
positions of, 743
gubernaculum testis, 740
mesorchium, 740
plica gubernatrix, 740
uro-genital mesentery, 740
Descriptive terms, 1
Deutoplasm, 9, 15
Development—
of anal canal, 965
of anus, 965
of appendix, vermiform, 63, 872, 883
of aqueduct of mid-brain, 58, 1561
of arteries, principal, 1118
aorta, arch of, 1018, 1041
ascending, 1037
descending, 1094
carotid, common, ni 9 > I2I 3
external, 1119. I2I 3
internal, 91, 1118,1122, 1324
central, of retina, 1667, 1668
femoral, 1123
hyaloid, 1667, 1669
innominate, 1119
of limbs, 1123
upper, 516
pulmonary, 91, 1042
subclavian, 1119. 1121
tibial, 1123
umbilical, 151
vertebral, 1121
Development ( continued )—
of ary epiglottic folds, 73
of arytenoid cartilages, 1383
of atlas vertebra, 170
of atria of heart, 1075
of atrial septa, 1075
of atrio-ventricular valves, 1081
of auditory meatus, external, 68,
1696  
1696  


of ossicles, 1679
of auricle of ear, 1697
of basal ganglia, 1594
of bile-duct, 868
of bladder, urinary, 955
of blood, 51
of body cavities, 47, 48
wall, 59
of brain, 55, 1581
of bronchi, 1030
of bronchioles, 1030
of bulbo-urethral glands, 686
of bulbs of vestibule, 699
of caecum, 882
of calyces, 95
of cartilages of larynx, 1397
of caruncula lacrimalis, 1292
of cement of teeth, 287
of cephalic ganglia, 1598
of cerebellum, 58, 1488, 1586
of cerebral hemispheres, 1510, 1591
peduncles, 1588, 1589
vesicles, 58, 1591
of choroid plexuses, 1596
of circulatory system, 51, 5 2
of cisterna chyli, 1138
of clitoris, 698
of commissures of brain, 1594
of conchae of nose, 1363
of conjunctiva, 1292
of cornea, 1670
of corniculate cartilages, 1383
of coronary sinus, 1076
of corpora mamillaria, 58, 1590
quadrigemina, 58, 1589
of corpus callosum, 1531, I 59 ^
striatum, 58, 1591
of cranial nerves, 1597
of cranium, 91, 270
of cricoid cartilage, 73, 1382
of crura cerebri, 1598
of cuneiform cartilages, 1383
of cystic duct, 891
of decidua, 104
of dentine, 287
of diaphragm, 837
of diencephalon, 58, 1589
of duodenum, 80
of dura mater, 90
of ear, external, 1696
internal, 1694
membranous labyrinth, 1694
middle, 1694
osseous labyrinth, 1695
of ejaculatory duct, 102, 959
of endolymphatic duct, 1694
INDEX
1728
Development ( continued )—
of epididymis, 753
of epoophoron, 753, 987
of ethmoid bone, 276
of excretory system, 92
of eye, 1664
of eyelids, 1292
of face, 88
of facial musculature, 68
skeleton, 277
of flocculus, 1586
of fore-brain, 56
of fore-gut, 44
of fornix, 1518, 1595
of frontal bone, 277
of gall-bladder, 891
of geniculate bodies, 1591
of genital organs, external, female,
698
male, 699
of genito-urinary system, 92
of gonads, 100
of gums, 1339
of heart, 90, 1073
of hind-brain, 55, 57
metamorphosis of, 1581
of hind-gut, 44
of hippocampal commissure, 1596
of hymen, 696, 699
of hyoid bone, 76, 278
of hypophysis cerebri, 58, 87,1171
of infundibulum cerebri, 58, 87, 1171,
1590
of insula, 1510, 1592
of interventricular foramen, 1535
of intervertebral disc, 59, 169
of intestine, large, 872
small, 870
of intrinsic muscles of hand, 515
of iris,. 1670
of islets of Langerhans, 895
of kidney, 92-97, 910
of labia pudendi, 699
of labyrinth of ear, 1695
of lacrimal bone, 277
of lamina terminalis, 1510, 1595
of laminae of cord, 54, 1438
of larynx, 1397
of lens, 1667
of lesser omentum, 80
sac, 79, 81
of lips, 1339
of liver, 79, 888
of lungs, 70, 77, 1029
of lymphatic glands, 1139
system, 1137
vessels, 1138
of malleus, 74, 1679
of mammary gland, 417
of mandible, 234
of massa intermedia, 1591
of medulla oblongata, 1581
of medullary vela, 1597
of meninges of brain, 1596
of cord, 1442
Development ( continued )—
of mesonephros, 92, 94, 914
of metanephros, 92, 94, 910
of metencephalon, 1585
of mid-brain, 56, 1589
of middle ear, 1696
of mitral valve, 1081
of mouth, 84, 1339
of myelencephalon, 1581
of nasal apertures, 84, 1363
bone, 277
cartilages, 1363
chonchas, 1363
of naso-lacrimal duct, 1294
of neopallium, 1592
of nervous system, 53
of nose, 1363
external, 1365
of notochord, 23, 39 , 134, 167
of nucleus, arcuate, 1585
caudate, 1592
cuneate, 1584
gracilis, 1584
hypoglossal, 1581
lentiformis, 1592
oculo-motor, 1581
pontis, 1584
red, 1589
trigeminal, 1589
trochlear, 1589
of oesophagus, 66, 78, 108
of olfactory, apparatus, 1511
bulb, 1512, 1570
epithelium, 1364, 1512
lobe, 1511
nerves, 1512
organ, 1364
tract, 1570
of omental bursa, 79, 81
of omentum, greater, 81
lesser, 80
of opercula insulae, 1510
of optic nerve, 1668
of otocyst, 74
of ovary, 100, 753
of palate, 86
of palatine bone, 277
of pancreas, 80, 894
of pancreatic ducts, 81, 894
of paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct,
101 , 987
of paranasal sinuses, 1363
of parathyroid glands, 76
of paroophoron, 754
of parotid gland, 1289
of penis, 700
of pericardium, 43, 46, 1019
of peripheral nervous system, 1597
of peritoneum, 795
of pharyngo-tympanic tube, 73, 74,
1378 ‘
of pharynx, 1373
of philtrum, 1341
of pineal body, 58, 1590
of pinna, 67, 1697
INDEX
1729
Development ( continued )—
of placenta, 106
of pleura, 78, 1011
of pleural sac, 78
of pons, 1586
of position of intestinal canal, 874
of stomach, 874
of pronephros, 92, 94
of prostate, 960
of prostatic utricle, 101
of pulmonary valve, 1081
of pulvinar, 1591
of pyramid of brain, 1584
of Rathke’s pouch, 87 , 206, 1171
of rectum, 99, 965
of respiratory system, 752
of rete testis, 752
of retina, 1667
of ribs, 59, 170
of saccule, 1695
of salivary glands, 1289
of sclera, 1670
of scrotum, 700
of semicircular canals, 1695
ducts, 1695
of seminal vesicles, 102, 959
of seminiferous tubules, 752
of septal cartilage, 1363
of septum lucidum, 1520
of skull, 270
of soft palate, 1354
of spinal cord, 53, 1436
ganglia, 54, 1597
nerves, 55
of spleen, 80, 897
of stapes, 75, 1679
of sternum, 170
of stomach, 861
of sublingual gland, 1235
of submandibular duct, 1234
gland, 1234
of suprarenal glands, 899
of sympathetic system, 1640
of tarsal glands, 1292
of teeth, 285
of tela choroidea, 1596
of telencephalon, 58, 1591
of tentorium cerebelli, 90, 273
of testis, 100, 752
of thalamus, 1539, 159°
of thoracic duct, 1138
of thymus, 76, 1020
of thyroid cartilage, 1381, 1387
gland, 70, 76, 1222
of tongue, 72, 1348
of tonsil, 76, 1356
of trachea, 70, 1029
of transverse processes of vertebrae,
59
of tricuspid valve, 1081
of tuber cinereum, 58, 1589
of tympanic cavity, 73, 74, 1696
membrane, 75, 1696
of umbilical cord, 31/32
of umbilicus, 63
Development [continued )—
of ureter, 910
of urethra, female, 988
male, 700, 956
of urinary bladder, 955
of uterine tubes, 987
of uterus, 101, 987
of utricle of ear, 1695
prostatic, 101
of vagina, 101, 987
of valve of heart, arterial, 1081
of vas deferens, 100, 102, 738, 753
of veins, principal, 1123
azygos veins, 1098, 1136
cardinal, 51, 1127
anterior, 1127
posterior, 1131
thoracic formation, 1136
cerebral, 1128
of gonads, 1135
iliac, common, 1132
innominate, 1032
portal, 817, 1124, 1125
primitive jugular, 51, 1127
renal, 1132, 1135
subcardinal, 1133
supracardinal, 1132, 1133
suprarenal, 1135
umbilical, 51, 1125, 1126
of upper limb, 516
vena cava, inferior, 1033
superior, 1032
vitelline, 51, 63, 1124
of venous system, 91
of ventricles of brain—
fourth, 1493
lateral, 1594
third, 1535
of vermiform appendix, 63, 872, 883
of vermis, 1587
of vertebrae, 59
of vertebral column, 168
of vestibular glands, 699
of visceral arches, 1373
of vitreous body, 1669
of vocal folds, 1397
of vomero-nasal organ, 1366
of xiphoid process, 170
of zygomatic bone, 277
Diaphragm, 883
arcuate ligaments of, 836
blood-supply, 833
central tendon of, 835
crura of, 835
lymphatics of, 834
openings of, 835
Diaphragma sellae, 1163, 1603
Diaphragmatic plexus of nerves, 809
Diencephalon, 58
Digastric fossa, 230
muscle, 1127
triangle, 1198
Digital arteries, palmar, 488
plantar, 655, 657
nerves of foot, 652, 654
109
1730
INDEX
Digital nerves of hand, 489, 499
processes, palmar aponeurosis, 485
plantar, 643
veins, foot, 644
hand, 467
Digitate impressions, 181
Dilator naris muscle, 1268
papillae muscle, 1650, 1652
Diploe, 119, 260
veins of, 1154, - i 6 oi
Diploid number of chromosomes, 18
Disc, .embryonic, 33, 39
Discs, intervertebral, 1107
Discus proligerus, 18, 982
Diverticula of ischio-rectal fossa, 676,
677
Diverticulum, amniotic, 31
ilei (Meckel's), 63, 762
Dolichocephalic skull, 243, 269
Dorsal aortae, 68
concavity, 50
convexity, 122
laminae of cord, 54
mesentery, 79
venous plexus of foot, 610
hand,467
Dorsalis indicis artery, 511
pedis artery, 611 , 614
pollicis artery, 511
Dorsum sellae of sphenoid, 197, 261
Duct or ducts—
bile, 779
of Cuvier, 51, 92, 1127
cystic, 778
efferent, 751
ejaculatory, 936
endolymphatic, 191, 1688, 1694
of Gaertner, 102
hepatic, 778
lactiferous, 415, 417
lymphatic, right, 1246
mesonephric, 94, 102
naso-lacrimal, 1294
pancreatic, 892
paramesonephric (Mullerian),
101 , 987
parotid, 1287
perilymphatic, 193
pronephric, 94
prostatic, 939
semicircular, 1688
sublingual, 1235
submandibular, 1233
thoracic, in abdomen, 838
in neck, 1246
in thorax, 1100
thyro-glossal, 1222
vitelline, 762
vitello-intestinal, 61, 762
Ductus arteriosus, 1043', 1082
cochlearis, 1689, 1690
reuniens, 1688
sacculi, 1688
utriculi, 1687
venosus, 1126
Duodenal curves, formation of, 81
glands, 867
papilla, 865
recesses, 791
Duodeno-ieiunal flexure, 762
fold, 805
Duodenum, 761, 803
ampulla of, 865
first part of, 803
fourth part of, 805
glands of, 867
second part of, 804
suspensory muscle of, 805
third part of, 804
Dura mater at base of skull, 1162
blood-supply of, 1599
of brain, 1598
nerves of, 1601
processes of, 1601
sinuses of, 1163, 1603
of spinal cord, 1410
blood-supply of, 1412
Ear, development of, 73, 1694
external, 1671
internal, 1683
middle, 1673
Earliest known stage of human embryo,
26
Ectoderm, primitive, 25
structures formed from, in
Ectognathion, 218
Ectopia testis, 743
Efferent ducts, 751
Ejaculatory duct, 936
development of, 959
structure of, 959
Elastic laminae of cornea, 1644
Elbow-joint, 516
bursae of, 519
ligaments of, 517, 518
nerves of, 519
relations of, 519
synovial membrane, 519
Elliptical recess of labyrinth, 1683
Embedding of ovum, 28, 104
Emboliformis, nucleus, 1485
Embryo, the, 39
formation of, 26
general form of, 48
Embryological terminology, 4
Embryology, general, 1, 8
Embryonic area, 33
disc, 39
plate, 26, 33, 36
Eminence, arcuate, 189, 263, 1684
frontal, 181, 1633
ilio-pubic, 335
parietal, 178, 1633
Eminentia medialis, 1491
saccularis, 1544
Emissary veins, 1608
Enamel, 285
cells, 287
cuticle, 285
/
INDEX
173
Enamel, organ, 285, 287
prism, 287
Encephalon, 1442
base of, 1443
arteries at base of, 1447
development of, 55, 1581
flexures of primitive, 57
Endocardium, 1068
Endognathion, 218
Endolymph of internal ear, 1697
Endolymphatic duct, 191, 1688, 1694
Endoskeleton, 113
Endosteum, 122
Endothelium, 112
Entoderm derivatives, 112
Entomion, 251, 268
Ependymal layer of cord, 54
Epiblast, 25
Epibolic growth, 35
Epicardium, 1018, 1068
Epicondyles of femur, 352, 353
of humerus, 304
Epicoracoid bone, 299
Epididymis, 749
development of, 753
structure of, 750
Epigastric artery, inferior, 729
superficial, 584, 711
superior, 731, 1000
depression, 705
Epiglottis, 1379
development of, 73
Epi-hyal, 76, 237
Epiotic centres of temporal bone, 196
Epiphyses, 114
and ossification, 305
Epiploicae, appendices, 768, 871
Epipteric bone, 180, 253, 265
Episternal bones, 162, 165
Epithalamus, 1540
Epitympanic recess, 188, 1681
pouches of, 1681
Epoophoron, 971
development of, 753, 987
Equator of eye, 1641
Equina, cauda, 1417
Eruption of teeth, 288
Erythroblasts, 51, 121
Ethmoid bone, 207
alae of, 207
labyrinth, 208
ossification of, 211
Ethmoidal crest of palatine, 225
foramina, 183, 210, 247, 248 * 261
notch, 182
process of inferior nasal concha, 223
spine, 197
Evolution of embryo, 23
Excretory organs, connection with
splanchnocoele, 93
development, 92
Exoskeleton, 113
Expulsion of foetus, 107
Extensor carpi radialis brevis, 502
longus, 501
Extensor carpi ulnaris, 503
digiti minimi, 503
digitorum, 502
brevis, 611
longus, 607
hallucis brevis, 611
longus, 606
indicis, 506
pollicis brevis, 505
longus, 505
retinacula of foot, 603
of hand, 508
Extra-dural space, 1412
Extra-embryonic coelom, 29
obliterated, 106
mesoderm, 26
Extra-peritoneal tissue, 743
Extravasation of urine, 678
Eye, 1641
chambers of, 1661
coats of, 1641
development of, 1664
equator of, 1641
movements of, 1231
Eyelashes, 1290
Eyelids, 1289
development of, 1292
structure of, 1290
Face, arteries of, 1278
bones of, 172
development of, 88
landmarks of, 1263
Facet, 115
Facial artery on face, 1278
in neck, 1217
transverse, 1158, 1281
canal, 190
ganglion, 1403
lymphatic glands, deep, 1309
nerve. See Cranial nerves
skeleton, development of, 277
vein, anterior, 1218, 1280
common, 1218
deep, 1308
transverse, 1281
Falx cerebelli, 1602
cerebri, 1601
anal, 675
Fascia of abdominal wall, anterior, deep,
7°9
superficial, 709
posterior, 839
of Abernethy, 854
of arm, deep, 451
axillary, 414
of back, deep, 397
bucco-pharyngeal, 1179, 1368
bulbi, 1252
cervical, deep, 1178
clavi-pectoral, 420
cremasteric, 716, 723
cribriform, 561, 568
of dorsum of foot, deep, 611
superficial, 610
INDEX
1732
Fascia of forearm, deep, 468
of gluteal region, 531
of hand, back of, 509
iliac, 839
infundibuliform, 716, 739
lata, 560
iliac portion, 561
pubic portion, 561
of leg, deep, 600
lumbar, 840, 841
posterior lamella of, 403
thoracic part of, 404
masseteric, 1337
obturator, 920
orbital, 1252
of palm, superficial, 484
of pectoral region, 414, 420
pelvic, parietal, 919
visceral, 921
perineal, deep, 677
superficial, 677
pharyngo-basilar, 1371
popliteal, 546
pretracheal, 1179
prevertebral, 1179
propia of Cooper, 716
psoas sheath, 839
of pyriformis, 919
of scapular region, deep, 436
spermatic, external, 716
internal, 716
temporal, 1161
transversalis, 733
Fascial compartments of neck, 1180
Fasciculus cuneatus, 1418, 1429
gracilis, 1418, 1429
longitudinal, inferior, 1569
superior, 1569
occipito-frontal, 1569
perpendicular, 1569
postero-lateral, 1430
retroflexus, 1541, 1558, 1561
solitarius, 1625, 1626
uncinate, 1569
Fasciola cinerea, 1513
Fastigii, nucleus, 1485
Fecundation, 20
Femoral artery, 563, 581 , 587
profunda of, 584, 588
canal, 566
cutaneous veins, 559
hernia, parts concerned in, 568
ring, 566
septum, 743
sheath, 565, 568
triangle, 552, 563
vein, 563, 589
Femoro-patellar joint, 628, 639
Femur, 345
adductor tubercle, 350, 354, 553
calcar femorale, 354
condyles, 352
epicondyles, 352, 353
fossa hypotrochanterica, 354
gluteal tuberosity, 350
Femur head, 345
intercondylar notch, 353
linea aspera, 350
neck, 346
ossification of, 355
patellar surface, 351
pectineal line, 350
pilastered, 354
popliteal groove, 352
surface, 358
quadrate line, 350
tubercle, 350
relation to stature, 354
sexual differences, 354
shaft, 348
structure, 353
trochanteric fossa, 348
line, 346
trochanters, 346, 348
tubercles of neck, 346
varieties, 354
Fenestra cochleae, 1674
vestibuli, 1674
Fertilization of ovum, 20
Fertilized ovum, 20
developmental stages, 22
segmentation, 21
Fibrinoid, 108
Fibula, 364
head, 364
malleolar fossa, 364
malleolus, 364
guide to, 599
oblique line, 366
ossification of, 367
structure of, 367
varieties, 367
Fibular circumflex artery, 609
intermuscular septa, 601
Fifth arch, rudimentary, 70
month foetus, no
Filum terminale of cord, 1417
Fimbria of brain, 1510, 1518, 1525
ovarian, 972
Fimbriae, 972
Fimbriata, plica, of tongue, 1343
Fimbriatum, corpus, 972
Fimbrio-dentate sulcus, 1509
First pharyngeal groove obliterated, 74
Fissure for ligamentum teres, 775
venosum, 776
longitudinal, 1450
orbital, inferior, 247, 253 , 1262
superior, 247, 263 , 1262
palpebral, 1289
pterygoid, 203
pterygo-maxillary, 253
squamo-tympanic, 187, 1673
tympano-mastoid, 192
1 Fissures of brain—
calcarine, 1503
choroidal, 1523
collateral, 1497
ecto-rhinal, 1508
lateral, 1495
INDEX
1733
fissures of brain ( continued )—
parieto-occipital, 1496
postcalcarine, 1^03
postclival, 1477
precalcarine, 1503
primary, of cerebellum, 1477
transverse, 1520
Fistula in ano, 677
umbilical urinary, 954
Fixation villi, 109
Fixed terms in anatomy, 3
Flaccida, membrana, 1676, 1677
Flagellum in spermatozoon, 13
Flava, ligamenta, 1108
Flexor—
accessorius, 647
carpi radialis, 470
ulnaris, 473
digiti minimi, 496
brevis, 650
digitorum brevis, 645
longus, 621
profundus, 481
sublimis, 470
hallucis brevis, 648
longus, 623
pollicis brevis, 494
longus, 482, 496
retinacula of ankle, 602
of hand, 493
Flexures of brain, 57, 58
of colon, left, 767
right, 766
Floor plate, 53
Foetal circulation, 1082
changes in, at birth, 1083
peculiarities of, 1082
membranes, 106
Foetus, 4, no
general growth of, no
maternal connections, 104
monthly growth, no
Fold or folds—
ary epiglottic, 73
glosso-epiglottic, 1380
lacrimal, 1294
peritoneal, 744
pharyngo-epiglottic, 1380
recto-uterine, 967
of Treeves, 792
vesico-uterine, 967
vestibular, 1385, 1387
vocal, 1388
Fontanelles, 180, 237, 239, 265, 266
sagittal, 180, 266
Foot, arches of, 672
as a whole, 386
Foramen or foramina—
caecum of frontal bone, 181, 261, 1604
of medulla oblongata, 1451
of tongue, 72, 1222
carotico-clinoid, 200
definition, 115
emissary, sphenoidal, 201, 263
of Hiischke, 194, 197
Foramen or foramina ( continued )—
incisive, 216, 255
infra-orbital, 212, 245
interventricular, of brain, 1535
of heart, 1081
jugular, 258, 264, 1166
lacerum, 258, 263
magnum, 176, 258, 264, 1167, 1633
structures passing through, 1167
mandibular, 231
mastoid, 187
mental, 229, 245
obturator, 340
optic, 229, 245, 247, 261
ovale, 201 , 253, 257, 263
of capsule of shoulder - joint,
461
in heart, 1065
tentorii, 1602
palatine, 226, 257
parietal, 243
pterygo-spinous, 203
rotundum, 201 , 255, 263
sacral, anterior, 144
sciatic, greater, 993
lesser, 535, 993
singulare, 190
spheno-palatine, 255
spinosum, 201 , 253, 263
sternal, 164, 171
stylo-mastoid, 192
supra-orbital, 244
supra-trochlear, 304
transversarium, 128
vertebral, 128
zygomatic, 219
zygomatico-facial, 219, 245, 247
zygomatico-temporal, 219, 247
Forceps major, 1516
minor, 1515
Fore-brain, 46, 56, 57
Fore-gut, 44, 62, 65
Formal position, the, 21
Formatio-reticularis alba, 1459
grisea, 1458
Formative cell-mass, 24
Fornix of brain, 1516, 1569
of conjunctive, 1292
Fossa or fosse—•
at base of skull, anterior, 260
middle, 261
posterior, 263
canine, 212
cerebellar, 264
condylar, 176, 258
coronoid, 304
cubital, 458
digastric, 230
digital, 744
for gall-bladder, 774
guttural, 257
hypophysial, 197, 261
iliac, 336, 708
incudis, 1675
incisive, of mandible, 229
I 734
INDEX
Fossa or fossae ( continued )—
incisive, of maxilla, 211, 216, 255
infraclavicular, 412
infraspinous, 292
infratemporal, 253
interpeduncular, 1561
intrabulbar, 941
ischio-rectal, 676
jugular, 191, 258
for lacrimal gland, 183, 245
nasal, 248
olecranon, 304
ovalis of heart, 1055
of middle ear, 1674
parafloccular, 191, 264
popliteal, 541, 545
pterygoid, 203, 257
pyriform, 76, 1376, 1386
radial, 304
retro-duodenal, 791
rotunda, 1674
scaphoid, 204
subarcuate, 191, 264
sublingual, 230
submandibular, 230
subnasal, 244
supraspinous, 292
temporal, 251
terminal, 941
tonsillar, 76
trochanteric, 348
trochlear, 183, 245, 1251
for vena cava, 777
vermian, 176, 264
vestibular, 696
Fountain decussation, 1433, 1551
Fovea-centralis, 1652
structure of, 1658
inferior, of fourth ventricle, 1490
spherica, 1683
superior, of fourth ventricle, 1491
Foveola of kidney, 903
Frankfurt plane, 242
Frenulum clitoridis, 695
labiorum, 696
linguae, 1336, 1343
lingulae of cerebellum, 1478
praeputii, 713
veli of superior medullary velum
1485, 1548
Frontal bone, 180
development of, 275
ossification of, 184
varieties of, 184
eminence, 181, 1633
lobe of brain, 1497
nerve, 1254
process of zygomatic, 220
sinus, 184, 250
suture, 238
Fronto-nasal process, 83, 88
Fronto-pontine tract, 1529, 1566
Funiculus, cuneatus, 1455
gelatinosus, 145 s
gracilis, 1455
Gaertner’s duct, 102
Galactophorous ducts, 415, 417
Gall-bladder, 778
development of, 891
lymphatics of, 891
spiral valve, 890
structure of, 890
Ganglia, basal, 1526
Gangliform enlargement on anterior
tibial nerve, 614
on median nerve, 489
on nerve to anconeus, 461
to teres minor, 432
on posterior interosseous nerve,
507
Ganglion, aortico-renal, 809
basal, 1526
of Bochdalek, 1320
cardiac, 1046
cervical, inferior, 1335
middle, 1334
superior, 1333
ciliary, 1257
coccygeal, 946
coeliac, 809
diaphragmaticum, 833
of facial nerve, 1403, 1618
of glosso-pharyngeal nerve,
inferior, 1325
superior, 1325
habenulae, 1541
impar, 946
interpedunculare, 1541, 1561
mesenteric, inferior, 811
superior, 809
otic, 1314
phrenic, 1016
spheno-palatine, 1320
spinal, 1419, 1428
spiral, 1694
splanchnic, 1105
stellate, 1104
submandibular, 1315
sympathetic, 1655
lumbar, 838
sacral, 922
trigeminal, 1167
of vagus nerve, inferior, 1328
superior, 1328
vestibular, 1404, 1693
Ganglionic layer of retina, 1654
Gastral mesoderm, 36
Gastrocnemius, 617
Gastro-phrenic ligament, 789
Gastrulation, 38
Gemellus, inferior, 535
superior, 535
Genial tubercles, 230
Genicular arteries, 548, 587, 589
nerves, 550, 580, 637
Geniculate bodies, 1538 , 1621
gyrus, 1514
Genio-glossus muscle, 1230
Genio-hyoid muscle, 1230
Genital cord, ioj
INDEX
Genital eminence, 99, 694, 698
swellings, 694, 698
Genito-femoral nerve, 554, 846
Genito-iirinary development, 92
Gennari, band of, 1547
Genu of central sulcus, 1496
of corpus callosum, 1514
of internal capsule, 1528
of sigmoid sinus, 1632
Gerlach, valve of, 764
Germ-cells, female, 14, 16
male, 12
origin, 13
Germinal cells in developing cord, 54
epithelium, 13, 16
layers, structures derived from, 111
vesicle, 15
Gill-slits, 66, 70
Glabella, 181, 244, 268
Gland or glands. See also Lymphatic
glands
buccal, 1272
bulbo-urethral, 685
cardiac, of stomach, 858
ceruminous, 1672
ciliary, 1290
duodenal, 867
gastric, 858
Haversian, 596, 598
intestinal, 867
labial, 1271
lacrimal, 1247
lingual, anterior, 1345
mammary, 412, 414 , 416
molar, 1272
of Montgomery, 415
nasal, 1359
palatal, 1351
parathyroid, 1223
parotid, 1284
prostate, 937
pyloric, 859
sublingual, 1234
submandibular, 1233
tarsal, 1291, 1292
thymus, 1019
thyroid, 1204, 1220
accessory, 1221
of tongue, 1344, 1345
urethral, 942
vestibular, greater, 697
Glandis, corona, 715
Gians clitoridis, 695
penis, 715
Gleno-humeral ligaments, 462
Glenoid cavity, 294 , 298
Glenoidale, labrum, 463
Glia cells of cerebellum, 1487
Glisson, capsule-*>f, 884
Globosus, nucleus, 1485
Globus pallidus, 1528
Glomeruli, external and internal, 93
Glomerulus of kidney, 905
Glomus coccygeum, 946
Glosso-epiglottic fold, 1343, 1380
1735
Glosso-pharyngeal nerve. See Cranial
nerves
Glottidis, rima, 1388
Gluteal artery, inferior, 538, 926
superior, 537, 927
fascia, 531
fold, 529 1
lines, 336
nerve, inferior, 539, 930
superior, 539, 930
region, 529
tuberosity, 350
reins, inferior, 538
superior, 536
Gluteus maximus, 531
medius, 532
minimus, 534
quartus, 534
Gnathic index, 269
Gnathion, 244, 268
Golgi, cells of, 1487, 1564
Gomphosis, 242 , 285
Gonads, 100
Gonion, 251, 268
Gracilis, fasciculus, 1418, 1429
funiculus, 1455
muscle, 516
nucleus, 1459
Granulations, arachnoid, 1599, 1609
Granulosa, membrana, 982
Grey matter—•
central, of medulla, 1459
of mid-brain, 1560 ” '
of cerebellum, 1484
of cerebral hemispheres, 1561
of spinal cord, 1420, 1424
of tegmentum, 1533
Groove, bicipital, 300
carotid, 200, 261
costal, 156
dental, of maxilla, 218
infra-orbital, 213
lacrimal, 222, 247
of maxilla, 213
medullary, 34
meningeal, anterior, 180
mylo-hyoid, 232
nasal, of ethmoid, 208
nuchal, 397
obturator, 340 *
olfactory, of ethmoid, 207
of sphenoid, 197
optic, 197, 261
peroneal, of cuboid, 377, 388, 390
for pharyngo-tympanic tube, 257
popliteal, 352 -- L
pulmonary, of thorax, 166
sacral, 146, 153
sigmoid, 188
spinal, 397
spiral, 300
subclavian, 290
of trapezium, 319, 333
vertebral, 153
Growth, embryonic, 48 ■
1736
INDEX
Growth, foetal, no
Gubernaculum of testis, 103, 740
Guerin, valvule of, 942
Gums, 1338
development of, 1339
Gustatory cells, 1348
organs, 1347
pore, 1348
Guttural fossa, 257
Gyrus or gyri—
angular, 1501
annectant, 1498
breves, 1506
cinguli, 1507
dentatus, 1509
frontal, 1498
geniculate, 1514
hippocampal, 1507
lingual, 1504
longus, 1506
marginal, 1499
occipito-temporal, 1505
orbital, 1499
precentral, 1497
postcentral, 1501
postparietal, 1502
rectus, 1499
subcallosal, 1514
supracallosal, 1514
supramarginal, 1501
temporal, 1505
Habenula, 1541
Habenulae, ganglion, 1541
striae, 1541
trigonum, 1541
Habenular commissure, 1541
Hair-cells, auditory, 1689, 1692
Hallucis, abductor, 644
adductor, 649
extensor brevis, 611
longus, 606
flexor brevis, 648
longus, 623
tendon of, 646
Hamate bone, 320
hook of, 321, 333
ossification of, 322
Hamstring muscles, 542, 544
Hamulus of lacrimal, 222
pterygoid, 203
of spiral lamina, 1686
Hand as a whole, 330
Hand-plates, no
Haploid number of chromosomes, 18
Harmonic suture, 394
Hassall, concentric corpuscles of, 1020
Haversian canals, 116
gland of hip-joint, 340, 596, 598
system, 117
Head, bones of, 173
process, 36
Heart, 1048
apex of, 1052, 1059
atrial portion of, 1051
Heart atrium, left, 1052, 1059
right, 1051, 1054
auricles of, 1051, 1052
base of, 1048, 1053
block, 1072
bloodvessels of, 1064
course of circulation, 1050
development of, 1073
exterior of, 1050
interior of, 1054
Latham’s circle, 1048
lymphatics of, 1067
nerves of, 1068
size of, 1073
topography of, 1048
of orifices of, 1064
tube, 90
ventricle, left, 1060
right, 1055
ventricular portion of, 1052
weight of, 1073
Helicine arteries, 953
Helicis major muscle, 1296
minor muscle, 1296
Helicotrema, 1686, 1689
Helix, 1294
spine of, 1295
tail of, 1295
Hemisternal cartilages, 170
Henle, loop of, 901, 903
Hensen, cells of, 1692
continuity theory of, 55
Hepatic artery, 813, 885
canals, 886
cells, 886
cylinders, 889
duct, 778
lobule, 884
plexus, 809
veins, 885
Hepatis, pons, 775, 777
porta, 775
sustentaculum, 789
Hernia, appendicular, 787
congenital, 747
diaphragmatic, 838
encysted, 747
femoral, 568
infantile, 747
inguinal, direct, medial, 746
oblique, lateral, 745
medial, 746
mesenteric, 786 s
meso-colic, 787
retro-peritoneal, 791
umbilical, 748
congenital, 748
Hertwig, sheath of, 287
Heterotypical mitosis, 17
Hiatus, definition, 115
for greater superficial petrosal nerve,
189, 190, 263
for lesser superficial petrosal nerve,
189, 263
semilunaris, 1357
INDEX
1737
Hilton, white line of, 962
Hilton’s law, 433
Hilum of lung, 1022
Hind-brain, ss, =>7
Hind-gut, 44, 45
Hinge-joint, 393
Hip bone, 334
ossification of, 341
joint, 590
arterial supply of, 596
bursae of, 598
capsular ligament, 590
Haversian gland, 596, 598
ilio-femoral ligament, 591
ischio-femoral ligament, 591
nerves of, 596
pubo-femoral ligament, 592
relations of, 596
synovial membrane, 595
Hippocampal commissure, 1518, 1568
gyrus, 1507
Hippocampus, 1509, 1532
His’ theory of nerve growth, 35
Histology, 1
Holden’s guide to greater trochanter, 552
Holoblastic ova, 25
Homodynamy, 6, 122
Homogeneity, 6
Homology, 6, 122
serial, 6, 122
Horns of cord, 1421, 1422
of lateral ventricle, 1523, 1524
Horseshoe kidney, 822
Humeral lymphatic glands, 424
Humerus, 299
anatomical neck of, 299
bicipital groove, 300
capitulum, 304
epicondyles, 304
greater tuberosity, 299
lesser tuberosity, 300
nutrient foramen, 300
ossification of, 305
shaft, 300
spiral groove, 300
structure, 304
supracondylar process, 302
surgical neck of, 300
trochlea, 304
varieties, 305
Humphry’s ligament, 633
Hiischke, foramen of, 194, 197
Hyaloid artery, 1664
canal of eye, 1664
membrane, 1662
Hyaloplasm, 8
Hydroccele, encysted, of spermatic cord,
743
Hymen, 695
development of, 696, 699
Hyo-glossus muscle, 1231
Hyoid arch, 75, 278
bone, 235
body, 235
horns, 236
Hyoid bone, development of, 278
ossification of, 236
tubercle of, 235
Hyperchordal bar, 143
Hypoblast, 25
Hypobranchial eminence, 70
Hypochordal bar, 168
Hypogastric sympathetic plexus, 811
zone, 755
subdivisions of, 755
Hypoglossal nerve. See Cranial
nerves
triangle, 1490
Hypophysial fossa, 197
Hypophysis cerebri, 1171
development of, 58, 87, 1171
infundibulum, 1171
structure of, 1171
Hypospadias, 700
Hypothalamus, 1543
.
Ichthyopsida, 23, 69
Ileo-caecal fold, 792
Ileo-colic valve, 873
frenula of, 873
Ileum, 762, 869
peritoneal relations of, 786
Iliac arteries. See Arteries
fossa, 336
left, contents of, 708
right, contents of, 708
veins. See Veins
Ilio-costalis muscle, 404
Ilio-costo-cervicalis muscles, 404
Ilio-femoral ligament, 591
Ilio-hypogastric nerve, 531, 710, 728, 845
Ilio-inguinal nerve, 554, 729, 845
Ilio-pectineal septum, 856
Ilio-psoas muscle, 571, 842
Ilio-pubic eminence, 335
Ilio-tibial tract, 531, 560 , 57 °
Ilio-trochanteric band, 593
Ilium, 334
anterior inferior spine, 334
superior spine, 334
auricular area, 336
groove, 346
crest, 334
gluteal lines, 336
surface, 336
ligamentous area, 336
muscular area, 336
posterior spines, 334, 336
Impar, ganglion, 946
tuberculum, 70
Impregnation, 20
Impression, trigeminal, 189, 263
Incisive canal, 248
crest, 248
foramina, 216, 255
fossa of mandible, 229
Incisor crest, 216
teeth, 278
Incisura semilunaris cerebelli, 1475
temporalis, 1507
INDEX
1738
Incus, 1678
ligament of, 1679
Index, alveolar, 269
cranial, 269
gnathic, 269
nasal, 269
orbital, 269
vertical, of skull, 269
Indicis, dorsalis, artery, 511
extensor, muscle, 506
radialis, artery, 487, 498
Indusium griseum, 1510
Infarcts, red and white, 109
Infraclavicular fossa, 412
lymphatic glands, 416, 434
Infrahyoid muscles, 1200
region, 1203
Infra-orbital canal, 245, 247
foramen, 212, 245
groove, 213
nerve, 1276, 1319
plexus, 1274, 1276
process of zygomatic, 220
Infrapatellar tendon, 574
Infraspinatus muscle, 437
Infratemporal crest of sphenoid, 202
Infundibuliform fascia, 716, 739
Infundibulum of ethmoid, 209
of frontal, 184
of heart, 1056
of hypophysis cerebri, 1171, 1544
of lung, 1028
of nasal fossa, 250, 1357
of uterine tube, 972
Inguinal canal, 735
position of, 708
hernia, 745-748
ligament, 551, 707, 719
lymphatic glands, 558
recesses, 745
triangle, 708, 736
Inion, 243, 268
Inner cell mass, 24, 25
Innominate canal, 201
Intercellular passages of liver, 886
Interclavicular ligament, 443
Intercostal arteries, 411, 997
membranes, 994, 995
muscles, 994, 995
nerves, 728, 996, 1099
spaces, 167
Intercosto-brachial nerve, 433 , 447
Intercrural fibres, 718
Intercuneiform joints, 669
Interfoveolar ligament, 726
Interglobular spaces, 285, 287
Interior of cranium, 259
Interlamina sulcus, 54
Interlobar notch of liver, 777
Interlobular plexuses of liver, 885
Intermediate cell mass, 42
formation from, 92, 93
Intermetacarpal joints, 526
Intermetatarsal joints, 671
Interosseous artery, anterior, 478
Interosseous artery, common, 478
posterior, 506, 507
recurrent, 508
membrane of forearm, 521
of leg, 660
muscles of foot, 650
dorsal, 651
plantar, 650
of hand, 512
dorsal, 512
palmar, 494, 512
nerve, anterior, 481
posterior, 506
Interparietal bone, 177
Interpeduncular fossa, 1561
space, 1445
Interphalangeal joints, foot, 572
hand, 528
Interspinales muscles, 410
Intertragic notch, 1294
Intertransversales muscles, 410
Intertubercular line, 755
plane, 755
Interventricular foramen, 1535
Intervertebral discs, 1107
development of, 59, 169
Intervillous space, 105, 108
Intestinal canal, 761
blood-supply of, 795
development of, 870
glands, 867
lymphatic trunk, 832
Intestine, large, 762
appendices epiploicae, 871
blood-supply of, 871
character of, 871
development of, 872
of position of, 874
lymphatics of, 799, 802
nerves of, 871
structure of, 870
small, blood-supply of, 869
characteristics of different parts
of, 869
circular folds of, 864
development of, 870
of positions of, 874
glands of, 867
lacteal vessels, 866
lymphatics of, 869
structure of, 863
villi of, 865
Intra-embryonic coelom, 42, 46
Intralobular plexuses of liver, 885
Intratonsillar cleft, 1354
Intra-uterine conditions in pregnancy,
104
Iris, 1648
blood-supply, 1651
development of, 1670
muscles of, 1650
nerves of, 1651
structure, 1650
Ischio-cavernosus, female, 702
male, 679
INDEX
1739
Ischiofemoral ligament, 591
Ischiorectal fossa, 676
contents of, 677
diverticula of, 676, 677
Ischium, 347
body, 337
ramus, 338 *
spine of, 338
tuberosity of, 338, 529
Islets of Langerhans, 892
Isolecithal eggs, 23
Isthmus of external auditory meatus, 194
of gyrus cinguli, 1507
oropharyngeal, 1330
pharyngeal, 1371
of rhombencephalon, 38
Japonicum, os, 221
Jejunum, 762, 869
Joints, acromio-clavicular, 444
ankle, 661
atlantoaxial, 1404, 1408
altanto-occipitai, 1406, 1409
ball-and-socket, 393
calcaneo-cuboid, 675
carpometacarpal, 325
of thumb, 523
cartilaginous, 393
classification of, 394
condyloid, 393
costochondral, 1112
costotransverse, 1112
costovertebral, mo
cricoarytenoid, 1383
crico-thyroid, 1385
cuboideometatarsal, 669
cuneo-cuboid, 669
cuneo-navicular. 668
elbow, 316
femoropatellar. 628, 639
fibrous, 393
of foot, 664
general, 393
of hand, 522
hinge, 303
hip, 590
intercarpal, 324
xnterchondral, 1114
intercoccygeal, 989
intercuneiform, 669
mtermetacarpal, 526
intermetatarsal, 671
interphalangeal, of foot. 672
of hand, 528
knee, 62S
lumbosacral, 988
mandibular, 1316
metacarpophalangeal, 327
metatarsophalangeal, 671
mid-tarsal, 663
movements of joints, 393
naviculo-cuboid, 668
obstetrical, 177
of occipital bone, 1406, 1409
of pelvis, 988
Joints, pisiform, 324
pivot, 393
plane, 393
pubic symphysis, 092
radioulnar, 520
of ribs, mo
sacro-coccygeal, 989
sacroiliac, 990
saddle, 393
shoulder, 461
sternal, 1114
stemo-clavicular, 443
stemo-costal, 1113
suture, 394
syndesmosis. 393
synovial, 393
talo-calcaneal 664
talo-ca lcaneonavicula r 663
tarsometatarsal, 669
tibiofibular, inferior. 639
intermediate, 660
superior, 639
transverse carpal, 323
of vertebral column, 1105
wrist, 322
Jugular arch, 1175
facet, 192
foramen, 258, 264, 1166
fossa of temporal, 191, 238
lymphatic trunk, 1199
notch of occipital, 1 76
process of occipital. 176. 258
vein, anterior, 1173
external, 1176
development of, 1177
internal, 1211
posterior external 1142, 1178
Jugum sphenoidale 197, 206
Karyokinesis, 9
Karyoplasm, 8, 9. 13
Karyosomes, 9
Kata phase, 10
Kidneys, 817
arteries of, 904
calyces of, 907, 908
cortex of, 901
development of, 95. 910
early condition of, 909
glomerulus, 903
hilum of, 821
lymphatics of, 907
medulla of, 900
pelvis of, 907
sinus of, 821
structure of, 900
uriniierous tubules 901
varieties of, S22
veins of, 906
Knee-joint, 628
arterial supply. 637
bursae of, 640
ligaments of. arcuate. 631
capsular. 622
cruciate, 634
174 ° INDEX
Knee-joint, ligaments, Humphry’s, 633
lateral, 630
medial, 629
oblique posterior, 631
patellae, 629
transverse, 633
Wrisberg’s, 633
movements of, 637
nerve supply, 637
semilunar cartilages, 632
synovial membrane, 634
Labia majora, 692
development of, 694
minora, 693
development of, 694
Labial mucous glands, 1271
Labrum, acetabulare, 594, 597
glenoidale, 463
Labyrinth of ear, membranous, 1687
blood-supply of, 1694
of themoid, 208
of kidney, 901
osseous, 1683
Lacrimal apparatus, 1293
artery, 1260
bone, 222
development of, 277
hamulus of, 222
ossification, 223
structure, 223
varieties, 223
canal, 245
canaliculi, 1293
crest, 222
fold, 1294
fossa, 183, 245
gland, 1247
groove, 247
of lacrimal, 222
of maxilla, 213
nerve, 1254, 1276
notch of maxilla, 213
process of inferior nasal concha, 223
sac, 1293
Lacrimalis, caruncula, 1289, 1292
lacus, 1289
Lacteal vessels, 866
Lactiferous ducts, 415, 417
Lacuna or lacunae—
laterales, 1603
magna, 942
muscular, 856
urethales, 942
vascular, 856
Lacunar region, 855
Lacus lacrimalis, 1289
Lambda, 180, 237 , 242, 268, 1629
Lambdoid suture, 237 , 1630
Lamina basalis, 1646
chorio-capillaris, 1646
cribrosa of internal auditory
meatus, 190 , 1686
of sclera, 1643
dorsal, of cord, 54, 1440
Lamina elastic, of cornea, 1644
fusca, 1643
labio-dental, 286
osseous spiral, 1685
reticular, 1693
suprachoroid, 1646
terminalis of brain, 1510, 1544
vasculosa of choroid, 1646
ventral, of cord, 54, 1439
vertebral, 127
Landmarks of abdominal wall, 704
of arm, 446
axilla, 412
of back, 397
of scalp and neck, 1141
of thigh and popliteal space, 540
of face, 1263
of front and inner side of thigh, 551
of wrist and palm, 482
of gluteal region, 529
of leg, 598
of male perinaeum, 674
of pectoral region, 412
of side of neck, 1172
of sole of foot, 641
Langerhans, centro-acinar cells of, 891
islets of, 892
Laryngeal artery, inferior, 1243
superior, 1214
nerve, external, 1329, 1395
internal, 1329, 1395
recurrent, 1044, 1045, 1330 * 1395
superior, 1329, 1395
Larynx, cartilages of, 1379
development of, 73, 1397
epiglottis, 1379
inlet, 1386
lymphatics of, 1396
mucous membrane of, 1399
muscles, intrinsic, of, 1390
actions of, summary of,
1394
nerves of, 1395
pyriform fossa, 76, 1373, 1386
rima glottidis, 1388
vestibuli, 1388
saccule of, 1387
sinus of, 1387
structure of, 1379
vessels of, 1396
vestibular folds, 1385, 1387
ligaments, 1387
vestibule of, 1387
vocal folds, 1388
ligaments, 1385
Latham, circle of, 1048
Latissimus dorsi muscle, 399
nerve to, 431
Law of ossification, 305
Lemniscus, decussation of, 1465
lateral, in mid-brain, 1557
in pons, 1471, 1475
medial, in medulla, 1465, 1466
in mid-brain, 1556
in pons, 1473
INDEX
I 74 I
Lens, crystalline, 1661
capsule of, 1662
development of, 1667
at different ages, 1662
vesicle, 1665, 1667
Lenticularis, ansa, 1531, 1539, 1567
Lentiformis, nucleus, 1526
Leptorhine skulls, 269
Lesser, triangle of, 1228
Levator anguli oris, 1268
ani, 947
glandulae thyroidae, 1221
labii superioris, 1268
alaeque nasi, 1267
palati, 1353, 1378
palpebrae, superioris, 1247
scapulae, 400
Levatores costarum, 410
longiores, 411
Lienis, sustentaculum, 767
Ligament or ligaments—
accessory, of atlas and axis, 1405
of knee, 629
acromio-clavicular, 444
alar, of odontoid process, 1408
of ankle-joint, 661
annular, of stapes, 1690
of superior radio-ulnar joint,
520
apical, of odontoid process, 1408
arcuate, of diaphragm, 836
of knee, 631
atlanto-axial, posterior, 1406
atlanto-occipital, 1406
of auricle, 1296
bifurcated, 665
of bladder, false, 918, 952
true, 952
brachial, medial, 452
of calcaneo-cuboid joint, 666
calcaneo-navicular, plantar, 665, 673
of carpo-metacarpal joints, 525
check, of orbit, 1253
conoid, 444
Cooper, oblique ligament of, 518
coraco-acromial, 445
coraco-clavicular, 444
coraco-humeral, 462
coronary, of knee, 628
costo-clavicular, 443
costo-coracoid, 420
costo-transverse, 112
cruciate, of atlas and axis, 1407, 1408
of knee, 634
of cuboideo-metatarsal joint, 671
of cuneo-cuboid joint, 669
of cuneo-navicular joint, 669
digital vaginal, of hand, 492
of elbow, 517, 518
fundiform, of Retzius, 604
gastro-phrenic, 789
gastro-splenic, 789
gleno-humeral, 462
of head of femur, 593
of hip-joint, 590
Ligament or ligaments (< continued )—
of knee-joint, capsular, 590
of head of femur, 593
ilio-femoral, 590
ischio-femoral, 592
transverse, 595
Humphry’s 633
hyo-epiglottic, 1380
ilio-femoral, 590
ilio-lumbar, 988
inguinal, 551, 707, 719
pectineal part of, 719
reflected part of, 720
relations of, 718
of intercarpal joints, 524
interclavicular, 443
interclinoid, 1163
of intercuneiform joints, 669
interfoveolar, 725
of intermetacarpal joints, 526
of intermetatarsal joints, 671
of interphalangeal joints of hand, 528
of foot, 672
interspinous, of vertebrae, 1109
intertransverse, of vertebrae, mo
intra - articular, of costo - vertebral
joints, 1111
of sterno-costal joints, 1113
of knee-joint, 628
accessory, 629
arcuate, 631
capsular, 628
coronary, 628
cruciate, 634
Humphry’s, 633
lateral, 630
medial, 629
oblique posterior, 613
patellae, 574, 629
transverse, 633
of Wrisberg, 633
of laminae of vertebrae, 1108
of larynx, 1384
of left vena cava, 1018
lieno-phrenic, 789
lieno-renal, 789
of liver, 788
coronary, 788
falciform, 788
triangular, 788
longitudinal, anterior, 1105, 1406
posterior, 1106
lumbo-sacral, 988
of malleus, 1679
of mandibular joint, 1316
of metacarpo-phalangeal joints, 527
of metatarso-phalangeal joints, 671
oblique posterior, of knee, 631
occipito-axial, 1407
of ovary, 982
palpebral, lateral, 1291
medial, 1265, 1291
pectinate, of iris, 1644, 1645
pectineal, 856
peritoneal, 78S
1742
Ligament or ligaments [continued)
petro-sphenoidal, 193
phrenico-colic, 789
phrenico-splenic, 789
piso-hamate, 473, 524
piso-metacarpal, 473, 524
plantar, long, 667
short, 667
pterygo-mandibular, 1181
pterygo-spinous, 1181
of pubic symphysis, inferior, 682, 98
pubo-femoral, 592
pubo-prostatic, 922
pulmonary, 1005
quadrate, 520
radiate, mi
radio-carpal, posterior, 522
radio-ulnar, 520
sacro-coccygeal, 989
sacro-iliac, 990
sacro-spinous, 991
sacro-tuberous, 542, 990
falciform process of, 991
of the scapula, 445
of shoulder-joint, 461
spheno-mandibular, 234, 1181, 1316
spino-glenoid, 445
spiral, of cochlea, 1690
of spleen, 789
of sternal joints, 1114
sterno-clavicular, 443
sterno-costal, 1113
sterno-pericardial, 1018
stylo-hyoid, 1232
stylo-mandibular, 1181, 1317
suprascapular, 445
supraspinous, 1109
suspensory, of axilla, 420
of eye, 1252
of lens, 1664
of ovary, 970
of penis, 713
talo-calcaneal, 664
of talo-calcaneo-navicular joint, 605
of tarso-metatarsal joints, 669
temporo-mandibular, 1316
thyro-epiglottic, 1380
thyro-hyoid, 1384
of tibio-fibular joints, 659
transverse, of atlas, 1405
deep, of palm, 526
of foot, 671
of hip-joint, 595
of inferior tibio-fibular joint, 660
of perinaeum, 682
of shoulder-joint, 453, 463
superficial, of palm, 484
trapezoid, 444
of uterus, broad, 968
of vertebrae, 1105
vestibular, 1385
vocal, 1385
of Wrisberg, 633
of wrist-joint, 522
of Zinn, 1250
INDEX
Ligamentum or ligamenta—*
arteriosum, 1043
denticulata, 1413, 1415
flava, 1108
nuchae, 399, 1144
patellae, 574, 629
pectinatum iridis, 1644, 1655
suspensoria of mammary gland,
414
teres of liver, 788, 1126
of uterus, 986
venosum, 1127
Ligula of fourth ventricle, 1492
Limb buds, no
lower, 529
upper, 397
Limbic lobe, 1506
Limbous suture, 237
Limbus, lamina spiralis, 1691
sphenoidalis, 197, 261
Limen insulae, 1506
Line or lines—
Addison’s, 755
arcuate, 340
gluteal, 336
intertubercular, 755
lateral, of abdomen, 755
mylo-hyoid, 230
Nelaton’s, 552
nuchal, 172, 250
oblique, of mandible, 231
of ulna, 314
pectineal, 350
quadrate, 350
soleal, 361
spino-umbilical, 707
subcostal, 755
Sylvian, 1632
temporal, 178
trapezoid, 290, 297
vertical, of tibia, 361
Linea alba, 704
aspera, 350
splendens, 1415
Lineae semilunares, 705
Lingual artery, 1215
glands, 1345
nerve, 1313
Lingula of cerebellum, 1477
of mandible, 231
of sphenoid, 200, 276
Linin, 9
Lips, 1336
Liquor folliculi, 19, 982
Lithotomy, lateral, structures divided in,
692
Liver, 771
borders of, 777
cells of, 886
component parts, 771
connections of, 771
cystic notch, 777
development of, 79, 888
duct of, 778
excretory apparatus of, 778
INDEX
17 43
Liver fissures or fossae of—
for gall-bladder, 774
for ligamentum teres, 775
venosum, 776
for vena cava, 777
impression, cardiac, 773
colic, 775
duodenal, 775
oesophageal, 776
renal, 775
suprarenal, 777
interlobar notch, 777
ligaments of, 788
lobes of—
caudate, 777
left, 773
quadrate, 774
right, 773
lobules of, 884
lymphatics of, 887
nerves of, 868
peritoneal relations of, 777
porta hepatis, 775, 777
position of, 771
structure of, 884
surface of, 773
topography of, 771
tuber omentale, 774
Lobes of cerebral hemispheres—
frontal, 1497
insula, 1505
limbic, 1506
occipital, 1502
olfactory, 1510
parietal, 1499
pyriform, 1508
temporal, 1504
of cerebellum. See Cerebellum
of testis, 750
Lobule of ear, 1294
Lobules of cerebral hemispheres—cuneus, 1504
paracentral, 1499
parietal, 1501
postcentral, 1506
praecuneus, 1502
precentral, 1506
quadrate, 1502
of cerebellum, See Cerebellum
of epididymis, 751, 752
Locus caerulus, 1491
Longissimus capitis muscle, 406
cervicis muscle, 406
thoracis muscle, 406
Lucidum, septum, 1518
cavity of, 1520
Lumbar arteries, 847
fascia, 403, 404, 840, 841
lymphatic trunk, 833
plexus, 844
puncture, 154
triangle, 400, 708
vertebrae, 138
Lumbo-sacral trunk, 847
Lumbrical muscles of foot, 649 .
Lumbrical muscles of hand, 492
Lunate bone, 317
ossification, 322
Lung buds, 77, 1029
Lungs, 1021
cervical part of, 1246
development of, 77, 1028
difference between lungs, 1025
in foetus, 1031
lobes of, 1023
lymphatics of, 1029
nerves of, 1029
root of, 1025
structure of, 1027
Lunules of aortic valve, 1063
Luteum, corpus, 982
Lymphatic duct, right, 1246
Lymphatic glands—
antecubital, 452
aortic, 832
apical, 424
axillary, 416, 424, 434
buccinator, 1284
caval, 1104
central, of axilla, 434
cervical, deep, 1189, 1199
superficial, 1178
coeliac, 815
colic, 803
facial, 1280
deep, 1309
gastric, 815
hepatic, 816
humeral, 424, 434
ileo-colic, 800
iliac, common, 849, 852
external, 855
internal, 927
infraclavicular, 416, 434
inguinal, 558
deep, 559
superficial, 558
innominate, 1101
intercostal, 1095, 1101
of intestine, large, 803
small, 799
juxta-aortic, 833
lingual, 1217
mammary, internal (or sternal),
1101
mastoid, 1161
mediastinal, anterior, 1014.
See also Innominate
posterior, 1101
mesentric, inferior, 802
superior, 789
obturator, 855
occipital, 1148
pancreatic, 815
pararectal, 964
paratracheal, 1199, 1227
parotid (pre-auricular), 1285
pectoral, 424, 434
popliteal, 551
pre-aortic, 832
*744
INDEX
Lymphatic glands ( continued ,)—
pre-laryngeal, 1199, 1386
pretracheal, 1199, 1225
pubic, 558
retro-aortic, 833
retro-femoral, 855
sacral, 946
splenic, 815
submandibular, 1198
submental, 1199, 1203
subscapular, 424, 434
supratrochlear, 452
thoracic, 1101
tibial, anterior, 610
tracheo-bronchial, 1103
Lymphatic nodules of spleen, 896
system, development of, 1377
trunk, intestinal, 832
lumbar, 833
vessels of—
abdominal wall, deep, 733
superficial, 558, 712
anal canal, 964
antebrachial, 514
anus, 964
auricle, 1672
bladder, 952
brachial, 514
buttock, 658
carpal, 513
clitoris, 695, 715
colon, ascending, 800
descending, 802
pelvic, 802, 943
transverse, 800
diaphragm, 834
digital, foot, 658
hand, 513
epididymis, 750
face, 1283
gall-bladder, 891
genitals, external, 558
gluteal region, 540, 558
gums, 1338
heart, 1067
inguinal region, 558
intercostal spaces, 999
intestine, large, 800, 802, 943
small, 799, 869
kidney, 907
larynx, 1396
lips, 1336
liver, 887
lower limb, 558, 658
lungs, 1029
mammary gland, 416
nasal cavity, 1363
nose, 1298
oesophagus, 1088
ovary, 982
palate, mucous membrane, of
hard, 1338
palm, 513
pancreas, 893
parotid gland, 1288
Lymphatic vessels ( continued )—
penis, 715
pericardium, 1019
perineum, female, 693
male, deep, 690
superficial, 558, 690
pharynx, 1373
pleura, ion
rectum, 964
scalp, 1162
scrotum, 717
seminal vesicles, 959
spleen, 897
stomach, 860
suprarenals, 898
testis, 750
thyroid gland, 1222
tongue, 1347
tonsils, 1355
trachea, 1225
upper limb, 513
ureter, 909
urethra, female, 988
male, 942, 943
uterine tubes, 983
uterus, 986
vagina, 986
vulva, 704
Lymph sacs, 1137
jugular, 1137
posterior, 1137
retro-peritoneal, 1137
McBurney, point of, 708
Macrocephaly, 268
Macrosomes, 25
Macula, lutea, 1653
sacculi, 1688
utricli, 1688
Magma reticulare, 32
Malleolar arteries, 609, 627
Malleolus, lateral, 364
medial, 361
Malleus, 1678
development of, 74, 1678
Mamillo-thalamic tract, 1517, 1543
Mammalia, 23
Mammary artery, internal —•
cervical part, 1242
thoracic part, 999
gland, 412, 414
accessory, 416
blood-supply, 415
development of, 417
lymphatics of, 416
nerves, 416
structure of, 416
lymphatic glands, 11 or
Mammillary process, 139
Mandibular arch, 66
canal, 231
foramen, 231
fossa, 186
joint, 1316
notch, 232
INDEX
1745
Mandible, 229
angle of, 232
base, 231
body, 229
changes in age, 234
condyloid process, 233
coronoid process, 232
development, 234
lingula, 231
ossification of, 234
structure, 234
symphysis of, 229
Mantle layer of cord, 54, 1437
Manubrium sterni, 161
Marginal layer of cord, 54, 1437
sinus of placenta, 106, no
tubercle of zygomatic, 220
Marrow, 121
Massa intermedia, 1534
Masseter muscle, 1301
Masseteric artery, 1307
nerve, 1309
Mastoid air-cells, 188
emissary vein, 1608
foramen, 187, 259
lymphatic glands, 1161
notch, 187, 258
process of temporal, 187
Maternal connections of foetus, 104
Maturation of ovum, 19
Maxilla, 211
alveolar process, 214
body, 211
development of, 277
frontal process, 214
ossification of, 218
palatine process, 215
structure of, 217
zygomatic process, 214
Maxillary processes—
of inferior nasal concha, 223
of palatine, 226
of zygomatic, 220
sinus, 217
Meatus, auditory, external, 193,
1671
bloodvessels of, 1672
early condition of, 1672
lymphatics, 1672
nerves of, 1672
internal, 190, 264
definition, 115
inferior, 1357
middle, 1357
of nasal fossae, 250
superior, 1356
Medial and median, definition, 122
Median artery, 478 , 498, 516
basilic vein, 450
cephalic vein, 450
nerve in arm, 458
digital branches of, 489
in forearm, 480
in hand, 489
lateral root of, 432
Median artery, medial root of, 423
palmar cutaneous branch of, 466,
481
summary of, 490
vein, 448
deep, 450
Mediastinal space, ion
Mediastinum, 1003, ion
anterior, 1006, 1013
middle, 1006, 1015
superior, 1006, 1012
testis, 750
Medulla oblongata, 1443, 1451
central canal of, 1446
development of, 1581
grey matter of, 1456
structure, internal, of, 1456
white matter of, 1462
Medullary cords in gonads, 100
groove, 34
laminae of nucleus lentiformis, 1528 *
1538
rays of kidney, 901
ridges, 34
spaces, 118
vela, 1485, 1491
Megakaryocytes, 121
Megaseme, 269
Membrana eboris, 284, 287
flaccida, 1676, 1677
granulosa, 982
limitans retinae, 1654
nictitans, 1292
propria, 1688
pupillaris, 1652
sacciformis, 315, 521
tectoria, 1407
of cochlea, 1693
Membrane or membranes—
atlanto-occipital, 1406, 1407
basilar, 1690
cell, 9
crico-vocal, 1384
intercostal, 994, 995
interosseous, of arm, 521
of leg, 660
nuclear, 8, 9
obturator, 993
perineal, 683
secondary, of tympanum, 1677
suprapleural, 1007, 1246
thyro-hyoid, 1384
tympanic, 1675
vestibular, 1690
Membranous labyrinth, 1687
Meningeal arteries, 1599
veins, 1601
Meninges of brain, 1598
of spinal cord, 1410 •*»
Menstruation, 19
Mental foramen, 229, 245
nerve, 1277 , 1313
point, 244, 268
protuberance, 229
tubercle, 229
no
1746
INDEX
Mentalis muscle, 1271
Mercier, bar of, 951
Meridian of eyeball, 1641
Meroblastic ova, 25
Mesaticephalic skulls, 243, 269
Mesencephalon, 1547
Mesenchyme, 112
Mesenteric artery, inferior, 801
superior, 796
hernia, 786
lymphatic glands, inferior, 802
superior, 789
plexus, inferior, 811
superior, 809
vein, inferior, 802
superior, 798
windows, 787
Mesentery, definition of, 780
primitive dorsal, 79, 793
ventral, 61, 79
proper, 786
ventral gastro-duodenal, 793
of vermiform appendix, 787
Mesoblast, 22, 26
Mesocardium, 90
Mesocephalic skulls, 268
Meso-colon, pelvic, 787
transverse, 787, 794
Mesoderm, 22
chorionic, 30, 33
covering fore-brain, 56
of visceral arches, 68
embryonic, 33
formation of, 26
gastral, 36
intra-embryonic, 30
lateral sheet of, 40, 41
paraxial, 40, 41
primitive, 26
prostomial, 36
somatic, 41
splanchnic, 41
structures derived from, 112
Meso-gastrium, 793
Mesognathion, 218
Mesognathous skulls, 244, 269
Mesonephros, 92, 94, 91^
Mesorchium, 740
Mesorhine skulls, 269
Meso-salpinx, 968
Mesoseme, 269
Mesothelium, 112
Mesovarium, 968
Metacarpal arteries, dorsal, 511
palmar, 498
bone, first, 323
Metacarpo-phalangeal joints, 527
Metacarpus, 323
ossification of, 329
as a whole, 327
Metakinesis, 10
Metanephros, 92, 94, 910
Metatarsal arteries, dorsal, 613
first plantar, 657
Metatarso-phalangeal joints, 671
Metatarsus, 378
ossification of, 386
varieties of, 384
as a whole, 384
Metathalamus, 1538
Metopic suture, 238
Meynert, ganglion of, 1544
Microcephalic skulls, 268
Microseme, 269
Mid-gut, 45, 61
Mid-tarsal joints, 665
Mitral cells, 1570
orifice, 1156
position of, 1064
valve, 1061
Moderator band of heart, 1057
Modiolus, 1686
Molar glands, 1272
teeth, 280
Molecular layer of cerebellum, "i486
Mons pubis, 692
Montgomery, glands of, 415
Morbus cseruleus, 1085
Morgagni, sinus of, 1370
Morphology, 1
of intrinsic muscles of hand, 515
Morula, 22
Moss-fibres of Cajal, 1488
Mouth cavity, 1335
development of, 86
I proper, 1336
vestibule of, 1336
Movable kidney, 822
Movements of joints, 395
Multifidus muscle, 409
Munzer, bundle of, 1558
Muscles—
abductor digiti minimi—
foot, 646
hand, 496
hallucis, 644
ossis metatarsi quinti, 643
pollicis brevis, 493
longus, 505
adductor brevis, 577
hallucis, 649
longus, 576
magnus, 577
minimus, 578
pollicis, 494, 496
anconeus, 500
antitragicus, 1296
articularis genu, 573
ary-epiglotticus, 1394
arytenoideus, 1393
obliquus, 1393
transversus, 1394
auricularis, anterior, 1160
posterior, 1160
superior, 1160
of Bell, 951
biceps brachii, 452
femoris, 542
biventer cervicis, 407
brachialis, 452
INDEX
17 47
Muscles ( continued )—
brachio-radialis, 501
buccinator, 1269
bulbo-spongiosus, of female, 702
of male, 680
ciliary, 1648
coccygeus, 948
compressor naris, 1267
sacculi laryngis, 1394
venae dorsalis penis, 680
constrictor inferior, of pharynx, 1368
middle, of pharynx, 1368
radicis penis, 680
superior, of pharynx, 1369
coraco-brachialis, 452
corrugator cutis ani, 675
supercilii, 1266
costalis, 405
cremaster, 723
crico-arytenoideus lateralis, T392
posterior, 1392
crico-thyroideus, 1390
dartos, 716
deltoid, 436
depressor alae nasi, 1268
anguli oris, 1270
labii inferioris, 1270
detrusor urnae, 950
diaphragm, 1833
central tendon of, 833
development of, 837
orifices of, 835
digastric, 1227
dilator naris, anterior, 1268
posterior, 1268
pupillae, 1650, 1652
extensor carpi radialis brevis, 502
longus, 501
ulnaris, 503
digiti minimi, 303
digitorum, 302
brevis, 611
longus, 607
hallucis brevis, 611
longus, 606
indicis, 506
pollicis brevis, 305
longus, 505
flexor accessorius, 647
carpi radialis, 470
ulnaris, 470
digiti minimi, 496
brevis, 650
digitorum brevis, 645
longus, 621
profundus, 481
sublimis, 470
hallucis brevis, 648
longus, 623
pollicis brevis, 494
longus, 482, 496
gastrocnemius, 617
gemellus inferior, 535
superior, 535
genio-glossus, 1230
Muscles ( continued )—
genio-hyoid, 1230
gluteus maximus, 531
medius, 532
minimus, 334
quartus, 534
gracilis, 376
hamstring, 542, 544
helicis major, 1296
minor, 1296
hyo-glossus, 1231
iliacus, 842
ilio-capsularis, 842
ilio-costalis, 404
ilio-costo-cervicalis, 404
ilio-psoas, 571
infraspinatus, 437
intercostal, external, 994
internal, 995
intercostales intimi, 996
interosseous, of foot, 650
of hand, 494, 512
interspinales, 410
intertransversales, 410
ischio-cavernosus, of female, 702
of male, 679
of larynx, intrinsic, 1390
latissimus dorsi, 399 » 439
levator anguli oris, 1268
ani, 947
glandulae thyroidae, 1221
labii superioris, 1268
alaeque nasi, 1267
palati, 1353, 1378
palpebrae superioris, 1247
prostatae, 947
scapulae, 400
levatores costarum, 410
longiores, 411
longissimus, 406
capitis, 406
cervicis, 406
longitudinalis linguae inferior, 1346
superior, 1346
longus, capitis, 1397
cervicis, 1398
lumbricales, of foot, 648
of hand, 492
masseter, 1301
of mastication, 1301
mentaiis, 1271
multifidus, 409
mylo-hyoid, 1229
obliquus auriculae, 1297
capitis inferior, 1150
superior, 1150
externus abdominis, 717
inferior, of eye, 1251
internus abdominis, 722
superior, of eye, 1250
obturator externus, 579
internus, 535, 949
occipito-frontalis, 1154
omo-hyoid, 1200
inferior belly of, 402, 437
1748
INDEX
Muscles ( continued )—
opponens digiti minimi, 496
pollicis, 494
orbicularis ciliaris, 1647
oculi, 1264
lacrimal part, 1265
orbital part, 1264
palpebral part, 1265
oris, 1271
palato-glossus, 1351
palato-pharyngeus, 1352
palmaris brevis, 484
longus, 470, 487
papillary, 1057
pectineus, 571
pectoralis major, 418
minor, 420
perinaeum, deep, transverse
muscle of, 681
peroneus brevis, 617
longus, 613
tertius, 607
plantaris, 620
platysma, 1175
popliteus, 621
prevertebral, 1397
procerus, 1267
pronator quadratus, 482
teres, 469, 470
psoas major, 841
minor, 842
pterygoid, lateral, 1302
medial, 1304
pubo-vesical, 922
pyramidalis, 727
pyriformis, 534, 948
quadratus femoris, 535
lumborum, 843
quadriceps femoris, 572, 573
rectus abdominis, 726
capitis anterior, 1397
lateralis, 1397
posterior major, 1149
minor, 1150
femoris, 572
inferior, of eye, 1249
lateralis, of eye, 1249
medialis, of eye, 1249
superior, of eye, 1249
of respiration, 1115
rhomboideus major, 401
minor, 401
risorius, 1269
rotatores, 410
sacro-spinalis, 404
salpingo-pharyngeus, 1378
sartorius, 568
scalenus anterior, 1235
medius, 1236
posterior, 1236
scansorius, 534
semimembranosus, 543
semispinalis capitis, 407
cervicis, 408
thoracis, 408
Muscles ( continued )—
semitendinosus, 543
serratus anterior, 401, 434
posterior inferior, 403
superior, 402
of soft palate, 1351
soleus, 619
sphincter ani externus, 675
internus, 961, 963
pupillae, 1650, 1652
urethrae, female, 702
male, 680
vesicae, 950
spinalis, 406
thoracis, 406
splenius, 404
capitis, 404
cervicis, 404
stapedius, 1680
sternalis, 420
sterno-costalis, 1002
sterno-hyoid, 1201
sterno-mastoid, 1145, 1182
sterno-thyroid, 1201
stylo-glossus, 1232
stylo-hyoid, 1228 , 1272
stylo-pharyngeus, 1323
subanconeus, 459
subclavius, 421
subcostal, 995
subscapularis, 440
supinator, 504
supraspinatus, 437
temporalis, 1302
tensor fasciae latae, 570
palati, 1353 , 1378
tympani, 1680
teres major, 439
minor, 438
thyro-arytenoideus, 1392
thyro-epiglotticus, 1392, 1394
thyro-hyoid, 1201
tibialis anterior, 606
posterior, 622
of tongue, intrinsic, 1346
tragicus, 1296
transversus abdominis, 724
auriculae, 1296
linguae, 1346
superficialis perinaei, 678
thoracis, 996
trapezius, 398
in neck, 1144
triceps brachii, 458 , 501
vastus intermedius, 573
lateralis, 572
medialis, 573
verticalis linguae, 1346
vocalis, 1392
zygomaticus major, 1269
minor, 1268
Musculi pectinati, 1054
Musculo-cutaneous nerve of arm, 432, 458
of leg, 604
Musculus-uvulae, 1352
INDEX
1749
Myelinization in cord, 1440
Myeloplasm, 53
Myenteric plexus, 863, 869
Mylo-hyoid groove, 232
line, 231
muscle, 1229
Myocardium, 1068
structure of, 1072
Myotomes of visceral arches, 1375
Nabothi, ovula, 985
Nasal bones, 221
crest, 222
development of, 277
ossification of, 222
capsule, 86, 1363
conchse, inferior, 223
middle, 209
superior, 209
crest of maxilla, 216
of palatine, 225
folds, 83
fossae, 248, 1356
arteries of, 1361
development of, 83, 85, 1363
lymphatics of, 1363
nerves of, 1360
groove, 208
index, 269
mucous membrane, 1359
notch of frontal, 181
part of maxilla, 212
of pharynx, 1371
pits, 83
process of frontal, 181
septum, osseous, 248
slit, 207, 250, 261
spine of frontal, 181
posterior, 225
Nasion, 240, 244, 268
Naso-lacrimal canal, 248
duct, 1294
Naso-pharyngeal tonsil, 1373
Natal cleft, 529
Navicular bone, 372
ossification, 378
tuberosity of, 373, 388, 641
varieties, 373
Naviculo-cuboid joint, 668
Neck, landmarks of, 1172
N 41 aton's line, 552
Neopallium, 1592
Nephric tubules, 93
Nephrocoele, 93
Nephrostome, 93
Nerves—
of abdominal wall, deep, 728
abducent. See Cranial nerves
accessory. See Cranial nerves
accessory obturator, 580, 847
to anconeus, 461
ansa hypoglossi, 1206
subclavia, 1335
auditory. See Cranial nerves
auricular, great, 1142 , 1278
Nerves ( continued )—
auricular, posterior, 1160, 1272
of vagus, 1161 , 1328, 1672,
1677
auriculo-temporal, 1157, 1277,
1311
bigeminus, 928
brachial plexus, 439, 1193
infraclavicular branches, 431
in neck, 1193
supraclavicular branches,
43 °> 1194
buccal, 1277, 1310
of facial, 1274
carotico-tympanic, 1404
cervical branches of facial, 1275
plexus, 1185
branches, deep, 1188
superficial, 1141, 1187
spinal, posterior rami, 1142,
1152
chorda tympani, 1347, 1402 , 1619
as pretrematic nerve, 69
ciliary, long, 1256
circumflex, 432 , 436
coccygeal, 530, 928, 929
cochlear, 1404, 1693
cutaneous nerves. See also Cutaneous
nerves
of arm, lateral, 448
medial, 432, 448, 457
posterior, 448, 460
of calf, lateral, 551
of forearm, lateral, 448
medial, 432, 448 , 457
posterior, 448
of ilio-hypogastric, anterior, 710
lateral, 531, 728
of neck, anterior, 1143, 1187
palmar, of median, 466, 481
of ulnar, 466, 477
perforating, of sacral plexus, 931
of subcostal, lateral, 531, 728
of thigh, intermediate, 555
lateral, 534, 564, 846
medial, 556
of ulnar, 448, 466, 499
dental, inferior, 1311
of maxillary—
anterior superior, 1319,1361
middle, 1320
posterior, 1320
digastric, 1272
digital, of foot, 652, 654
of hand, 489, 499
dorsal, of penis, 691
dorso-lumbar, 844
of dura mater, 1601
ethmoidal, anterior, 1361
posterior, 1257
of face, 1272
facial. See Cranial nerves
femoral, 575, 846
branches of, 576
frontal, 1254
175 o
INDEX
Nerves ( continued )—
furcalis, 847, 928, 931
genicular, 550, 580, 637
genito-femoral, 554, 846
femoral branch of, 554 , 846
genital branch of, 846
glosso-pharyngeal. See Cranial
nerves
gluteal, inferior, 539, 930
superior, 539, 930
haemorrhoidal, inferior, 675, 691
hypoglossal. See Cranial nerves
ilio-hypogastric, 728, 845
cutaneous branches—anterior, 710
lateral, 531, 728
ilio-inguinal, 554, 845, 729
incisive, of inferior dental, 1313
infra-orbital, 1276, 1319
infratrochlear, 1256, 1276
intercostal, 996, 1099
branches of, 997
lower five, 728
intercosto-brachial, 433 , 447
interosseous, anterior, 481
of nerve to popliteus, 550
posterior, 506
lacrimal, 1254 , 1276
laryngeal, external, 1329, 1395
internal, 1329, 1395
recurrent, 1044, 1045, 1330,1395
superior, 1329, 1395
to latissimus, dorsi, 431
lingual, 1313 , 1347
lumbo-sacral trunk, 847
mandibular, 1168, 1309
distribution, 1616
summary of, 1316
masseteric, 1309
maxillary, 1168, 1319
branches of, 1259, 1319
distribution of, 1616
summary of, 1323
median, in arm, 458
branches of, 459, 481
digital branches of, 489
in forearm, 480
in hand, 489
lateral root of, 432 .
medial root of, 432
palmar cutaneous branch of, 466,
481
summary of, 490
meningeal, 1168
mental, 1277 , 1313
musculo-cutaneous, of arm, 432, 458
of leg, 604
mylo-hyoid, 1312
nasal nerves—
of greater palatine, 1361
of infra-orbital, 1276
of spheno-palatine ganglion, 1360
naso-ciliary, 1255
nutrient, to fibula, 627
to radius, 481
Nerves ( continued )—
nutrient, to tibia, 550
to ulna, 481
obturator, 557, 579, 846
accessory, 580, 847
genicular branch of, 580
to obturator internus, 539, 930
occipital, greater, 1141, 1152
lesser, 1142
third, 1142, 1152
ophthalmic, 1254, 1258
distribution, 1616
optic. See Cranial nerves
palatine, greater, 1322, 1338,
lesser, 1322
palmar cutaneous, of median, 466,
481
of ulnar, 466, 477
patellar plexus, 557
pectoral, 431
pelvic splanchnics, 930, 947
of penis, dorsal, 691
perforating cutaneous, 931
perineal, 691
deep branch of, 691
of fourth sacral, 675, 932
long, 691
to peroneus tertius, 610
petrosal, deep, 1404
external, 1169, 1402, 1403
superficial, greater, 1168, 1401
lesser, 1169, 1402, 1403
pharyngeal plexus, 1329
of spheno-palatine ganglion, 1321
of vagus, 1329
phrenic, in neck, 430, 1189
in thorax, 1015
plantar, lateral, 653
medial, 652
popliteal, lateral, 550 , 931
medial, 550 , 931
to popliteus, 550
post- and pre-trematic, 69
of pterygoid canal, 1321, 1360
pudendal, 690, 704, 931
to pyriformis, 930
to quadratus femoris, 540, 930
radial, 433
in arm, 459
cutaneous branches of, 433, 460,
467
in forearm, 475
muscular branches of, 433, 460,
461
rami communicantes, 1635
in abdomen, 838
cervicales, 1189, 1206
in neck, 1334
in pelvis, 947
in thorax, 1104
ramus descendens hypoglossi, 1189,
1205
to rhomboids, 402, 430 , 1194
sacral, 928, 929
posterior rami, 529, 530
INDEX
i75i
Nerves ( continued )—
saphenous, 557
sciatic, 540, 544, 931
scrotal, posterior, 691
to serratus anterior, 430, 1194
spinal nerves, origins of, 1418
posterior primary rami of,
4 11 , I 4 1 9
roots of, 1419
thoracic, 1099
spinosus, 1168, 1399
splanchnic, 1105
pelvic, 930, 947
to stapedius, 1402
stylo-hyoid, 1272
to subclavius, 431, 1195
subcostal, 728, 849
lateral cutaneous branch of, 531,
728
suboccipital, 1141, 1152
subsartorial plexus, 431
subscapular, 431
subtrapezial plexus, 399
supraclavicular, 412, 1144
supra-orbital, 1153 , 1254, 1276
suprascapular, 431, 438, 1195
supratrochlear, 1154 , 1254, 1276
sural, 550, 615
communicating, 551
sympathetic trunk in abdomen, 838
ganglia of—
cervical, inferior, 1335
middle, 1334
superior, 1333
impar, 946
in neck, 1333 , 1335
cardiac branches, 1334,
1335
constitution of, 1335
in pelvis, 946
plexuses—
aortic, 811
cardiac, 1046
carotid, internal, 1170
coeliac, 807, 809
coronary, 1048
diaphragmatic, 809
gastric, 809
hepatic, 809
hypogastric, 811, 922
mesenteric, inferior, 811
superior, 809
ovarian, 811
pelvic, 922
phrenic, 809
renal, 809
splenic, 809
suprarenal, 809
testicular, 811
in thorax, 1104
temporal, deep, 1309, 1311
tentorii, 1168
thoracic, spinal, 1099
anterior rami, 996
to thyro-hyoid, 1206
Nerves ( continued )—
tibial, anterior, 610, 614
posterior, 627
of tongue, 1347
trochlear. See Cranial nerves
tympanic, 1325
ulnar, 432
in arm, 458
cutaneous branches of, 448, 466,
499
deep division of, 499
digital branches of, 499
dorsal branch of, 467
in forearm, 480
in hand, 499
palmar cutaneous branch of, 466,
477
vagus. See Cranial nerves
vestibular, 1404, 1622, 1693
in visceral arches, 69, 1121
zygomatic, 1319
zygomatico-facial, 1259, 1277
zygomatico - temporal, 1158, 1259,
1276
Nerve-plexuses—
annularis, of cornea, 1645
aortic, 811
brachial, 429, 1193
buccal, 1275, 1277
cardiac, deep and superficial, 1046
carotid, internal, 1170
cervical, 1185
coccygeal, 531, 931
coeliac, 807, 809
coronary, 1048
diaphragmatic, 809
gastric, 809
hepatic, 809
hypogastric, 811, 922
infra-orbital, 1274, 1276
intra-epithelial, of eye, 1645
lumbar, 844
mesenteric, inferior, 811
superior, 809
myenteric, 863, 869
oesophageal, 1043, 1087
ovarian, 811
parotid, 1273
patellar, 557
pelvic, 922
pharyngeal, 1329
phrenic, 809 , t
pudendal, 929
pulmonary, 1043, 1045
renal, 809
sacral, 928
splenic, 809
subepithelial, of eye, 1645
of submucosa of small intestine,
863, 869
subsartorial, 558
subtrapezial, 399
suprarenal, 809
testicular, 811
tympanic, 1325
T 75 2
INDEX
Nerve-roots, 1419
Nervous system, 1410
development, 53
Neural canal, 40
crest, 54
groove, 34, 40
tube, 42, 53
Neurenteric canal, 34, 35, 37
Neuroblasts, 54, 1438
Neuro-central lip, 126
synchondrosis, 142
Neuroglia of spinal cord, 1410
Nictitans, membrana, 1292
Nigra, substantia, 1539, 1560
Node, atrio-ventricular, 1071
sino-atrial, 1070
Nodules of aortic valve, 1063
Normal, definition of, 5
Nose, 1298
cartilages of, 1298
development of, 83, 1363
lymphatics of, 1298, 1363
nerves of, 1360
Notch or notches—
acetabular, 340
carotid, 200
cystic, of liver, 756, 777
ethmoidal, of frontal, 182
fibular, of tibia, 363
frontal, 181
intercondylar, 353
interlobar, of liver, 777
jugular, 176
mandibular, 232
mastoid, 187, 258
nasal, 212
of frontal, 181
of maxilla, 221
parietal, 188
pre-occipital, 1499
sciatic, greater and lesser, 340
spheno-palatine, 228
spino-glenoid, 294
supra-orbital, 181, 247
suprasternal, 162
trochlear, of ulnar, 312
tympanic, 1673
umbilical, of liver, 777
Notochord, 23, 39 , 167
in vertebras, 59
Notochordal groove, 35, 167
Nuchae, ligamentum, 399, 1144
Nuchal flexure, 58
furrow, 1141
groove, 397
Nuck, canal of, 743, 744, 969
Nuclear membrane, 9, 15
reticulum, 9, 15
Nuclein, 9
Nucleolus, 9, 15
Nucleoplasm, 8
Nucleus or nuclei—
abducent, 1473
accessory, 1628
ambiguous, 1626 , 1626, 1627
Nucleus or nuclei ( continued )—
amygdaloid, 1524, 1632
arcuate, 1462
caudatus, 1526
of cell, 9, 15
cochlear, 1620
cuneatus, 1460
dentate, 1485
emboliformis, 1485
of facial nerve, motor, 1472, 1617
sensory, 1619
of fasciculis solitarius, 1619, 1626
globosus, 1485
gracilis, 1459
hypoglossal, 1629
of lateral lemniscus, 1475
lateralis, 1462
lentiformis, 1526
oculo-motor, 1561, 1611
olivary, 1461, 1472
pontis, 1469, 1470
pulposus, 1107, 1108
red, 1539, 1553
subthalamic, 1540
thoracici, 1424, 1425
of trapezium, 1471
of trigeminal nerve —
mesencephalic root of, 1561, 1615
motor of, 1474, 1615
pontine, 1474
sensory of, 1472, 1474, 1615
trochlear, 1561 , 1614
vago-pharyngeal, dorsal, 1624
vestibular, 1622
Nutrient arteries—
of femur, 587
of fibula, 626
of humerus, 455, 456
of radius, 478
of tibia, 626
of ulna, 478
Nutrient foramina—
of clavicle, 290
of fibula, 366
of humerus, 300
of radius, 307, 311
of ribs, 157
of scapula, 295
of tibia, 361
of ulna, 314
nutrient nerves—
to fibula, 627
to radius, 481
to tibia, 550 '
to ulna, 481
Obelion, 238, 243, 268
Obex, 1490
Oblique cord of forearm, 521
ligament of Cooper, 518
Obliquus capitis inferior, 1150
superior, 1150
externus abdominis, 717
inferior, of eye, 1251
internus abdominis, 722
INDEX
1753
Obliquus, superior, of eye, 1250
Oblongata, medulla, 1443, 1451
Obstetrical hinge-joint, 177
Obturator artery, 589, 925 , 927
abnormal, 566
canal, 579, 993
crest, 340
externus muscle, 579
fascia, 920
foramen, 340
groove, 340
internus muscle, 535, 949
nerve to, 539, 93°
membrane, 993
nerve, 557, 579, 846
accessory, 580 , 847
Occipital artery, first part, 1218
second part, 1146
third part, 1146
bone, 172
condyles, 175, 258
crests of, 174, 259, 264
ossification of, 177
point, 243, 268
protuberance, 172, 174, 243, 1141
varieties, 176
groove, 258
lobe of brain, 1148
lymphatic glands, 1148
nerve, greater, 1141 , 1152
lesser, 1142
third, 1142 , 1152
point, 243, 268
protuberance, external, 172, 243, 1141
sinus, 1606
triangle, 1184
veins, 1148
venous plexus, 1147
Occipito-axial ligaments, 1407
Occipito-frontalis, 1154
Ocular appendages, 1289
Oculo-motor nerve, 1165, 1253, 1446
nucleus, 1561, 1611
Odontoblasts, 284, 287
Odontoid process of axis, 131
(Esophagus, cervical part of, 1227
development of, 66, 78, 1088
lymphatics of, 1088
structure of, 1088
thoracic part of, 1087
Olecranon, 312
bursa, 447
fossa, 304
rete, 479
Olfactorium, trigonum, 1511
Olfactory apparatus, development of, 1511
bulb, 1165, 1510 , 1570
structure of, 1570
capsule, 271, 276
foramina; 261
groove of ethmoid, 207
of sphenoid, 197
lobe, 1510
mucous membrane, 1359
nerves, 1165, 1360 ? i6ji
[ Olfactory organ, 271
tract, 1445, 1511 , 1570
Olivary nuclei, 1461, 1472
Olive of medulla, 1453, 1454
Omentale, tuber, of liver, 774
of pancreas, 807
Omentalis, bursa, 79, 81
Omentum, definition of, 779
greater, 756, 784
lesser, 785
Omo-hyoid, 1200
inferior belly of, 402, 437
Ontogeny, 7
Oocyte, 13, 14, 16, 17
Oogenesis, 16
Oogonia, 13, 16
Opening into lesser sac, 790
saphenous, 551, 561 , 707
to tympanic antrum, 188, 1681
Openings in diaphragm, 835
Opercula insulae, 1506
Operculum, frontal, 1498
fronto-parietal, 1498
orbital, 1498
Ophryon, 244, 268
Ophthalmic artery, 1170, 1259
nerve, 1168, 1254, 1258, 1616
veins, 1261
Opisthion, 258, 268
Opisthotic centre, 195
Opponens digiti minimi, 496
pollicis, 494
Optic chiasma, 1545
cup, 1666, 1668
disc of retina, 1653
foramen, 200, 245, 247, 261
groove, 197, 261
nerve, 1545
development of, 1668
in orbit, 1253
origin, deep, 1611
superficial, 1446
radiation, 1547 , 1566, 1568
recess, 1545
stalk, 1665, 1668
tract, 1445, 1545
vesicle, 1664
Oral fissure, 1337
Ora serrata of retina, 1652
structure of, 1658
Orbicularis ciliaris, 1647
oculi, 1264, 1265
oris, 1271
Orbit, 245
contents of, 1247
fascia of, 1252
Orbital area of cerebrum, 1493
fascia, 1252
fissure, inferior, 247
superior, 247
index, 269
plate of ethmoid, 208
of frontal, 182
of maxilla, 213
process of zygomatic, 219
1754
INDEX
Organ, spiral, 1691
Organogeny, 48
Orifice or orifices—
aortic, 1062
of bladder, 951
cardiac, topography of, 1064
of coronary sinus, 1055
mitral, 1061
oesophageal, of stomach, 760, 761
pulmonary, 1059
pyloric, 760
tricuspid, 1055, 1057
urethral—
female, 695
male, 715, 938
of vagina, external, 695
vena cava, inferior, 1054
superior, 1054
Oropharyngeal isthmus, 1350
Orthognathous skulls, 244, 269
Os centrale, 322
dentatum, 133
japonicum, 221
pubis, 331
trigonum, 370
of uterus, external, 974
internal, 976
Ossa suturarum, 265
Ossification of bones, 119
centres, 119
law of, 304
of named bones—of atlas, 142
of axis, 143
of carpal bones, 322
of clavicle, 292
of coccyx, 151
of ethmoid, 211
of femur, 354
of fibula, 367
of hip bone, 341
of humerus, 305
of lacrimal, 223
of maxillae, 218
of metacarpals, 329
of metatarsals, 386
of nasal, 222
concha, inferior, 224
of occipital, 177
of palatine, 228
of phalanges of foot, 386
of hand, 386
of radius, 311
of sacrum, 149
of scapula, 298
of sphenoid, 205
of sternum, 164
of tarsal bones, 378
of temporal, 195
of tibia, 363
of ulna, 315
of vomer, 229
of zygomatic, 221
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts, 120, 121
Osteogenic fibres, 120
Ostium abdominale, 19, 972
Otic capsule, 75, 272
ganglion, 1314
Otoconia, 1688
Ovarian follicles, vesicular, 982
plexus, nervous, 811
venous, 979
pregnancy, 19
Ovary, 969
abnormal positions of, 104, 971
descent of, 970
development of, 100, 980
ligament of, 970, 982
suspensory, of, 970
ovulation in, 18, 19
structure of, 98
Ovocentre, 21
Ovulation, 18, 19
Ovum, 8, 14 , 16
fertilization of, 20
growth in pregnancy, 105
maturation of, 19
segmentation of, 21
transit to uterus, 19
Pacinian bodies of foot, 653
of hand, 490
Palate folds, 84
soft, 1350
development of, 86, 1354
glands of, 1351
muscles of, 1351
nerves of, 1354
relation to structures in, 1354
Palatine arteries—
ascending, 1217
of ascending pharyngeal, 1220
greater, 1308 , 1338, 1362
lesser, 1308
bones, 224
development of, 277
foramina of, 226
ossification of, 228
tubercle of, 226
nerves, 1322, 1338
Palatino-vaginal canal, 199
Palato-glossal arches, 1350
Palato-glossus, 1351
Palato-pharyngeal arches, 1350
Palato-pharyngeus, 1351
Pallidus, globus, 1528
Palmar aponeurosis, 484
arch, deep, 484, 497, 499
superficial, 483, 484, 498
cutaneous branch of median, 466, 481
of ulnar, 466, 477
metacarpal arteries, '498
space, 492
Palmaris brevis, 484
longus, 470, 487
Palpebral arteries, 1260, 1281
Pampiniform plexus, 738
Pancreas, 806
blood^supply, 893
INDEX
1755
Pancreas connections, position and relations of, 806
development of, 80, 894
lymphatics of, 893
structure of, 891
tuber omentale of, 807
Pancreatic duct, 892
accessory, 892
Panniculus carnosus, 1175
Papilla, duodena], 865
lacrimalis, 1289
Papillae of tongue, 1344
Paracentral lobule, 1499
Parachordal cartilages, 271
Paradidymis, 750
Parafloccular fossa, 191
Paraflocculus, 1481
Paraganglia, 1105
Paramesonephric duct, 101, 987
Parametrium, 974
Paranasal sinuses, 250
development of, 1364
Pararectal recess, 919
Parasympathetic system, 1410, 1639
cranial, 1639
sacral, 1640
Parathyroid glands, 1223
development of, 76
Paravesical recess, 919
Paraxial mesoderm, 40, 41
Parietal bones, 178
ossification of, 180
varieties of, 180
eminence, 178, 1633
foramen, 179, 243
notch of temporal, 188
Paroccipital process, 176
Paroophoron, 971
development of, 754, 987
Parotid duct, 1287
gland, 1284
development of, 1289
structure of, 1288
lymphatic glands, 1283
plexus, 1273
Pars iridica retinae, 1650
Patella, 355
ossification of, 357
structure, 356
Patellar plexus, 557
retinacula, 629
Pectineus muscle, 571
Pectoral lymphatic glands, 424, 434
nerves, 431
region, 412
ridge, 300
Pectoralis major, 418
minor, 420
Pedicles of vertebrae, 128
Pelvic fascia in female, visceral, 968
in male, parietal, 919
visceral, 921
Pelvis, 914
axes of, 344
bony, 342
Pelvis, brim of, 342
of child, 345
contents of, 915
diameters, 342
false, 342
female, 965
peritoneum, 966
viscera, position of, 966
inclination, 344
inlet, 342
of kidney, 907
male, 916
peritoneum of, 917
viscera, position of, 916
measurements of, 345
outlet, 344
sexual differences of, 345
true, 342
Penis, 712
angle of, 942
bulb of, 682, 953
composition of, 714
corona glandis, 712, 715
corpora cavernosa, 953
corpus spongiosum, 953
coverings of, 712
crus, 682
fascial sheath of, 713
frenulum of, 713
glans, 715
prepuce, 713
septum of, 953
structure of, 953
suspensory ligament of, 713
Perforaculum, 13
Perforating arteries of foot, 613, 657
of hand, 498
of profunda femoris, 586
cutaneous nerve, 931
Pericardium, 1017
development of, 46, 67, 1019
lymphatics of, 1019
sinus, transverse, of, 1018
structure of, 1019
Perichoroidal lymph space, 1643
Pericranium, 1157
Perilymph of internal ear, 1687
Perilymphatic duct, 193
Perineal body, female, 701
male, 681
fascia, 675
fold, 957
membrane, 683, 701
pouch, 679
triangle, deep, 682
Perineum, female, 692, 701
male, 674
Periodontal membrane, 287
Periosteum, 121
Periotic cartilaginous capsules, 195
Perirenal capsule, 818
Peritoneum, 779
course of transverse, 782
vertical, 780
development of, 81, 795
1756
x INDEX
Peritoneum in foetus, 793
folds of, 744, 792
ligaments, 788
mesenteries, 786
omenta, 784
fossae, 744, 791
parietal, 744
pelvic, in female, 966
in male, 917
primitive, of testis, 741
recesses of, 791, 919
sac, greater, 789
lesser, 81, 785, 790
structure of, 795
Perivascular spaces, 1436
Peroneal artery, 610, 626
retinaculum, 601
tubercle, 372, 388
Peroneus brevis, 617
longus, 615
tertius, 607
Perpendicular plate, ethmoid, 208
of palatine, 214
Pes hippocampi, 1525
Petrosal process, posterior, 198
sinus, inferior, 1607
superior, 1606
Petro-sphenoid ligament, 193
Pfliiger, cords of, 753
Phalanges of foot, 384, 385
ossification of, 386
of hand, 329
ossification of, 329
Pharyngeal artery, ascending, 1219
bursa, 168, 1373
plexus, 1329
pouches, 70, 76, 1373
recess, 1372
tubercle, 258
Pharyngo-basilar fascia, 1371
Pharyngo-epiglottic folds, 73, 1380
Pharyngo-tympanic canal, 257 "
groove, 257
tube, 1378
development of, 73, 74, 1378
Pharynx, 1366
blood-supply of, 1373
development of, 1373
laryngeal part of, 1373
lymphatics of, 1373
muscles of (constrictor), 1368
nasal part of, 1371
oral part of, 1373
Phenozygous skulls, 243
Philtrum, 1336
Phrenic artery, 827
nerve in neck, 430, 1189
in thorax, 1015
Phylogeny, 7
Pia mater, cranial, 1610
spinal, 1414
Pigmentary layer of retina, 1657
Pillars of fornix, 1516, 1517
Pineal body, 1540
development of, 58, 1390
1 Pineal recess, 1534
Pinna, development of, 67, 1697
Pisiform bone, 318, 333
ossification of, 322
joint, 524
Piso-hamate ligament, 473, 524
Piso-metacarpal ligament, 473, 524
Pit for ligament of head of femur, 346
Placenta, 24, 108
formation of, 106
separation of, 107
septa, 109
sinus, marginal, of, 106, no
structure of, 108
Plagiocephalus, 270
Plane, intertubercular, 755
subcostal, 755
Plantar aponeurosis, 642
arch, 655, 657
artery, lateral, 655 , 657
medial, 654 , 657
ligament, long, 667
short, 667
nerve, lateral, 653
medial, 652
triangle, 650
Plantaris, 620
Planum temporale, 178
Plasmodi-trophoblast, 27
Plasmodium in embedding of ovum, 27
Platycnemism, 363
Platymeria, 354
Platyrhine skulls, 269
Platysma, 1175
Pleura, 1005
development of, 78, ion
lymphatics of, ion
reflection of, 1005
lines of, 1007
Pleural sacs, development of, 78
differences between, ion
Plexus, choroid, of fourth ventricle, 1492
of lateral ventricle, 1521
of inferior horn of, 1525
of nerves—
annularis, of cornea, 1645
aortic, 811
brachial, 429, 1193
buccal, 1275, 1277
cardiac, deep and superficial,
1046
carotid, internal, 1170
cervical, 1185
coccygeal, 531, 931
coeliac, 807, 809
coronary, 1048
diaphragmatic, 809
gastric, 809
hepatic, 809
hypogastric, 811, 922
infra-orbital, 1274, 1276
intra-epithelial, of eye, 1645
lumbar, 844
mesenteric, inferior, 811
superior, 809
INDEX
1757
Plexus of nerves ( continued )—
myenteric, 863, 869
oesophageal, 1043, 1087
ovarian, 811
parotid, 1273
patellar, 557
pelvic, 922
pharyngeal, 1329
phrenic, 809
pudendal, 929
pulmonary, 1043, 1045
renal, 809
sacral, 928
splenic, 809
subepithelial, of eye, 1645
of submucosa of small intestine, 863, 869
subsartorial, 558
subtrapezial, 399
suprarenal, 809
testicular, 811
tympanic, 1325
of veins—
dorsal, of foot, 610
of hand, 467
spinous, 1435
occipital, 1147
ovarian, 979
pampiniform, 738
prostatic, 952
pterygoid, 1308
suboccipital, 1152
vesical, 952
Plica fimbriata, 1343
semilunaris of conjunctiva, 1289,
1292
sublingualis, 1336
Plicae villosae, 858
Point, alveolar, 244, 268
auricular, 251, 268
jugal, 251, 268
mental, 244, 268
nasal, 240, 244, 268
occipital, 243, 268
pre-auricular, 1629
Rolandic, inferior, 1633
superior, 1633
subnasal, 244, 268
Sylvian, 1632
Polar bodies, 16, 17
Pollicis, abductor brevis, 493
longus, 505
adductor, 494, 496
dorsalis artery, 511
extensor brevis, 505
longus, 505
flexor brevis, 494
longus, 482, 496
opponens, 494
princeps artery, 487, 497
Pons of brain, 1444, 1468
hepatis, 775, 777
Pontine flexure, 57
Pontis, cisterna, 1609
Poto-bulbar body, 1584
Popliteal artery, 541, 546
genicular branches, 548
fascia, 546
fossa, 541, 545
groove, 352
lymphatic glands, 551
nerve, lateral, 550 , 931
Popliteal nerve, medial, 550 , 93 i
vein, 546, 549
Popliteus, 621
nerve to, 550
Porta hepatis, 775
Portal canals, 885
sinus, 816
vein, 816 , 885
Porus opticus, 1653
Position, formal, 3
Post-anal gut, 98
Post-auditory process, 193
Post-axial, definition, 5, 122
Post-glenoid tubercle, 183
Post-trematic nerves, 69
Pouch or pouches—
of epitympanic recess, 1681
perineal, 679
of Rathke, 87 , 206, 1171
recto-uterine, 966
recto-vesical, 918
vesico-uterine, 967
Praecuneus of brain, 1502
Pre-auricular, 1629
Pre-axial, definition, 5, 122
Precervical sinus, 67
Preglenoid tubercle, 186
Pregnancy, extra-uterine, 19
Pre-interparietal bone, 265
Prelaryngeal lymphatic glands, 1199,
1386
Premaxilla, 218, 277
Prepatellar bursa, 554, 640
rete, 548
Prepuce of clitoris, 695
of penis, 713
Pretracheal lymphatic glands, 1199, 1225
Pretrematic nerves, 69
Primitive jugular, 51, 1127
mesoderm, 26
oesophagus, 66
pharynx, 44, 65, 66
floor, 70
segments, 40
streak, 33 , 34
Princeps pollicis artery, 487, 497
Process or processes—
alveolar, of maxilla, 214
angular, medial, 181
articular, 139
auditory, external, of temporal, 194
clinoid, anterior and middle, 200, 261
posterior, 198, 261
condyloid, of mandible, 233
coracoid, 296
coronoid, of mandible, 232
of ulna, 312
costal, of cervical vertebrae, 128
1758
INDEX
Process or processes ( continued )—
ethmoidal, of inferior nasal concha,
223
frontal, of maxilla, 214
of zygomatic, 220
infra-orbital, of zygomatic, 220
jugular, of occipital, 176 , 258
of lacrimal, descending, 222
of inferior nasal concha, 223
mamillary, 139
maxillary—
of inferior nasal concha, 223
of palatine, 226
of zygomatic, 220
nasal, of frontal, 181
odontoid, 131
orbital, of zygomatic, 219
palatine, of maxilla, 215
paroccipital, 176
petrosal, posterior, 198
post-auditory, 195
pterygoid, of sphenoid, 203
sphenoidal, of palatine, 227
spinous, of cervical vertebrae, 127
styloid, of fibula, 364
of radius, 309
of temporal, 194, 257
of ulna, 315
supracondylar, 302
temporal, of zygomatic, 220
transverse, of cervical vertebrae, 128
uncinate, of ethmoid, 210
of pancreas, 806
vaginal, of sphenoid, 198
of temporal, 192, 194
xiphoid, 163
zygomatic, of frontal, 181
of maxilla, 214
of temporal, 185
Processus cochleariformis, 193, 1675
reticularis of spinal cord, 1421
tubarius, 204
Proctodaeum, 698
Profunda brachial artery, 455
femoris artery, 584 , 588
Prognathous skulls, 244, 269
Projection of facial canal, 1674
fibres of cerebrum, 1565
Proligerus, discus, 18, 982
Promontory of middle ear, 1674
of sacrum, 144
Pronator quadratus, 482
teres, 469, 470
Prone, definition, 5
Pronephros, 92, 94 , 912
Pronucleus, female, 8, 16
male, 8
Pro-otic centre, 196
Prostate gland, 937
blood-supply of, 960
development of, 960
lymphatics of, 960
structure of, 959
Prostatic fissure, 937
sinus, 939
Prostatic utricle, 939
Prostomial mesoderm, 36
Protocardiac area, 34
Protoplasm, 8
. Protuberance, mental, 229
occipital, external, 172
internal, 174
Pseudo-ganglion. See Gangliform enlargement
Psoas major, 841
minor, 842
sheath, 839
Pterion, 180, 239, 253, 268, 1631
Pterotic centre, 196
Pterygoid canal, 204, 255, 263
artery of, 1308, 1362
nerve of, 1321, 1360
fissure, 203
fossa, 203, 257
hamulus, 204
muscle, lateral, 1302
medial, 1304
plates of sphenoid, 203, 204
development, 277
plexus of veins, 1308
processes, 203
tubercle of sphenoid, 204
Pterygo-mandibular ligament, 1181
Pterygo-maxillary fissure, 253
Pterygo-palatine canal, 227
fissure, 253
fossa, 254
Pterygo-spinous foramen, 203
ligament, 1181
Pubic angle, 339, 552
artery, 731
crest, 339, 552
guide to, 707
relation of structures at, 728
lymphatic glands, 558
symphysis, 992
tubercle, 339
guides to, 551, 706
Pubis, os, 339
Pubo-femoral ligament, 599
Pudendal arteries—
external, deep, 584
superficial, 548, 710
internal, 539, 686, 703, 925
accessory, 689
band, 929
canal, 688
nerve, 690, 704, 931
Pulmonary alveoli, 1028
groove of thorax, 166
orifice of heart, 1059
position of, 1064
outgrowth from foregut, 70, 77
valve of heart, 1059, 1064
Pulvinar of thalamus, 1537
Punctum lacrimale, 1289
Pupil, 1648
Pupillaris, membrana, 1652
Purkinje, cells of, i486
fibres of, 1070
/
INDEX
1759
Pyloric antrum, 760
glands, 859
sphincter, 857, 861
valve, 861
Pylorus, 861
position of, 761
Pyramid of cerebellum, 1480
of medulla, 1452 , 1470
of middle ear, 190, 1765
Pyramidal fibres in mid-brain, 1559
layer of cortex, 1562
lobe of thyroid, 1221
tract, 1565
Pyramids, decussation of, T451, T433
Pyriform fossa, 76, 1373, 1386
Pyriformis, 534, 948
Quadrate lobe of liver, 774
lobule of brain, 1502
Quadratus femoris, 535
nerve to, 540, 930
lumborum, 843
Quadriceps femoris, 572, 573
Quadrigemina, corpora, 1547
Quadrilateral space, 441
Radial artery, 473
first part, 474
recurrent branch of, 475
second part, 509
third part, 497
varieties of, 475, 498
nerve, 433
in arm, 459
cutaneous branches of, 433, 460,
467
in forearm, 475
muscular branches of, 433,
460, 461
vein, 450
Radiata, corona, 1515, I 53 1
of ovum, 14, 19
Radiatio corporis callosi, 1513
Radiation, auditory, 1568
callosal, 1568
optic, 1566, 1568
thalamic, 1567
Radius, 306
grooves of, 309
head of, 306
lines, 307
ossification of, 311
styloid process, 309
tubercle, dorsal, of, 309
tuberosity of, 307
Rami communicantes, 1635
in abdomen, 838
cervicales, 1189, 1206
in neck, 1334
in pelvis, 947
of pubis, 339
in thorax, 1104
Ramus descendens hypoglossi, 1205
of ischium, 338
of mandible, 231
Raphe, palpebral lateral, 1265
scrotal, 716
Rathke, pouch of, 87 , 206, 1171
Rays, medullary, of kidney, 901
Receptive cone, 21
Recess or recesses—
cochlear, 1683
elliptical, 1683
epitympanic, 1681
infundibular, of third ventricle, 1533
lateral, of fourth ventricle, 1489
optic, of third ventricle, 1533
peritoneal, duodenal, 791
duodeno-jejunal, 792
inguinal, 745
pararectal, 919
paravesical, 919
pericaecal, 792
sphero-ethmoidal, 1337
suprapineal, 1334
tubo-tympanic, 73
of the utricle, 1687
Rectal arteries, inferior, 963
middle, 925, 963
superior, 802, 963
pits, 961
Recti muscles of eyeball, 1249
Recto-uterine folds, 967
pouch, 966
Recto-vesical pouch, 918
Rectum, ampulla of, 944
blood-supply of, 963
development of, 965
female, 978
flexures of, 944
horizontal folds of, 961
lymphatics of, 964
male, 943
peritoneal relations of, 944
structure of, 960
Rectus abdominis, 726
sheath of, 727
capitis anterior, 1397
lateralis, 1397
posterior major, 1149
minor, 1150
femoris, 572
Recurrent artery, anterior tibial, 609
ulnar, 477
interosseous, posterior, 508
radial, 475
laryngeal nerve, 1044, 1045, 1330 ,
1395
Red nucleus, 1539, 1553
Reduction division, 14, 16, 17
Refracting media of eyeball, 1661
Reichert’s cartilage (of second arch), 74,
75, 273, 278
scar, 104
Reid, base line of, 1633
Renal artery, 827
sympathetic plexus, 809
vein, 828
Respiratory apparatus, development of,
1029
INDEX
1760
Rete, carpal, anterior, 478, 479 , 498
cords, 100, 752
olecranon, 479
prepatellar, 548
testis, 751
Retina, 1652
central artery of, 1260, 1658
ciliary part of, 1647
development of, 1667
fovea centralis, 1653, 1658
macula lutea, 1653, 1658
nerve cells of, 1660
optic disc, 1653
ora serrata, 1652, 1658
rods and cones layer, 1656
structure of, 1653
sustentacular fibres of, 1657
Retinaculum or retinacula—
of ankle, 601
extensor, of ankle, 603
of hand, 508
flexor, of ankle, 602
of hand, 493
of hip-joint, 393
patella, 629
peroneal, 601
Retro-pharyngeal space, 1179
Retro-pubic cellular tissue, 919
Retzius, cave of, 339
Rhinencephalon, 1512
Rhinion, 240, 244, 268
Rhombencephalon, 1451
Rhomboideus major, 401
minor, 401
Rhomboids, nerve to, 402, 430
Rib, first, 157
second, 158
Ribs, 154
development of, 59, 170
ossification of, 160
varieties, 159
Rider’s bone, 354
Ridge, pectoral, 300
pelvic, transverse, 101
supinator, of ulna, 314
teres, 300
Rima glottidis, 1388
Ring, femoral, 551, 566
guide to, 707
inguinal, deep, 735
guide to, 708
superficial, 551, 720
guide to, 707
Risorius, 1269
Rods of retina, 1656
Rolandic angle, 1633
points, 1633
Roof-plate, 53
Roots of spinal nerves, 1419
development of, 54
Rostrum of corpus callosum, 1514
Rotatores, 410
Rotunda, fossa, 1674
Rotundum, foramen, 201 , 255, 263
Rugarum, columnae, of vagina, 986
Sac, lacrimal, 1293
development of, 1294
peritoneal, greater, 786, 789
lesser, 785, 790
opening into, 790
Saccule of internal ear, 1688
of larynx, 1387
Sacculus endolymphaticus, 1688
Sacral groove, 153
nerves, posterior rami, 528, 530
plexus, 928
spina bifida, 154
Sacro-spinous ligament, 991
Sacro-tuberous ligament, 542, 990
Sacro-vertebral angle, 15T
Sacrum, 144
alae, 148
apex, 148
canal of, 148
ossification, 149
promontory of, 144
sexual characteristics, 149
varieties, 148
Sagittal line, 1630
suture, 237, 1630
Saphenous branch of descending genicular
artery, 587, 589
nerve, 557
opening, 551, 552, 561
guide to, 707
vein, long, 559, 600
short, 600, 615
Sartorius, 568
Sauropsida, 23, 33
Scala tympani, 1689
vestibuli, 1689
Scalene tubercle, 157
Scalenus anterior, 1235
medius, 1236
posterior, 1236
Scalp, anterior part of, 1153
fascia of, 1153
superficial veins and nerves of, 1153'
as a whole, 1162
Scansorius, 534
Scaphocephalus, 270
Scaphoid bone, 316
ossification of, 322
tubercle of, 316, 332
fossa of auricle, 1295
of sphenoid, 204
Scapula, 292
acromion, 296
coracoid process, 296
glenoid cavity, 294
ossification, 298
spine, 295
varieties, 298
Scapular anastomosis, 441
circumflex artery, 427
ligaments, 445
Schindylesis, 242 , 394
Sciatic band, 929
nerve, 540, 544, 931
notch, greater, 340
INDEX
1761
Sciatic notch, lesser, 340
Sclera, 1642
Scrotum, 715
arteries of, 717
development of, 700, 717
lymphatics of, 717
nerves of, 717
septum, 716
skin of, 716
structures forming wall, 716
Segmentation, 40
cavity, 24
in archenteron, 38
cells, 21, 22
nucleus, 21
in ovum, 21
Sella turcica of sphenoid, 197, 261
Sellae, diaphragma, 1163, 1603
Semicircular canals, 1684
ducts, 1688
Semicircularis stria, 1532
Semilunar cartilages of knee, 632
tract of cord, 1430
Semilunaris, hiatus, 1357
Semimembranosus, 543
Seminal vesicles, 936
blood-supply of, 959
development of, 959
lymphatics of, 959
structure of, 958
Seminiferous tubules 752
Semispinalis capitis, 407
cervicis, 408
thoracis, 408
Septum of clitoris, 694
ilio-pectineal, 856
linguae, 1346
lucidum, 1518
of nose, 248
formation of, 85
of penis, 953
primum, 1075
* secundum, 1076
transversum, 46, 78, 79
of ear, 1688
Serial homology, 6, 41, 122
Serosa, 32
Serrata, ora, of retina, 1652, 1658
Serratus anterior, 401, 434
posterior, inferior, 403
superior, 402
Sesamoid bones, foot, 386
gastrocnemius, 618
great toe, 648
hand, 329
patella, 574
in peroneus longus, 617
thumb, 494
in tibialis posterior, 623
Sheath, axillary, 429
carotid, 1207
femoral, 565 , 568
of Hertwig, 287
of rectus, 727
Shoulder-girdle generalized, 298
Shoulder-joint, 4&1
ligaments of, 461
Sigmoid groove of temporal, 188
sinus, 1606
guide to, 1632
Sino-atrial node, 1070
Sinus, annularis, 1124
basilar, 1607
cavernous, 1169, 1606
cervicalis, 1377
circular, 1606
of epididymis, 748
ethmoidal, 210
frontal, 184
of larynx, 1387
marginal, 1606
of placenta, 106, no
maxillary, 217
of Morgagni, 1370
occipital, 1606
guide to, 1631
petrosal, inferior, 1607
superior, 1606
petro-squamosal, of foetus, 241
petro-squamous, 1607
portal, 816
precervical, 67
prostatic, 939
sagittal, inferior, 1604
superior, 1603
guide to, 1631
sigmoid, 1606
guide to, 1632
spheno-parietal, 1606
straight, 1605
tarsi, 370, 390
tonsillaris, 1355
transverse, 1605
guide to, 1631
of pericardium, 1018
tympani, 1674
uro-genital, 99
venosus, 46, 52, 90, 1124
sclerae, 1645
Sinuses of dura mater, 1163, 1603
paranasal, 250
Sinusoids, 1125
Skeleton, 113
general principles, 122
Skull at birth, 265
deformities of, 269
development of, 270
of female, 267
racial peculiarities of, 268
sexual characters, 267
as a whole, 237
Smegma, prseputii, 713
Snuff-box, anatomical, 484
Sockets of mandible, 231
of maxilla, 214
Sole of foot, 641
Soleal line, 361
Soleus, 619
Solitarius, fasciculus, 1625, 1626
nucleus of, 1619, 1625
in
1762
INDEX
Solitary lymphatic nodules, 868
Somatopleure, 40
Somites, mesodermal, 40
Space or spaces—
interglobular, 285
intervillous, 105, 108
of irido-corneal angle, 1645
middle palmar, 492
perivitelline, 14
quadrilateral, 441
retropharyngeal, 1179
suprasternal, 1179
thenar, 492
triangular, 441
zonular, 1664
Spermatic cord, 736
coverings of, 739
fascia, external, 739
internal, 739
Spermatids, 12, 14, 16, 752
Spermatocytes, 13 , 1 7 > 752
Spermatogenesis, 13, 14
Spermatozoa, 8 , 12 , 14. 752
Sphenodon, 302
Spheno-ethmoidal plate, 90
recess, 1357
Spheno-mandibular ligament, 234, 1181,
1316
Spheno-palatine artery, 1308, 1361
foramen, 255
ganglion, 1320
nerves, 1322, 1338, 1361
notch, 228
Sphenoid bone, 197
lingula, 200
openings in, 204
ossification of, 205
spine of, 201, 257
ethmoidal, of, 197
varieties 205
wing, greater, 201
lesser, 200
Sphenoidal air-cells, 199
chonchae, 204
crest, 199
process of palatine, 227
Sphincter ani externus, 675
internus, 961, 963
pupillae, 1650, 1652
pyloric, 857, 861
vesicae, 950
Spinal arteries, anterior, 1434, 1447, 1575
posterior, 1434, 1447, 1575
cord, 1410
cauda equina, 1417
caudal end of, 1440
central canal of, 1422
columns of, 1418
commissures of, 1418
conus medullaris, 1416
development of, 53, 1436
enlargements of, 1416
fibres, association of, 1425
filum terminale of, 1417
grey matter of, 1420
Spinal arteries, growth of, 1442
horns of, 1421, 1422
ligamenta denticulata of, 1415
meninges of, 1410
nerve fibres of, course of, 1426
processus reticularis, 1421
sections of, 1423
structure of, internal, 1420
minute, 1424
sulci of, 1418
surfaces of, 1420
tracts of, 1429
white matter of, 1423, 1426
ganglia, 1419, 1428
groove, 397
nerves, 1418
origin of, 1418
relation of vertebrae to, 1420
posterior primary rami of, 411,
1419
roots of, 1419
Spinalis, 406
thoracis, 406
Spindle, 10
Spine or spines —
definition, 115
ethmoidal, of sphenoid, 197
iliac, anterior, 334, 335, 551, 707
posterior, 335
of ischium, 338
nasal, anterior, of maxilla, 221
of frontal, 181
posterior, 225
of scapula, 295
of sphenoid, 201, 257
suprameatal, 187
Spino-glenoid ligament, 445
notch, 294
Spino-thalamic tract, 1432
Spino-umbilical lines, 707
Spiral ganglion, 1694
groove of humerus, 300
organ, 1691
Spireme, 10
Splanchnic ganglion, 1105
nerves, pelvic, 930, 947
thoracic, 1105
Splanchnopleure, 41
Spleen, 768
accessory, 771
component parts, connections and
position of, 768
development of, 81, 897
ligaments of, 771, 789
lymphatic nodules of, 896
lymphatics of, 897
nerves of, 897
peritoneal relations of, 771
structure of, 895
Splendens, linea, 1415
“ Splenic dulness, area of, 771
sympathetic plexus, 809
Splenium of corpus callosum, 1514
Splenius, 404
capitis, 404
/
/
INDEX
i 7 6 3
Splenius cervicis, 404
Spongioblasts, 54
Spongioplasm, 8
Squamo-mastoid suture, 241
Squamosal suture, 239, 1631
Squamo-tympanic fissure, 1673
Stapedius, 1680
Stapes, 1679
development of, 75, 1679
Stellate ganglion, 1104
Stephanion, 251, 268
Sternal angle, 162, 1013
plate, 170
Sternalis, 420
Sternebrae, 161
Sterno-clavicular joint, 443
Sterno-costalis, 1002
Sterno-hyoid, 1201
Sterno-mastoid, 1145, 1182
Sterno-pericardial ligaments, 1018
Sterno-thyroid, 1201
Sternum, 160
angle of, 162
body,162
development of, 164, 170
foramen of, 164, 171
manubrium, 161
ossification of, 164
sexual characteristics, 164
varieties, 163
xiphoid process, 163
Stomach, 758
blood-supply of, 860
component parts, connections and
position of, 758
curvatures of, 759
development of, 79, 862
divisions of, 760
gastro-phrenic ligament, 789
gastro-splenic ligament, 789
glands of, 858
lymphatics of, 860
nerves of, 860
orifices of, 760
peritoneal relations of, 761
structure of, 856
topography of, 761
trigone or uncovered area of, 761
Stomodaeum, 46, 81, 1339
Straight sinus, 1605 ,
Stratum cinereum, 1550
granulosum, 1570
laciniosum, 1569
lemnisci, 1550
opticum, 1550, 1564
radiatum, 1569
zonale, 155°
Stria longitudinalis and medialis, 1510,
1513, 1514
Striae, auditory, 1471, 1489, 1620
habenulae, 1534, 1541
Striatum, corpus, 1526
Strio-frontal fibres, 1529
Stylo-glossus, 1232
Stylo-hyal, 75, 197
Stylo-hyoid ligament, 1232
muscle, 1228
Stylo-mandibular ligament, 1181, 1317
Stylo-mastoid foramen, 192
Stylo-pharyngeus, 1323
Styloid, definition of, 115
pr^pess of fibula, 364
of radius, 309
of temporal, 194, 257
of ulna, 315
Subacromial bursa, 436, 464
Subanconeus, 459
Subarachnoid space of brain, 1608
of spinal cord, 1413
Subarcuate fossa, 191, 264
Subcallosal gyrus, 1514
Subclavian artery, 1237
development of, 1240
left, first part of, 1240
in thorax, 1040
right, first part of, 1237
second part of, 1240
third part of, 1191
guide to, 1192
groove, 290
triangle, 1190
vein, 1192, 1244
Subclavius, 421
nerve to, 431, 1195
Subcostal angle, 165
line, 755
nerve, 728, 849
lateral cutaneous branch of, 531,
728
plane, 755
Subdural space of brain, 1599, 1608
of spinal cord, 1412
Sublingua, 1343
Sublingual artery, 1216
ducts, 1235
fossa, 230
gland, 1234
development of, 1235
Submandibular duct, 1233
fossa, 230
ganglion, 1315
gland, 1233
development of, 1234
lymphatic glands, 1198
triangle, 1196
Submental lymphatic glands, 1199, 1203
triangle, 1202
Subnasal fossa, 244
point, 244, 268
Suboccipital nerve, 1141, 1153
region, 1149
triangle, 1150
venous plexus, 1152
Subpubic angle, 344
arch, 344
Subsartorial canal, 580
plexus, 558
Subscapular artery, 427
nerves, 431
Subscapularis, 440
INDEX
1764
Substance, perforated, anterior, 1445, 1511
posterior, 1445, 1561
Substantia ferruginea, 1491
gelatinosa, 1421, 1426, 1459
nigra, 1539, 1560
reticularis of medulla, 1458
Subthalamic nuclei, 1540
region, 1539
tegmental region, 1558
Subtrapezial plexus, 399
Suctorial pad of fat, 1270, 1337
Sulcus, callosal, 1507
central, 1495
centralis insulae, 1506
cingulate, 1496
circular, 1497
ethmoidal, of nose, 221
fimbrio-dentate, 1509
frontal, 1498
hypothalamic, 1533
interaminar, 54
intermedius, 759
intraparietal, 1500
lateralis, of mid-brain, 1551
occipital, lateral, 1503
transverse, 1503
occipito-temporal, 1505
oculo-motor, 1551
olfactorius, 214
olfactory, 1498
orbital, 1498
postcentral, 1500
postero-lateral, of spinal cord, 1418
precentral, 1500
sagittal, 181
temporal, 1505
terminalis, of right atrium, 1052
of tongue, 1342
tympanic, 1673
Superciliary arch, 181
Supination, 5
Supinator ridge of ulna, 314
Supracallosal gyrus, 1514
Supraclavicular branches of brachial
plexus, 430, 1194 *
nerves, 412, 1144
Supracondylar process of humerus, 302
Suprahyoid muscles, 1227
region, 1202
Supramastoid crest, 185
Suprameatal spine, 187
triangle, 187, 1682
Supra-occipital bone, 275
Supra-orbital artery, 1154, 1260
foramen, 244
margin, 181
nerve, 1153, 1254, 1276
notch, 181, 247
vein, 1154
Suprapatellar tendon, 574
Suprapineal recess, 1534
Suprapleural membrane, 1007, 1246
Suprarenal glands, 823
blood-supply of, 898
development of, 899
Suprarenal glands, lymphatics of, 898
nerves of, 899
structure of, 897
plexus, 809
Suprascapular artery, 402, 438, 1193, 1243
nerve, 431, 438, 1195
notch, 294
vein, 1193
Supraspinatus, 437
Suprasternal bones, 165
branch of suprascapular atrery, 438,
1243
notch, 162
space, 1179
Supratrochlear arteries,—
of brachial, 456
ophthalmic, 1154, 1261
nerve, 1154, 1254, 1276
vein, 1154
Sural cutaneous arteries, 548
nerve, 550, 616
communicating, 551
Suspensoria, ligamenta, of mammary
gland, 414
Suspensory ligament of lens, 1664
of penis, 713
Sustentacular cells of testis, 14, 752
fibres of retina, 1657
Sustentaculum hepatis, 789
lienis, 767
tali, 371, 388
Sutural bones, 180, 237, 265
Sutures, 237, 394
closure of, 240
coronal, 238
frontal, 238
fronto-maxillary, 240
fronto-nasal, 240
fronto-parietal, 239
fronto-squamosal, 240
harmonic, 394
intermaxillary, 240
internasal, 240
interpalatine, 241
lambdoid, 237
limbous, 238
maxillo-maxillary, 255
metopic or frontal, 238
naso-maxillary, 240
occipito-mastoid, 237
palato-maxillary, 241
parieto-mastoid, 238
petro-basilar, 242
petro-sphenoid, 241
petro-squamosal, 241
premaxillary, 216, 218
sagittal, 237, 1630
schindylesis, 242, 394
serrated, 394
spheno-parietal, 239
spheno-squamosal, 240
squamo-mastoid, 240
squamosal, 239, 1631
zygomatico-maxillary, 240
zygomatico-temporal, 240
INDEX
1765
Sylvian line, 1632
point, 1632
Sympathetic ganglia, 1635
cervical, inferior, 1335
middle, 1334
superior, 1333
plexuses. See Nerves or Plexus
system, 1410, 1635
trunk in abdomen, 838
in neck, 1335
in pelvis, 946
in thorax, 1104
Symphysis of mandible, 229
pubis, 992
Synapsis in reduction division, 18
Synchondroses, 242
petro-occipital, 242
spheno-occipital, 242
spheno-petrosal, 242
Syndesmosis, 392
Synovia, 393
Synovial bursae, 395
joints, 393
membrane, 393, 395
of ankle-joints, 663
of elbow-joint, 519
of hip-joint, 595
of knee-joint, 553, 634
of radio-ulnar joint, 520
inferior, 521
superior, 520
of shoulder-joint, 463
of tibio-fibular joint, 659
superior, 659
of wrist-joint, 523
sheaths at ankle, 602, 603 ^ .
of biceps tendon, 465
of extensor tendons of hand, 509
of flexor digitorum longus, 622
hallucis longus, 624
tendons in hand, 491
of toes, 646
of hand, 490
palmar, great, 332
of peroneal tendons, 617
of tibialis posterior, 623
at wrist, 490
Taeniae coli, 768
Tali-sustentaculum, 371, 388
Talo-calcaneal joint, 664
Talo-calcaneo-navicular joint, 665
Talus, 367
ossification of, 378
os trigonum of, 370
varieties of, 370
Tapetum of choroid, 1647
of corpus callosum, 1515
Tarsal arteries, 612
tunnel, 370, 390
Tarso-metatarsal joints, 669
Tarsus, 367
of conjunctiva, 1290
varieties of, 378
as a whole, 378
Taste-buds, 1347
Tectoria, membrana, of occipital joint,
1407
of spiral organ, 1693
Teeth, 278
auditory, 1691
canine, 280
development of, 285
eruption of, 282, 288
incisor, 279
molar, 280
premolar, 280
present at birth, 288
sockets of, 214, 231
structure of, 283
temporary or milk, 282
Tegmen tympani, 187, 189, 263, 1674
Tegmentum of brain, 1552
Tela choroidea of fourth ventricle, 1492*
1610
of third ventricle, 1553, 1610
Telencephalon, 1493
Telolecithal eggs, 25
Telophase, 11
Temporal arteries, deep, 1307
artery, superficial, 1158
bone, 184
mastoid portion of, 187
process of, 187
ossification of, 195
petrous portion of, 188
squamous portion of, 185
structure of, 195
styloid process, 194, 257
varieties, 195
zygomatic process, 185
fascia, 1161
fossa, 251
gyn of cerebrum, 1505
line, 178
lobe of cerebrum, 1504
nerves, deep, 1309, 1311
pole of cerebrum, 1444
process of zygomatic, 220
region, 1153
sula of cerebrum, 1505
vein, superficial, 1159
veins, deep, 1308
Temporalis, 1302
Tendinous intersections of rectus abdominis, 726
Tendo calcaneus, 599, 619
Tendon, conjoint, 725
suprapatellar, 574
Tensor fasciae latae, 570
palati, 1353, 1378
tympani, 1680
Tentorium cerebelli, 1163, 1602, 1633
development of, 90
Teres major, 439
minor, 438
ridge, 300
Terminale, filum, of cord, 1417
Terms, embryological, 4
position, 2
1766
INDEX
Testicular artery, 738, 829
plexus, 811
vein, 829, 830
Testis, 749
abnormal positions of, 104, 743
descent of, 103, no, 739
development of, 100, 752
lymphatics of, 750
structure of, 750
Thalamencephalon, 58
Thalamic radiation, 1539, 1567
Thalamo-frontal fibres, 1529
Thalamo-striate fibres, 1529
Thalamus, 1535
connections of, 1539
development of, 58, 1539
pulvinar of, 1537
structure of, 1538
Theca folliculi, 982
of spinal cord, 1410
Thenar space, 492
Theories of nerve growth, 55
Thoracic artery, alar, 427
lateral, 427
superior, 426
cavity, 1002
contents of, 1002
diameters of, 1114, 1115
duct, abdominal part of, 838
cervical part of, 1246
cisterna chyli, 838, 1100
thoracic part of, 1100
vertebras, 134
wall, 994
Thorax, 165
apertures of, 165
boundaries of, 165
in different animals, 78
sexual characteristics, 167
as a whole, 165
Thymus, 1019
in adult, 1019
development of, 76, 1020
structure of, 1020
Thyro-arytenoideus, 1392
Thyro-epiglottic ligament, 1380
Thyro-epiglotticus, 1392, 1394
Ihyro-glossal duct, 1222
Thyro-hyals, 236
Thyro-hyoid arch, 278
ligaments, 1384
membrane, 1384
muscle, 1201
Thyroid artery, inferior, 1242
superior, 1213, 1242
cartilage, 1380
development of, 1381
gland, 1204, 1220
accessory, 1221
blood-supply of, 1221
development of, 70, 76, 1222
pyramidal lobe of, 1221
structure, 1222
veins, 1222, 1215, 1245
Ihyroidea ima artery, 1038, 1204, 1221
Tibia, 357
condyles of, 357
crest of, 359
head of, 357
retroverted, 363
intercondylar eminence, 358
medial malleolus, 361
guide to, 599
notch, fibular, 363
ossification of, 363
pressure (squatting) facet, 363
shaft, 359
structure, 363
torsion of shaft, 363
tubercle of, 357, 553
guide to, 598
varieties of, 363
Tibial artery, anterior, 607
guide to, 599
posterior, 624
guide to, 599
nerve, anterior, 610, 614
posterior, 627
recurrent arteries, 609
Tibialis anterior, 602
posterior, 622
Tibio-fibular joints, 659, 660
Tomes, fibres of, 284
Tongue, 1342
arteries of, 1347
development of, 72, 1348
lymphatics of, 1347
mucous membrane of, 1343
muscles of, intrinsic, 1346
nerves of, 1347
veins of, 1347
Tonsil, naso-pharyngeal, 1373
Tonsils, 1354
development of, 76
structure of, 1355
Tooth, structure of, 283
Topography, cranio-cerebral, 1629
Torticollis, 1183
Torus occipitalis transversus, 177
palatinus, 216, 1338
Trabeculae carneae, 1056
Trachea, cervical part of, 1223, 1224
development of, 77, 1226
lymphatics of, 1225
thoracic part of, 1085
Tracheotomy, 1205
Tract, arcuate, 1464
cortico-thalamic, 1566
fronto-pontine, 1529, 1566
fronto-striate, 1529
fronto-thalamic, 1529
ilio-tibial, 560
mamillo-thalamic, 1517, 1543
olfactory, 1445, 1511, 157°
olivo-cerebellar, 1484
optic, 1445, 1545
pallido-rubro-olivary, 1556
pyramidal, 1565
strio-thalamic, 1529
temporo-pontine, 1566
INDEX
1767
Tract, trigemino-thalamic, 1615
vago-glosso-pharyngeal, ascending
thalamic, 1627
Tracts of spinal cord. See also Fasciculi
cerebro-spinal, anterior, 1431
lateral, 1430
intersegmental, 1431
olivo-spinal, 1432
ponto-spinal, 1464
rubro-spinal, 1432, 1553
semilunar, 1430
spino-cerebellar, dorsal, 1432
ventral, 1432
spino-thalamic, 1432
spino-tectal, 1433
tecto-spinal, 1432, 1464. 1353. 1555
vestibulo-spinal, 1431
Tractus spiralis foraminosus, 1686
Tragicus, 1296
Transversalis fascia, 733
Transverse carpal joints, 525
ligament of atlas, 1405
of foot, deep, 671
of hip-joint, 595
of knee-joint, 633
of palm, deep, 526
of perinaeum, 682
of shoulder-joint, 453, 463
of tibio-fibular joint, inferior, 660
pelvic ridge, 101
processes, development of, 59
sinus of dura mater, 1605
of pericardium, 1018
development of, 90
Transversus abdominis, 724
nuchae, 1145
perinaei, superficialis, 678
Trapezium, 318
crest of, 319
groove of, 319, 333
ossification of, 322
of pons, 1470, 1620
Trapezius, 398
cervical portion of, 1144
Trapezoid bone, 319
ossification of, 322
line, 290, 297
Trapezoides, corpus, of cerebellum, 1484
Triangle or triangles—
anterior, of neck, 1196
of auscultation, 400
Bryants’, 552
carotid, of neck, 1196
digastric, of neck, 1198
femoral, 552, 563
inguinal, 708, 736
of Lesser, 1228
lumbar, 400, 708, 772
muscular, of neck, 1196
occipital, of neck, 1184
perineal, deep, 682
plantar, 650
posterior, of neck, 1183
subclavian, of neck, 1190
submandibular, 1196
Triangle or triangles ( continued )—submental, 1202
suboccipital, 1150
suprameatal, 187
vagal, 1490
Triangular spaces (shoulder), 441
Triceps brachii, 458, 501
Tricuspid orifice, 1057
position of, 1064
valve, 1057
Trigeminal ganglion, 1167
impression, 189, 263
nerve. See Cranial nerves
Trigone, external, of bladder, 934
internal, of bladder, 951
Trigonocephaly, 270
Trigonum, habenulae, 1541
olfactorium, 1511
Trilaminar blastoderm, 34
Triquetral bone, 317
ossification of, 322
Trochanter, definition, 115
greater, 346, 529
guide to, 552
lesser, 348
third, 354
Trochanteric anastomosis, 585
fossa, 348
Trochlea, definition, 115
of humerus, 304
Trochlear fossa, 183, 245, 1251
notch of ulna, 312
Trophoblast, 26, 27, 28
Tubal pregnancy, 19
Tube, pharyngo-tympanic, 1378
development of, 73, 1378
muscles connected with, 1378
uterine, 971
development of, 987
Tuber cinereum, 1445, 1544
development of, 58, 1589
omentale, of liver, 774
of pancreas, 807
valvulae, 1480
Tubercle, adductor, 350, 354, 553
amygdaloid, 1524
anterior, of thalamus, 1537
articular, of temporal, 185
auricular, 1295
carotid, 134, 1172
condylar, 235
conoid, 289
cuneate, 1455
dorsal, of radius, 309
of epiglottis, 1380
of fifth metacarpal, 327
genial, 230
hyoid, 235
infraglenoid, 294
mental, 229
of palatine, 226
peroneal, 372, 388
pharyngeal, 174
post-glenoid, 185
pre-glenoid, 186
1768
INDEX
Tubercle, pterygoid, 204
pubic, 339, 551, 706
quadrate, 350
of rib, 156
scalene, 157
of scaphoid, 316, 332
of talus, 368
of tibia, 357, 553, 598
vestibular, 1491
Tuberculum impar, 70
sellae, 197
Tuberosity of calcaneum, 370
deltoid, 300
gluteal, 350
greater, of humerus, 299
of ischium, 338, 529
lesser, of humerus, 300
of maxilla, 213
of navicular, 373, 388
of radius, 307
of ulna, 312
Tubo-tympanic recess, 73
Tubules, seminiferous, 752
uriniferous, 901
Tunica albuginea, 750
vaginalis, 748
vasculosa, 750
Tympani, sinus, 1674
Tympanic annulus, 1672
antium, 188, 1681
canaliculus, 191, 258
cavity, 1673
membrane, 1675
arterial supply, 1677
nerves of, 1677
secondary, 1677
structure of, 1676
part of temporal, 194, 195
ring, 195
sulcus, 1673
Tympano-hyal, 75, 197, 276
Tympano-mastoid fissure, 192
Tympanum, 1673
arteries of, 1683
development of, 73, 74, 75, 1696
mucous membrane of, 1681
muscles of, 1680
nerves of, 1325, 1400
ossicles of, 1678
ligaments of, 1679
movements of, 1680
Typical, definition of, 6
Ulna, 312
beak, 312
coronoid process, 312
oblique line, 314
olecranon, 312
ossification, 315
radial notch, 313
shaft, 313
structure of, 315
styloid process, 315
supinator ridge, 314
trochlear notch, 313
Ulnar artery, 475
first part, 476
recurrent branches of, 477
second part, 480
third part, 487
varieties, 479, 498
collateral artery, 456
nerve, 433
nerve, 432
in arm, 458
cutaneous branches of, 448, 466,
499
deep division of, 499
digital branches of, 499
dorsal branch of, 467
in forearm, 480
in hand, 499
palmar cutaneous branch of, 466,
477 .
vein, anterior, 451
posterior, 451
U-loop, 62, 64, 875
Ultimo-branchial body, 76
Umbilical cord, 65, 105, 108, 110
hernia, 748
notch of liver, 756
sac with gut, 62
vessels, 51, 923, 1083
zone of abdomen, 755
subdivisions of, 755
Umbilicus, 63, 65, 705
Umbo, 1676
Uncinate process of ethmoid, 210
of pancreas, 806
Uncus of brain, 1507
Urachus, 65, 933
Ureter in abdomen, 822, 907
blood-supply of, 909
development of, 95, 910
lymphatics of, 909
nerves of, 909
structure of, 908
varieties, 823
Urethra, female; 978
development of, 988
external orifice of, 978
lymphatics of, 988
male, 938
bulb of, 941
development of, 956
external orifice of, 938
lymphatics of, 942
membranous part of, 940
prostatic part of, 939
spongy part of, 941
structure of, 940, 941, 942
Urethral crest, 939
glands, 942
Uriniferous tubules, 901
structure of, 901
summary of, 903
Uro-genital division of perinseum—
female, 692
male, 677
sinus, 99, 700
INDEX
1769
Uterine tube, 971
development of, 987
fimbriae, 972
lymphatics of, 983
ostia, 972
structure of, 982
Uterus, 972
anteflexion of, 975
anteversion of, 975
at birth, 977
body of, 973
cavity of, 976
broad ligament of, 968
cervix of, 973
arbor vitae of, 977
canal of, 976
development of, 101, 987
fundus of, 973
glands of, 985
gravid, 104
iigamentum teres of, 968
lymphatics of, 986
parametrium, 974
position of, 974
relations, general, of, 974
peritoneal, 974
structure of, 983
varieties of, 977
Utricle of internal ear, 1687
prostatic, 939
Uvula of cerebellum, 1480
of soft palate, 1350
vesicae, 951
Uvulae, musculus, 1352
Vagina, 977
arteries of, 986
development of, 101, 987
fornices of, 974
lymphatics of, 986
orifice, external, of, 695
structure of, 986
Vaginal process, 741
abnormal conditions of, 743
metamorphosis of, 742
of sphenoid bone, 198
of temporal bone, 192, 194, 257
vestige of, 969
Vagus nerve. See Cranial nerves
Valentin, ganglion of, 1320
Vallecula of cerebellum, 1479
cerebri, 1444, 1495
of tongue, 1343, 13 80
Value of anatomy in medicine, 1
Valve or valves—
anal, 962
aortic, 1062
of coronary sinus, 1055
of Gerlach, 872
of Guerin, 942
ileo-colic, 873
mitral, 1061
pulmonary, 1059, 1064
pyloric, 861
spiral, 890
I Valve, tricuspid, 1057
Valvulae, tuber, 1480
Valvule of Guerin, 942
Variable terms, descriptive, 4
Varieties of joints, 394
Vas aberrans of brachial artery, 456, 475
deferens, 757
ampulla of, 935
blood-supply of, 738
development of, 100, 102, 753
pelvic portion of, 935
structure, of 737
Vasa recta, false, of kidney, 905
Vastus intermedius, 573
lateralis, 572
medialis, 573
Vegetative pole of ovum, 25
Veins—
auricular, posterior, 1161, 1219
axillary, 428, 451
azygos. See Vena azygos
basilar, 1521, 1579
basilic, 450, 451
median, 450
of brain, 1578
bronchial, 1029, 1091
capsular, of liver, 885
cardiac, 1065, 1066
cardinal, 51, 92, 1127
central, of liver, 885
cephalic, 450, 451
median, 450
cerebellar, 1579
cerebral, 1578
anterior, 1521
deep middle, 1521
superficial middle, 1578
cervical, deep, 1149
transverse, 1193, 1245
chorionic, 51
choroid, 1521, 1578
clitoris, dorsal, of, 704
condylar, emissary, 1608
coronary sinus, 1065
of corpus striatum, 1521, 1578
cystic, 815, 891
development of principal veins, 1123
digital, of foot, 644
hand, 467
diploic, 1154, 1601
dorsal plexus of foot, 610
of hand, 467
emissary, 1608
epigastric, inferior, 731
superficial, 712
superior, 731
extraspinal, anterior, 1435
facial, anterior, 1218, 1280
common, 1218
deep, 1308
transverse, 1281
femoral, 563, 589
cutaneous, 559
profunda, 589
frontal, diploic, 1601
INDEX
1770
Veins [continued )—
gastric, left, 813
gastro-epiploic, left, 813
right, 815
gluteal, inferior, 538
superior, 536
hepatic, 885
iliac, circumflex, deep, 732
common, 852
external, 854
internal, 927
infra-orbital, 1282
innominate, 1031, 1032
development, 927
intercostal, 999
anterior, 999
collateral, 999, 1094
posterior, 999, 1094
superior, 1094
intralobular, of liver, 885
intraspinal, 1435
jugular, anterior, 1175
arch, 1175
external, 1x76
internal, 1211
posterior, external, 1148, 1178
primitive, 51, 92
lingual, 1217
lumbar, 848
ascending, 839, 848
mammary, internal, 1001
mastoid, emissary, 1608
maxillary, 1308
median, 448
deep, 450
meningeal, 1601
mental, 1283
mesenteric, inferior, 802
superior, 798
nasal arch, 1154
emissary, 1608
oblique, of left atrium, 1052, 1066
occipital, 1148
diploic, 1601
emissary, 1148, 1608
ophthalmic, 1261
ovarian, 830, 979
plexus, 979


A MANUAL OF ANATOMY
palpebral, lateral, 1281
pampiniform plexus, 738
pancreatico-duodenal, superior, 815
parietal emissary, 1147, 1608
parumbilical, 712, 789
penis, dorsal, of, 714
pharyngeal, descending, 1220
phrenic, 827
popliteal, 549
portal, 816, 885, 886
prepyloric, 815
prostatic plexus, 952
pudendal, internal, 689
pulmonary, 1028, 1043
radial, 450


rectal, inferior, 698, 964
middle, 964


of the semicircular ducts, utricle, saccule, and scala media contain endolymph,
the latter being in communication with the saccule by means of the canal is
reuniens.


The middle ear or tympanum and pharyngo-tympanic tube (see p. 73 et seq.)  
Veins ( continued )—


are developed from the tubo-tympartic recess of the pharynx. This is the widest
rectal, superior, 964
part of the early pharynx, opposite the second and third arches, and by the
renal, 828
time the embryo has reached the second month of development the recess is
sacral, median, 946
definitely indicated; it projects laterally with its contained cavity, compressed
saphenous, long, 559, 600
dorso-ventrally, widely open into the general pharyngeal cavity. Its roof
short, 615
supports the otic capsule, while the outer parts of the first two visceral grooves
are seen in its floor, with the second arch between them. It is bounded in
front by the first arch, and caudally by the third arch. The first lateral pouch,  
on its lateral edge, is in contact with the persistent upper end of the first outer
groove; the second pouch, which has lost contact, is at its postero-lateral angle.
The recess deepens, and the third arch grows forward, cutting off the outer part
of the cavity from the pharynx and narrowing the anterior part, which still
remains continuous with the pharynx; the outer and larger part is the early
tympanum, and the constricted front portion becomes the tube.


The otic capsule enlarges and chondrifies, and as it grows depresses the
of spinal cord, 1436
inner part of the tympanum, slightly rotating it, so that its former roof now
spinous plexus, dorsal, 1435
becomes its inner wall, applied to the surface of the capsule. Its floor, also
splenic, 813
rotated, now slopes downwards and medially, and is in close relation with the
meatal plate, a cellular ingrowth from the upper end of the first outer groove;
this has grown in below the tympanum, and by a later process of hollowing
forms the ectodermal lining of the outer meatus and membrane.


Meckel’s cartilage develops in the mesoderm of the first arch, therefore
subcardinal, 1132, 1133
antero-lateral to the recess, in front of the position of the first pouch. It sends
subclavian, 1192, 1244
an extension over the pouch to invade the second arch area behind this, passing
subcostal, 848, 1098
under the floor between the endoderm and the meatal plate; this extension forms
sublobular, of liver, 885
the basis of the tympanic membrane and the manubrium, and its upper part probably also forms the incus. The hyoid bar (Reichert’s cartilage), the bar of the
suboccipital plexus, 1152
second arch, is behind this, immediately in front of the second pouch; an exten
supracardinal, 1132, 1133
sion from its upper end over the roof gives rise to the stapes. The stapes becomes
supra-orbital, 1154
associated with the cartilaginous capsule, which has enlarged considerably; the
suprarenal, 827
enlargement extends postero-laterally, and leads to the fusion of Reichert’s bar
suprascapular, 1193, 1245
with the capsule (tympano-hyal) and the position of the remnant of the second
supratrochlear, 1154
pouch in the fossula rotunda (fenestra cochleae).
temporal, diploic, anterior, 1601
superficial, 1159
testicular, 738, 829, 830
thyroid, 1222


The chorda tympani crosses the first pouch; the level of the early tympanum
inferior, 1245
might roughly be taken as extending up to this nerve. The higher level of the
superior, 1215
adult cavity is attained by a later extension. In the early condition of the
ulnar, anterior, 451
tympanum, the malleus, incus, stapes, and chorda tympani nerve lie embedded
posterior, 451
in the mesodermic tissue which intervenes between the epithelial or mucous
umbilical, 51, 92, 1083
roof of the membranous tympanum and its osseous roof. This mesodermic
uterine, 980
tissue disappears, and the mucous (originally epithelial) lining of the tympanum
vaginal, 980
now comes into direct contact with the malleus, incus, stapes, and chorda
tympani nerve, all of which it encloses within folds. Though these structures
apparently lie within the tympanic cavity, this is not their actual position. They
are really outside the cavity, inasmuch as they lie external to the mucous lining of
the cavity. This may be illustrated by stating that the handle or manubrium
of the malleus and the chorda tympani nerve do not lie in the tympanic cavity,  
but are placed between the middle, or fibrous, layer and the internal, or mucous,  
layer of the membrana tympani.


External Ear.— AThe external ear consists of (1) the external auditory meatus,  
of liver, 885
including the membrana tympani, and (2) the pinna.
of vas deferens, 738
vertebral, 1244


The external auditory meatus is developed from the upper part of the first
anterior, 1245
external or ectodermic furrow, which corresponds in position to the first
internal visceral cleft.


The membrana tympani is developed from the closing membrane which
4 vitelline, 46, 63, 79, 91, 1124
separates the first internal visceral cleft from the first external ectodermic furrow.
Veli frenulum, 1485, 1548
Velum, medullary, inferior, 1485, 1491
superior, 1485, 1491
Vena azygos, 839, 1096


cava, inferior, 830, 1033


THE EAR
development of, 92, 1133
tributaries of, 831
superior, 1032


development of, 92, 1130
comitans hypoglossi, 1217
hemiazygos, inferior, 839, 1097
superior, 1097
magna cerebri, 1521
Venae advehentes, 1125
comites, brachial, 455


1697
pudendal, internal, 689
radial, 474
tibial, anterior, 608
posterior, 624
ulnar, 477


This closing membrane is a trilaminar structure. Its inner layer consists of
cordis minimae, 1067
entoderm; its middle layer of mesoderm; and its outer layer of ectoderm. The
rectae of kidney, 907
membrana tympani, which is developed from it, is therefore trilaminar. The
revehentes, 1125
outer layer is ectodermic, and is continuous with the cuticular lining of the external
stellatae of kidney, 907
auditory meatus; the middle layer is mesodermic, or fibrous; and the inner layer
vorticosae, 1643
is entodermic, or mucous, and is continuous with the mucous lining of the
Venous plexuses—
tympanic cavity.


The component parts of the pinna are developed from six projections, consisting of mesoderm, covered by ectoderm. These appear on the upper ends
dorsal, of foot, 610
of the first and second visceral arches, where these bound the upper part of
of hand, 467
the first external ectodermic furrow, which gives rise to the external auditory
spinous, 1435
meatus. The helix is developed from two of these tubercles, and each of the
occipital, 1147
other four gives rise to the antihelix, tragus, antitragus, and lobule. The mesodermic tissue of the projections becomes differentiated into connective tissue
and cartilage, and the ectoderm covers these.

Revision as of 23:07, 29 June 2020

GLOSSARY

Terms still in common use, though now ‘discardedare included in this list, with a certain number of proper names coming in the same category.


Abdomen, a word of uncertain derivation, but possibly from abdo, I hide or conceal.

Aberrant, wandering from the normal source.

Acervulus, a little heap.

Acervulus cerebri, brain-sand.

Acetabulum, a vessel for holding vinegar; a juggler’s cup. But used by Pliny to signify hipsocket.

Acinus, any juicy berry with stones — e.g., the grape; the kernel in the berry.

Acrocephalous, having a pointed or conical head.

Acromion, the point or summit of the shoulder.

Acusticus, a, um, pertaining to sound, or to the sense of hearing.

Adamantoblast, enamel germ cell.

Adductor canal, subsartorial canal.

Adenoid, glandular.

Aditus, an approach or access.

Adrenal, near to the kidney.

Advehens, carrying to.

Afferent, carrying to.

Agger, a mound or rampart.

Agminated, disposed in columns.

Ala, a wing.

Ala cinera, vagal triangle.

Albicans, white.

Albuginea, whitish.

Alcock’s canal, pudendal canal.

Allantois, sausage-like.

Alveolus, a little trough.

Alveus, a trough.

Amacrine, without a long fibre.

Ambiguus, dark, obscure.

Ameloblast, enamel germ.

Ammonis, cornu, horn of Ammon, who was represented as having the head of a ram.


Amphiarthrosis, literally, articulation on both sides. Secondary cartilaginous joint (fibro-cartilage).

Ampulla, a flask.

Amygdala, an almond.

Anastomosis, literally, an outlet; the communication of branches of vessels with one another.

Anconeus, pertaining to the elbow.

Ankylosis, bony union between two bones which are normally separate.

Annulus, a little ring.

Ansa, a handle, loop, or brace.

Ansa cervicis, ansa hypoglossi.

Anserinus, pertaining to a goose.

Antecubital, in front of the elbow.

Antibrachium, forearm.

Anticubital fossa, cubital fossa.

Anticus, in front, anterior.

Antinion, opposite to the inion.

Antrum, a cave or cavity.

Antrum of Highmore, maxillary sinus.

Antrum, mastoid, tympanic antrum.

Anus, a ring.

Aorta, literally, the lower end of the trachea; a carrier.

Apertura piriformis, anterior aspect of nose.

Aponeurosis, an expansion from a tendon.

Aponeurosis, lumbar, lumbar fascia.

Aponeurosis, pharyngeal, pharyngobasilar fascia.

Apophysis (‘ grow from ’), a process or swelling on a bone.

Appendix ventriculi laryngis, saccule.

Aqueductus cerebri, aqueduct of


mid-brain.

Aqueductus Fallopii, facial canal. Arachnoid, like a spider’s web.

1698



GLOSSARY 1699


Arantii, corpus, nodule (in cusps of aortic and pulmonary valves).

Archenteron, primitive intestine.

Arcuatus, curved.

Area acustica, vestibular area.

Areola, a small open place.

Arnold’s ganglion, otic ganglion.

Arnold’s nerve, tympanic nerve.

Artery, literally, an air vessel; the trachea was known as the arteria aspera; a bloodvessel which carries the blood from the heart.

Arthrodia, from the Greek word meaning * a joint ’; applied to a gliding joint.

Arthrosis, plane joint.

Arytenoid, pitcher-like.

Ascending frontal convolution, precentral convolution.

Ascending parietal convolution, postcentral convolution.

Aspera, rough.

Asterion, a star.

Astragalus, the ankle-bone; a die (pi. dice); talus.

Atlas, a support; refers to Atlas, who carried the earth on his neck.

Atresia, imperforation.

Atrium, the hall in a Roman house.

Attic, epitympanic recess.

Attollens, raising up, elevating.

Attrahens, drawing to or towards.

Auditory, pertaining to the organ, or sense, of hearing.

Auerbach’s plexus, myenteric plexus.

Auricle, the external ear.

Auricle (O.T.), atrium (heart).

Auricular appendix (O.T.), auricle.

Azygos, without a pair, single.

Bacillary, pertaining to a small staff or rod.

Balanus, an acorn.

Barba, a beard.

Bartholin’s duct (great duct of Rivini),

principal sublingual duct.

Basilar, belonging to the base.

Basilic, royal, important.

Basion, base.


Bechterew, nucleus of, superior vestibular nucleus.

Bell, nerve of, nerve to serratus anterior.

Bellini, ducts of, terminal collecting tubules of kidney.

Biceps, having two heads.

Bicornis, two-horned.

Bicuspid (teeth), pre-molar.

Bigelow, Y-shaped ligament of, iliofemoral ligament.

Biventer, having two bellies.

Bowman’s capsule, capsule of glomerulus.

Bowman’s membrane, anterior elastic lamina of cornea.

Brachium, the arm.

Brachium conjunctivum, superior cerebellar peduncle.

Brachium pontis, middle cerebellar peduncle.

Brachycephalic, short-headed.

Bregma, from a Greek verb meaning ‘ to moisten/

Broca, area of, parolfactory area.

Broca, band of, diagonal band.

Bronchiole, a little bronchus.

Bronchus, literally, a draught; the windpipe.

Bryant’s triangle, (1) horizontal line from anterior superior spine; (2) vertical line from top of great trochanter; (3) line joining anterior superior spine to top of great trochanter.

Bubonocele, a variety of tumour in the groin.

Buccinator, a trumpeter.

Bulla, a knob; a bubble.

Burdach, fasciculus of, fasciculus cuneatus.

Burns, falciform process of (ligament of Hey), superior cornu of saphenous opening.

Burns’ space, suprasternal space.

Bursa, a sac containing fluid.

Bursa omentalis, lesser sac.

Cacumen, tip, peak, or end.

Caecum, blind.




GLOSSARY


1700

Caeruleus, dark blue.

Calamus, a reed-pen.

Calcaneum, the heel.

Calcar, a spur.

Calcination, reduction to a powder (or line) by heat.

Calcis, of the heel.

Calix, a cup or goblet.

Callosal convolution, gyrus cinguli.

Calloso-marginal fissure, sulcus cinguli.

Callosum, hard, thick.

Calvaria ( calva , the bald scalp), the upper part of the skull.

Canalis reuniens, ductus reuniens.

Cancellated, lattice-formed, reticulated.

Canthus, the angle of the eye.

Capillary, pertaining to the hair; a vessel of hair-like minuteness.

Capitellum, a small head.

Capsular, suprarenal.

Caput gallinaginis, urethral crest.

Caput medusae, varicose veins radiating from umbilicus in portal obstruction.

Cardia, the opening of the stomach; the heart.

Cardiac, pertaining to the heart (originally to the stomach).

Cardinal, principal or chief.

Carina, a keel.

Carneae, pertaining to flesh.

Carotid, stupefying; or perhaps from two Greek words meaning ‘ head ’ and ‘ ear.’

Carpus, the wrist.

Cartilages, alar, lower lateral cartilage.

Cartilages, lateral, upper lateral cartilage (of nose).

Cartilages, Santorini, of, corniculate cartilage.

Cartilages, Wrisberg, of, cuneiform cartilage.

Caruncula, a little piece of flesh.

Caruncula sublingualis, sublingual papilla.

Carunculae myrtiformes, carunculae hymenales.


Cauda, a tail.

Caudate, tailed.

Caudate lobe (O.T.), tail of caudate lobe.

Cavernous, full of hollows or cavities.

Centimetre (cm.), § of an English inch.

Cephalic, pertaining to the head. Cerato, horny.

Ceruminous, pertaining to wax. Chiasma, two lines placed like an X. Choana, a funnel.

Choanse, posterior apertures of nose. Choledochus, bile-receiving. Chondral, pertaining to cartilage.

Choroid (Chorioid), like skin. Cinereus, ash-coloured.

Cingulum, a small girdle. Circumflexus, bent around. Circumvallate papillae, vallate papillae.

Cisterna, a cistern or reservoir. Clarke, posterior vesicular column of,

thoracic (dorsal) nucleus. Claustrum, a bulwark, barrier, or inclosure.

Clava, a club; gracile tubercle. Clavicle, from clavis, a key, or possibly a hoop-stick.

Cleido-, pertaining to the clavicle. Clinoid, like the knob of a bedpost. Clitoris, from a Greek verb meaning ‘ I shut up ’ or ‘ enclose.’

Clivus, a slope.

Cloaca, a sewer or drain.

Coccyx, a cuckoo.

Cochlea, a snail.

Cochlea, membranous, duct of cochlea.

Cochleariformis, spoon-like.

Coeliac, pertaining to the belly. Colliculus, a little hill.

Colliculus, quadrigeminal body. Colliculus seminalis, urethral crest. Colon, the great gut.

Columns, rectal (Morgagni), anal columns.

Comes, a companion.

Comma tract, semilunar tract.




GLOSSARY


Complexus, literally, folded together; encompassing.

Concatenatae, chained together. Concatenate glands, deep cervical (lymph) glands.

Concha, a shell.

Condyle (‘ knuckle ’), a small round prominence covered by cartilage. Coni vasculosi, lobules of epididymis. Conjunctiva, connecting. Conniventes, winking or blinking. Conoid, cone-like.

Conoid tubercle, coracoid tuberosity. Conus arteriosus, infundibulum. Conus elasticus, crico-vocal membrane.

Convoluta, rolled together.

Coracoid, like a crow or raven.

Cord, vocal, false, vestibular folds. Cord, vocal, true, vocal fold. Cordiform, heart-shaped.

Cords (gangliated, lumbo-sacral, etc.), trunks.

Cornea, horny.

Corniculum, a little horn.

Cornu ammonis, hippocampus. Coronal, literally, pertaining to a crown; transverse.

Coronary, encircling.

Coronoid, like a crooked beak. Corpora albicantia (brain), corpora mamillaria.

Corpus (of long bone), shaft.

Corpus adiposum buccae, buccal pad. Corpus arantii, nodule (aortic and pulmonary valves).

Corpus cavernosum penis, corpus cavernosum.

Corpus cavernosum urethrae, corpus spongiosum.

Corrugator, a wrinkler.

Cortex, the bark or outer covering. Costal, pertaining to a rib.

Cotyloid, cup-like.

Cowper’s gland, bulbo-urethral gland. Coxa, the hip.

Cranium, the skull.

Crassum, thick, dense, or bulky. Cremaster, a suspender.

Cribriform, sieve-like.


1701

Cribrosa, perforated with sieve-like pores.

Cricoid, like a ring.

Crista tuberculi majoris, lateral lip of bicipital groove.

Crista tuberculi minoris, medial lip of bicipital groove.

Crucial, pertaining to, or shaped like, a cross.

Crural, pertaining to the leg.

Crural canal, femoral canal.

Crural ring, femoral ring.

Crural septum, femoral septum.

Crus, cerebral peduncle.

Crusta, basis pedunculi.

Cryptorchismus, concealment of the testis.

Cryptozygous, hidden arches.

Cubitum, the elbow.

Cucullaris, pertaining to a cowl or hood.

Culmen, the top or summit.

Cuneate, wedge-shaped.

Cuneiform bone (hand), triquetrum.

Cuneus, a wedge.

Cupola, a dome.

Cymba, a boat or skiff.

Cystic, pertaining to the gall-bladder. The condition of a thin-walled swelling containing fluid or semifluid.

Cytoplasm, formative yolk; protoplasm in a cell.

Dacryon, a tear.

Dartos, skinned or flayed.

Deciduous, falling away.

Decussation of lemnisci (fillet), sensory decussation.

Deferens, carrying away.

Deiters, nucleus of, lateral vestibular nucleus.

Dens, odontoid process.

Dens serotinus, wisdom tooth.

Dentate fascia, dentate gyrus.

Descemet’s membrane, posterior elastic lamina of cornea.

Detrusor, from detrudo, I drive away.

Deutoplasm, literally, wet plasm; nutritive yolk.




1702


GLOSSARY


Dia-, through or between.

Diaphragm, a partition.

Diaphysis grow between ’), the shaft of a bone, or the part which grows between the epiphyses.

Diarthrosis, an ‘ apart ’ joint— i.e., a ‘ free ’ joint (the articular surfaces being free to play upon each other); synovial joint.

Diencephalon, the ’tween-brain or inter-brain; thalamencephalon.

Digastric, having two bellies.

Diploe, a doubling.

Discus proligerus, cumulus ovaricus.

Diverticulum, from diverto, ‘ I separate/ or ‘ part/ or ‘ go a different way.’

Dolichocephalic, long-headed.

Dorsal, pertaining to the back aspect.

Dorsum, the back.

Douglas, pouch of, recto-uterine or recto-vaginal pouch.

Douglas, semilunar fold of, arcuate line.

Duct, nasal, naso-lacrimal duct.

Ductus deferens, vas deferens.

Ductus perilymphaticus, aqueduct of cochlea.

Duodenum, twelve (probably fingerbreadths) .

Ebur, -oris, ivory.

Eburnea, pertaining to ivory.

Ectopia, a displacement.

Efferent, carrying out.

Embolif ormis, beak-shaped or wedgeshaped.

Emissary, sent out.

Emulgent, milking, straining out.

Enarthrosis, ball-and-socket joint.

Encephalon, the contents of the head or skull.

Endocardium, ‘ within the heart ’; the lining membrane of the cardiac chambers.

Endognathion, literally, inner jaw.

Endosteum, ‘ within a bone ’; the medullary membrane.

Ensiform, sword-like.


Ensiform process, xiphoid process.

Entomion, a notch.

Ependyma, from Greek words meaning ' clothing upon/

Ephippium, a saddle.

Epi-, upon or over, above.

Epicardium, upon the heart.

Epididymis, upon the testicle.

Epiglottis, cushion of, tubercle of epiglottis.

Epiotic, upon or over the ear.

Epiphysis (‘ grow upon ’); a process of a bone which has a secondary centre of ossification.

Epiploon, from a Greek verb meaning ‘ to float upon/

Epipteric, upon a wing.

Epipteric bone, sutural bone at pterion.

Epistropheus, axis.

Epoophoron, above the egg-bearing organ.

Erythroblast, red (cell) germ.

Ethmoid, like a strainer.

Eustachian cushion, tubal elevation.

Eustachian spine (of medial pterygoid plate), processus tubarius.

Eustachian tube, pharyngo-tympanic tube.

Eustachian valve, valve of inferior

vena cava.

Exognathion, literally, outer jaw.

Exomphalos, out of the navel.

Facet (French, facette, a little face), a small plane surface, usually articular.

Falciform, sickle-like.

Fallopian tube, uterine tube.

Falx, a sickle.

Falx aponeurotica inguinalis, conjoint tendon.

Fascia, a bandage, or a bundle of reeds.

Fascia bulbi, fascial sheath of eyeball.

Fascia, Camper’s, superficial layer of superficial fascia of anterior abdominal wall.

Fascia, Colies’, deep layer of superficial fascia of perineum.



/



GLOSSARY


1703


Fascia, coraco-clavicular, clavi-pec toral fascia.

Fascia infundibular, internal spermatic fascia.

Fascia intercolumnar, external spermatic fascia.

Fascia, Scarpa’s, deep layer of superficial fascia of anterior abdominal wall.

Fascia, Sibson’s, suprapleural membrane.

Fasciculus, a small bundle.

Fasciola cinerea, splenial gyrus.

Fastigium, a roof.

Fauces, the throat.

Fauces, anterior pillar, glosso-palatine arch.

Fauces, posterior pillar, pharyngopalatine arch.

Fel, the gall-bladder.

Femur, the thigh.

Fenestra, an opening, a window.

Fenestra ovalis, fenestra vestibuli.

Fenestra rotunda, fenestra cochleae.

Ferruginea, pertaining to iron-rust.

Fibula, a buckle, clasp, or brace.

Fillet, lemniscus.

Filum, a thread.

Fimbria, a fringe.

Fimbriatum, fringed.

Fissure, a cleft or slit.

Fistula, .a pipe or tube.

Flechsig, tract of, posterior spinocerebellar tract.

Flocculus, a little lock of wool.

Fold, bloodless (Treves), ileo-caecal fold.

Fold, ileo-colic, vascular fold of caecum.

Fold, recto-vesical, sacro-genital fold.

Follicle, a small bag or sac.

Fontana, spaces of, spaces of iridocorneal angle.

Fontanelle, a small spring.

Foramen, an aperture or a hole.

Forceps, a claw of a beetle.

Fornicatus, pertaining to an arch.

Fornix, an arch or a vault.

Fossa, a ditch or trench.

Fossa, antecubital, cubital.


Fossa ovalis, saphenous opening.

Fossa, rhomboid, floor of fourth ventricle.

Fossa, spheno-maxillary, pterygopalatine fossa.

Fourchette, a fork.

Fovea, a small pit.

Foveola, a very small pit.

Frenulum, a small bridle.

Frenum, a bridle.

Frontal, pertaining to the forehead.

Frontal spine (of frontal), nasal spine.

Fundiform, sling-like.

Funicular, pertaining to a cord.

Funiculus, a slender rope, a cord.

Furcalis, pertaining to a two-pronged fork.

Furcula, a small two-pronged fork.

Fusca, dark or dusky.

Galactophorous, milk-carrying.

Galea, a helmet.

Galea aponeurotica, epicranial aponeurosis.

Galen, great vein of, great cerebral vein.

Galen, veins of, internal cerebral veins.

Gallinaginis, of a woodcock.

Gallus, a cock.

Ganglion, a swelling or excrescence.

Ganglion, aortico-renal, lower part of coeliac ganglion.

Ganglion, Gasserian, trigeminal ganglion.

Ganglion, jugular (O.T.), superior ganglion of ninth.

Ganglion, jugular (B.N.A.), superior ganglion of tenth.

Ganglion, lenticular, ciliary ganglion.

Ganglion, Meckel’s, spheno-palatine ganglion.

Ganglion nodosum (B.N.A.), inferior ganglion of tenth.

Ganglion, ophthalmic, ciliary ganglion.

Ganglion, petrous (O.T. and B.N.A.),

inferior ganglion of ninth.

Ganglion, semilunar, trigeminal ganglion.





1704


GLOSSARY


Ganglion, stellate, first thoracic ganglion.

Ganglion, submaxillary, submandibular ganglion.

Gartner’s duct, duct of epoophoron. Gastric, pertaining to the stomach.

Gastrocnemius, the belly of the leg.

Gemellus, paired or double.

Geminus, twin or twofold.

Geniculate, knee-like.

Genio-, pertaining to the chin. Gennari, stria of, visual stria.

Genu, the knee.

Gerota’s capsule, renal fascia. Giacomini, banderella or frenulum, tail of dentate gyrus.

Gimbernat’s ligament, pectineal part of inguinal ligament.

Ginglymus, a hinge.

Ginglymus, hinge-joint.

Giraldes, organ of, paradidymis. Glabella, without hair; smooth. Gladiolus, a small sword.

Gladiolus, body of sternum.

Gland, Bartholin’s, greater vestibular gland.

Gland, Cowper’s, bulbo-urethral gland.

Glenoid, like a shallow socket. Glisson’s capsule, hepato-biliary capsule.

Globosus, round or spherical. Globus, a globe or sphere. Glomerulus, a small ball of thread. Glosso-, pertaining to the tongue. Glottis, the mouthpiece of a flute. Gluteal, pertaining to the buttock.

Gnathic, pertaining to the jaw. Gnathion, the jaw.

Gomphosis, a bolting together. Gonion, an angle.

Gracilis, slender.

Grisea, grey.

Gubernaculum, a rudder.

Gula, the gullet.

Gustatory, pertaining to taste. Guttural, pertaining to the throat. Gyrus, a circle; a crook.


Habenula, a small thong or rein. Hsemorrhoidal, associated with haemorrhoids.

Hallux, the great toe.

Ham, a thing bent or crooked. Hamular, hook-shaped.

Harmonia, a fitting together. Hartmann’s pouch, sacculation at junction of neck and body of gallbladder.

Hassall, corpuscles of (thymus), concentric corpuscles.

Haustrum, a machine for drawing water.

Heister’s valves, spiral valve. Helicine, spiral.

Helicotrema, hole of a spiral.

Helix, a coil or spiral.

Hepar, the liver.

Hepatic, pertaining to the liver. Hernia, a sprout; a rupture. Hesselbach’s triangle, inguinal triangle.

Hiatus, a gap.

Hiatus Fallopii, hiatus for superficial petrosal nerve.

Highmore, antrum of, maxillary sinus.

Hilum, a little thing; a trifle.

Hippocampus, a seahorse. Hippocampus major, hippocampus. Hippocampus minor, calcar avis. Hircina, pertaining to a goat.

His, bundle of, atrio-ventricular bundle.

Homodynamic]

Homogenesis see Chapter I. Homologous )

Houston’s valves, horizontal folds of rectum.

Huguier, canal of, anterior canaliculus for chorda tympani.

Humerus, the upper part of the arm; the shoulder.

Hunter’s canal, subsartorial canal. Hyaline, glassv.

Hyaloid, like glass.

Hydatid, a watery vesicle.

Hydrocele, a watery tumour.

Hymen, the marriage deity.


/




GLOSSARY


1705


Hyoid, like the Greek letter upsilon.

Hypo-, beneath or under.

Hypophysis, ‘ grow beneath.’

Hypothenar, beneath the palm of the hand.

Ileum, implying twists or coils.

Ilium, literally of the soft parts— i.e., of the flank; os ilium, the bone of the flank.

Ima, lowest.

Impar, dissimilar (in number), unequal.

Incisivus, cutting into.

Incisura jugularis, suprasternal notch.

Incisura scapularis, suprascapular notch.

Incisura semilunaris (ulna), trochlear notch.

Infundibuliform, funnel-shaped.

Infundibulum, a funnel.

Inguinal, pertaining to the groin.

Inion, literally, the occiput.

Innominatum, unnamed.

Insula, an island.

Intercalary, inserted.

Internodium, the space between two knots or joints.

Interparietal bone, membranous part of occipital as a separate bone.

Interpositum, placed between.

Interstitial, belonging to interstices or small parts between the main parts of bodies.

Intertubercular sulcus, bicipital groove.

Intumescentia, enlargement (spinal cord).

Iris, the rainbow.

Ischiatic, pertaining to the hip.

Ischium, the hip.

Isthmus, faucium, oro-pharyngeal isthmus.

Isthmus rhombencephali, upper constricted end of fourth ventricle.

Iter, a passage or road.

Jacobson, cartilage of, sub-vomerine cartilage.

Jacobson, organ of, vomero-nasal organ.


Jacobson’s nerve, tympanic nerve.

Jejunum, empty or hungry.

Jugal, yolking.

Jugular, pertaining to the throat.

Jugular notch (B.N.A.), suprasternal notch.

Jugum, a yolk.

Kerckring, ossicle, occasional centre in posterior margin of foramen magnum.

Key and Retzius, foramina of

(Luschka), lateral apertures of fourth ventricle.

Kobelt’s tubes, epoophoron.

Labbe, vein of, inferior anastomotic vein (connects superficial middle cerebral with transverse sinus).

Labrum, a basin.

Lacertus fibrosus, bicipital aponeurosis.

Laciniosum, full of folds, indented, jagged.

Lacrimal, pertaining to tears.

Lacteal, pertaining to milk.

Lactiferous, milk-carrying.

Lacuna, a hollow or cavity.

Lacunee (of sagittal sinus), lacunae laterales.

Lacunar, pertaining to a hollow or gap.

Lacunar ligament, pectineal part of inguinal ligament.

Lamella, a small plate.

Lamina, a plate.

Lamina cinerea, lamina terminalis.

Lamina cribrosa, medial boundary of internal auditory meatus.

Lamina papyracea, orbital plate of ethmoid.

Lamina quadrigemina, tectum.

Lateral, on the side of. Used in reference to the sagittal plane of the body.

Lateral mass (ethmoid), labyrinth.

Lateral sinus, transverse sinus.

Latissimus, broadest.

Latum, broad.

Lemniscus, a ribbon.




1706


GLOSSARY


Leptorhine, having small narrow nostrils.

Levator, a lifter or raiser.

Lien, the spleen.

Lieno-, pertaining to the spleen. Ligament, a band or bandage.

Ligula, a little tongue.

Limbic lobe, gyrus fornicatus. Limbous, pertaining to a border. Limbus, a border.

Limbus fossae ovalis (or limbus ovalis), annulus ovalis.

Limen, a threshold.

Linea, a line.

Lines, oblique (tibia), soleal line. Lines, oblique internal (jaw), mylohyoid line.

Lines (occiput), nuchal lines.

Lines, popliteal, soleal line.

Lingual, pertaining to the tongue. Lingula, a little tongue.

Lister’s tubercle, dorsal tubercle of radius.

Longissimus, longest.

Longitudinal sinus, sagittal sinus. Lower, tubercle of, intervenous tubercle (heart).

Lumbar, pertaining to the loin. Lumbricalis, like an earth-worm. Lunar, pertaining to the moon. Lunula, a little moon; a crescent. Luteum, of a yellow colour.

Luys’ nucleus, subthalamic body. Lymphatic, from lympha, pure or spring water; lymph.

Lyra, a lyre; hippocampal commissure.

McBurney’s point (base of appendix),

junction of lower and middle thirds of spino-umbilical line. Macula, a spot.

Magendie, foramen, median aperture of fourth ventricle.

Magnum, os, capitate bone.

Malar, pertaining to the cheek.

Malar bone, zygomatic bone. Malleolus, a small hammer or mallet.

Malleus, a hammer or mallet.


Mamma, a breast or pap.

Mammilla, a little breast or pap. Properly spelt mamilla.

Mandible, the chewing bone— i.e., lower jaw.

Manubrium, a handle or hilt.

Marshall, oblique vein, oblique vein of left atrium.

Massa intermedia, interthalamic

connexus.

Masseter, the chewing muscle.

Mastoid, breast- or pap-like (nipplelike).

Maxilla, jaw.

Meatus (pi. Meatfis), a passage or canal.

Meckel’s cave, cavum trigeminale.

Meckel’s diverticulum, diverticulum ilei.

Mediastinum, standing in the middle; a partition.

Medulla, marrow.

Megacephalic, having a large head.

Megaseme, having a large index.

Meibomian glands, tarsal glands.

Meissner’s plexus, plexus of the submucosa.

Membrane, costo-coracoid, clavi pectoral fascia.

Meninges, membranes.

Meniscus, a crescent.

Meniscus (knee), semilunar cartilage.

Mental, pertaining to the chin.

Mesaticephalic, having a head with an index of mean value.

Mesencephalon, the mid-brain.

Mesentery, in the middle of, or among, the intestines.

Mesial, nearer to the sagittal plane of the body.

Meso-, in the midst of. In compounds usually implies a structure like a mesentery, a peritoneal attachment fold.

Mesocephalic, pertaining to a head of mean capacity.

Mesogastrium=meso- (q.v.) and stomach.

Mesognathion, middle jaw.





GLOSSARY


Mesometrium=meso- [q-v.) and womb.

Mesonephros, mid-kidney.

Mesorhine, pertaining to an intermediate nasal index; a condition intermediate between broad-nosed and narrow-nosed.

Mesosalpinx =meso- (q.v.) and tube.

Mesoseme, intermediate index.

Meta-, after or beyond.

Meta-nephros, hind-kidney.

Metencephalon, the after-brain.

Metopic, pertaining to the forehead.

Metopism, persistence of the metopic or frontal suture.

Microcephalic, pertaining to a small head.

Microseme, small index.

Middle commissure, interthalamic connexus.

Millimetre (mm.), slightly less than 2V of an English inch.

Minimae, least, smallest.

Mitral, resembling an Asiatic headdress, or mitre.

Modiolus, the nave of a wheel.

Molar, pertaining to a mill, or to grinding.

Monro, foramen, interventricular foramen.

Mons veneris, mons pubis.

Montanum, pertaining to a mountain.

Monticulus, a small mountain.

Morbus, a disease.

Muliebris, pertaining to a woman, feminine.

Miillerian duct, para-mesonephric duct.

Multangulum majus, os, trapezium.

Multifidus, many cleft; divided into many parts.

Musculo-spiral nerve, radial nerve.

Myelencephalon, marrow-brain.

Myeloplaxes, marrow-plates.

Myentericus, pertaining to the muscular tissue of the bowel.

Mylo-, pertaining to a mill.

Myocardium, the muscular tissue of the heart.

Myrtiform, like a myrtle-berry.


1707

Nares, posterior, posterior apertures of nose.

Naris (pi. nares), a nostril.

Nasal, pertaining to the nose.

Natal, pertaining to the buttock. Natis (pi. nates), the buttock. Navicular, pertaining to a boat. Nephros, a kidney.

Neural, pertaining to a nerve. Neuroglia, literally ‘ nerve glue.’ Nictitans, winking.

Norma, a rule or measure (aspect). Notochord, string or cord of the back. Nucha, the nape of the neck.

Nuck, canal, vaginal process. Nucleus, a kernel.

Nuhn, glands, anterior lingual (seromucous) glands.

Nymphae, nymphs or goddesses of the fountains, woods, trees, etc.; labia minora.

Obelion, a horizontal line (perhaps a little spit).

Obex, a bolt; a barrier.

Obturator, one who closes or stops up.

Occipital, pertaining to the back part of the head.

Odontoblast, a tooth-germ.

Odontoid, tooth-like.

Odoriferae, carrying odours. (Esophagus, food-carrier.

Olecranon, head or point of the forearm.

Olfactory, pertaining to smell. Olfactory trigone, olfactory pyramid. Olivary, pertaining to an olive. Omentum, that which is drawn over.

Omentum, gastro - hepatic, lesser omentum.

Omentum, gastro-splenic, gastrosplenic ligament.

Omo-, pertaining to the shoulder. Omphalo-, pertaining to the navel. Operculum, a cover or lid.

Ophryon, the eyebrow.

Ophthalmic, pertaining to the eye. Opisthion, hinder or rear.

Opisthotic, behind the ear.



1708


GLOSSARY


Optic, pertaining to sight.

Optic thalamus, thalamus.

Ora, a border or margin. Orthognathous pertaining to a straight (non-projecting) jaw.

Os incae, interparietal bone.

Os japonicum, bi-partite zygomatic bone.

Os magnum, capitate bone.

Os, oris, a mouth.

Os, ossis, a bone.

Os tincae, external os of uterus. Ossicle of Kerckring, occasional centre in posterior margin of foramen magnum.

Osteoblast, bone-germ.

Osteoclast, bone-destroyer. Osteogenetic, bone-forming.

Ostium, a door, entrance, or exit. Otic, pertaining to the ear.

Otoconia, ear-dust.

Otoliths, ear-stones.

Ovary, egg-forming organ.

Oxyntic, producing acid.

Pacchionian bodies, arachnoid granulations.

Pacinian corpuscles, lamellated corpuscles.

Palatum, the palate.

Pallium, a covering.

Palmar, pertaining to the palm. Palpebra, an eyelid.

Pampiniform, tendril-like.

Pancreas, literally, all or completely flesh.

Para-, near, by the side of. Paradidymis, near the testis. Parametrium, near the womb. Parietal, pertaining to a wall. Paroophoron, near the egg-bearing organ; medial mesonephric tubules.

Parbtid, near the ear.

Parovarium, epoophoron.

Pars intermedia (Wrisberg), sensory root of facial nerve.

Patella, a small dish; a plate.

Pecten, another name for the os pubis; a comb.


Pectinatus, pertaining to a comb.

Pectineal or Pectineus, associated with the pecten bone or os pubis.

Pectiniform, comb-like.

Pectoralis, pertaining to the breast.

Peduncle of corpus callosum, paraterminal gyrus.

Pelvis, a basin.

Penicillus, a painter’s brush or pencil.

Penis, a tail, or pendant process.

Peri-, around, about, or near.

Pericardium, around the heart.

Perineum, from a Greek verb meaning ‘ I dwell, or am situated, around/

Perineum, central point of, perineal

body.

Periosteum, around bone.

Periotic, around the ear.

Peritoneum, from a Greek word meaning ‘ stretched around/

Peroneal or Peroneus, ‘ pertaining to the peronee/ the Greek name for fibula.

Petit’s canal, zonular spaces.

Petit’s triangle, lumbar triangle.

Petrous, rocky.

Phalanx, a rank of soldiers.

Pharynx, the throat.

Phenozygous, having visible arches.

Philtrum, a love potion.

Phrenic, pertaining to the diaphragm.

Pineal, belonging to, or like, a pinenut or pine-cone.

Pinna, a kind of shell-fish; a feather or wing.

Pisiform, like a pea.

Pituitary, pertaining to phlegm or mucus; hypophysis.

Placenta, a flat cake.

Plagiocephalous, pertaining to an oblique or twisted head.

Planta, the sole of the foot.

Plantar, pertaining to the sole of the foot.

Platycnemism, broadness of leg.

Platyrhine, having a broad nose.

Platysma, a broad sheet.

Pleura, a rib.






iyog


GLOSSARY

i


Plexus, a twining or network.

Plexus, Auerbach’s, myenteric plexus. Plexus, gulae, cesophageal plexus. Plexus, Meissner’s, plexus of the submucosa.


Plica, a fold.

Plica hypogastrica, lateral umbilical


fold.

Plica urachi, median umbilical fold. Plicae palmatae (uterus), arbor vitae. Pneumogastric, pertaining to the breathing organs and stomach. Pocularis, pertaining to a cup.


Pollex, the thumb.

Pomum Adami, laryngeal prominence.

Pons, a bridge.

Popliteal or Popliteus, pertaining to the ham.

Porta, a gate.

Portal, pertaining to a gate.

Portio major and minor, sensory and motor roots of trigeminal nerve.

Postaxiah r , , T Preaxial / see Cha P ter L

Posterior vesicular column (Clarke), thoracic (or dorsal) nucleus.

Posticus, posterior.

Poupart’s ligament, inguinal liga

ment.

Primary divisions (of spinal nerves),

anterior and posterior rami. Proctodaeum, the threshold of the


anus.

Prognathous, having a projecting lower jaw.

Proligerus, bearing offspring; germinating.

Pro-nephros, fore-kidney.

Pro-otic, before the ear.

Prosencephalon, the fore-brain.

Prostate, standing before; or, more probably, pertaining to a porch or vestibule.

Psalterium, a psaltery or instrument of the lute kind.

Psalterium (lyra), hippocampal commissure.

Psoas, from a Greek word meaning

  • the muscles of the loins,’ and

secondarily ‘ the loins themselves.’


Pterion, a wing.

Pterotic, pertaining to a wing. Pterygoid, wing-like.

Pubes, the hair which appears on the external genital organs at the age of puberty.

Pubic, pertaining to the os pubis. Pudendal, pertaining to the pudendum.

Pudendum, ‘ of which one ought to be ashamed.’

Pudic, modest or chaste.

Pulmo, a lung.

Pulmonary, belonging to the lungs. Pulvinar, a couch or cushion, Putamen, trimmings or clippings. Pyloric vestibule, pyloric antrum. Pylorus, literally, a gate-keeper. Pyriformis, pear-shaped.

Quadratus, square.

Quadriceps, having four heads. Quadrigeminus, fourfold, four.

Racemose, pertaining to a cluster of grapes; full of clusters; clustering. Radius, a staff or rod; the spoke of a wheel.

Ramus, a branch.

Ranine, pertaining to a frog.

Raphe, a seam.

Receptaculum, a receptacle. Receptaculum chyli, cisterna chyli. Rectus, straight.

Recurrent, running back.

Refractory, breaking up.

Reil, island of, insula.

Ren, a kidney.

Restiform, like a rope or cord. Restiform body, inferior cerebellar peduncle.

Rete, a net.

Retina, from rete, a net.

Retrahens, drawing back.

Retzius, cave, retro-pubic space. Revehens, carrying back.

Rhinencephalon, the ‘ nose ’ or olfactory brain.

Rhinion, a nose.

Rhombencephalon, the rhomb-brain (hind-brain).






1710


GLOSSARY


Rhomboid ligament, costoclavicular ligament.

Riedel’s lobe, an elongation of lower margin of right lobe of liver (due to pressure).

Rima, a cleft or chink.

Risorius, laughing.

Rivini, ducts, sublingual ducts.

Rolando, fissure, central sulcus.

Rostrum, a beak.

Rotula, a little wheel.

Rugae, wrinkles.

Saccus reuniens, sinus venosus (heart).

Sacrum, sacred; derivation and original meaning very doubtful.

Sagittal, pertaining to an arrow; antero-posterior.

Salpinx, a trumpet or tube.

Salvatella, saving, or making well.

Santorini, cartilages, corniculate cartilages.

Santorini, duct, accessory pancreatic duct.

Santorini, fissures, clefts in cartilage of exterior auditory meatus.

Saphenous, apparent, manifest.

Sartorius, pertaining to a tailor.

Scala, a ladder, flight of steps, or staircase.

Scala media, duct of cochlea.

Scalenus, of unequal sides.

Scansorius, of, or for, climbing.

Scaphocephalous, having a head like a boat.

Scaphoid, like a boat.

Scapula, a spade; probably from a Greek verb meaning ‘ I dig/

Scarpa’s triangle, femoral triangle.

Schlemm, canal, sinus venosus sclerae.

Schindylesis, a splitting or cleavage.

Sciatic (identical with Ischiatic), pertaining to the hip.

Sclera, hard.

Sclerotic, hard; sclera.

Scrobiculus, a little ditch or trench.

Scrotum, a skin bag or pouch; a hide (probably originally ‘ scortum J ).


Sebaceous, pertaining to grease. Sella, a seat; a saddle.

Semilunar bone, lunate.

Semilunar fold of Douglas, arcuate line.

Seminalis, pertaining to semen. Septum, a fence or barrier.

Serotinus, that comes or happens late.

Serratus, jagged like a saw.

Sesamoid, like sesame (a kind of grain).

Shrapnell’s membrane, flaccid part of membrana tympani.

Sibson’s fascia, suprapleural membrane.

Sigmoid, like the Greek letter S

(sigma).

Sigmoid cavity, greater, trochlear notch.

Sigmoid cavity, lesser, radial notch. Sigmoid cavity (of radius), ulnar

notch.

Sigmoid notch (mandible), mandibular notch.

Sinus, a cavity or hollow.

Sinus, Valsalva, of, sinuses of aorta. Smegma, a cleanser.

Solar, relating to the sun.

Solar plexus, coeliac plexus.

Soleus, a sole or sandal; a sole-fish. Sperma, seed or semen.

Spermatic, pertaining to semen. Spermatoblast, a seminal bud. Spermatozoa (plural), seminal animals.

Sphenoid, wedge-like. Spheno-maxillary fossa, pterygopalatine fossa.

Sphenotic, pertaining to the sphenoid bone and ear-capsule.

Sphincter, binding or closing tight. Spigelian lobe, caudate lobe. Splanchnic, pertaining to viscera. Splenium, a bandage or compress. Splenius, pertaining to a bandage. Squamous, scaly.

Stapes, a stirrup.

Stellatum, starry.

Stensen’s duct, parotid duct.


/




GLOSSARY


Stephanion, a crown or wreath.

Sternebra, a segment of the sternum.

Sternum, the breast or chest.

Stomata, mouths or pores.

Stomatodaeum or Stomodaeum, the threshold of the mouth.

Stria medullaris, stria habenularis.

Striae acusticae, auditory striae.

Striae medullares, auditory striae.

Styloid, pen-like.

Subflava, somewhat yellow.

Subiculum, an under layer or support.

Submaxillary, submandibular.

Substantia gelatinosa (Roland), gelatinous matter.

Sudoriferous, sweat-carrying.

Sulcus, a furrow.

Supercilium, an eyebrow.

Supracallosal gyrus, indusium griseum.

Sural, pertaining to the calf of the leg.

Sustentaculum, a prop or support.

Sustentaculum lienis, phrenico-colic ligament.

Suture, a sewing together, a seam.

Sylvius, aqueduct, aqueduct of midbrain.

Symphysis, growth together.

Syn-, with; together with (union or harmony may be implied).

Synarthrosis, literally, a * together with ' (direct) joint; fibrous joint.

Synchondrosis, bound together with cartilage; cartilaginous joint.

Syndesmosis, bound together with bands or bonds.

Synovia, resemblance to the white of an egg.

Taenia, a band or ribbon.

Talus, a die (pi. dice); the ankle-bone.

Tapetum, a carpet or coverlet.

Tarsus, a broad flat surface; the instep.

Tectorius, pertaining to a cover.

Tegmen, a covering.

Tegmentum, a covering.

Tela, a web.

Telencephalon, the end-brain.


1711

Temporal, pertaining to the temples of the head.

Tendo Achillis, tendo calcaneus.

Tendon, from tendo, ‘ I stretch.’

Tenon’s capsule, fascial sheath of eyeball.

Tentorium, a tent.

Tenuis, slender, small.

Teres, rounded.

Testis, a witness.

Thalamencephalon, the bedchamberbrain, or inter-brain.

Thalamus, a bedchamber; a marriage-bed.

Thebesian valve, valve of coronary sinus.

Thebesian veins, venae cordis minimae.

Theca, a cover, case, or sheath.

Thenar, the flat of the hand.

Thorax, the breast or chest; a breastplate.

Thymus, thyme.

Thyroid, like a shield.

Tibia, a pipe or flute; the shin-bone.

Tinea, a small fish, perhaps the tench.

Tonsil, palatine, tonsil.

Tonsil, pharyngeal, naso-pharyngeal tonsil.

Torcular, a wine-press (twisting is implied).

Torcular Herophili, confluens sinuum.

Torus, a protuberance.

Torus tubarius, tubal elevation.

Trabecula, a little beam.

Trachea (‘ rough ’), the wind-pipe.

Trachelo-, belonging to the neck.

Tragus, a goat.

Trapezium, a table; a four-sided, figure, no two sides of which are parallel to one another.

Trefoil, having three leaves.

Treitz, muscle, suspensory muscle of duodenum.

Treves, bloodless fold of, ileo-csecal fold.

Triangular fascia, reflected part of inguinal ligament.

Triangular fibro-cartilage, articular disc.


1712


GLOSSARY


Triangular ligament, inferior or superficial layer; perineal membrane.

Triceps, having three heads.

Trigeminus, threefold, triple.

Trigdnocephalus, a triangular head.

Trigonum, a triangle; triangular.

Triquetrum, three-cornered; triangular.

Triticea, wheaten, or like a grain of wheat.

Trochanter, from a Greek verb meaning ‘ I roll, turn, or revolve.'

Trochlea, the wheel of a pulley.

Trochlear, pulley-shaped.

Trochlearthrosis, a pulley-joint.

Trochoides, wheel-like.

Trolard, vein of, superior anastomotic vein.

Tuba, a trumpet.

Tubarius, pertaining to a trumpet.

Tube, auditory, pharyngo-tympanic tube.

Tube, Eustachian, pharyngo-tympanic tube.

Tubercle, a small swelling.

Tubercle, articular, articular eminence.

Tubercle, greater multangular, of,

crest of trapezium.

Tubercle, Lister’s, dorsal tubercle of radius.

Tubercle, Lower, of, intervenous tubercle (heart).

Tubercle, radial, dorsal tubercle of radius.

Tuberosity, an exaggerated tubercle.

Turbinals or turbinate bones, conchse.

Turbinate, whirled or coiled; like a top.

Turbo, a whirl or coil; a top.

Turcica, Turkish.

Tympanum, a drum.

Ulna, the elbow, but more usually the forearm.

Umbilicus, the navel.

Umbo, a boss or knob.

Unciform, hook-like.

Unciform bone, hamate.

Uncinate, furnished with a hook.


Ungual, relating to a nail.

Unguis, a nail.

Unicornis, one-horned.

Urachus, urine-holder.

Ureter, from a Greek verb meaning ‘ I pass urine.'

Urethra, the canal by which urine is passed.

Uriniferous, urine-carrying.

Uterus, the womb or matrix.

Uterus masculinus, prostatic utricle. Utricle, a little womb or matrix. Uvea, from uva, a bunch of grapes; a cluster.

Uvula, a small bunch of grapes.

Vagina, a scabbard or sheath.

Vagus, strolling about, wandering, vagrant.

Valgus, bow-legged.

Vallecula, a little valley.

Vallecula Sylvii, vallecula cerebri. Vallum, a rampart.

Valsalva, sinuses, sinuses of aorta. Valve, bicuspid, left atrio-ventricular valve.

Valve, Eustachian, valve of inferior

vena cava.

Valve, ileo-caecal, ileo-colic valve. Valve, mitral, left atrio-ventricular

valve.

Valve, Thebesian, valve of coronary sinus.

Valve, tricuspid, right atrio-ventricular valve (cusps are anterior inferior medial).

Valve, Vieussens, superior medullary velum.

Varus, bent or turned inwards.

Vas (pi. vasa), a vessel.

Velum, a curtain or veil.

Velum interpositum, tela choroidea. Velum palatinum, soft palate. Veneris, ' of Venus.’

Ventral, pertaining to the belly. Ventricle of larynx, sinus of larynx. Vermiform, like a worm.

Vertebra, primarily means a joint, but more particularly a joint of the spine.





GLOSSARY


Vertex, the top or crown of the head.

Veru, a dart, javelin, or spear.

Verumontanum, urethral crest.

Vesalii, foramen, emissary sphenoidal foramen.

Vesica, the urinary bladder.

Vesical, pertaining to the urinary bladder.

Vespertilio, a bat.

Vestibular nucleus, principal or dorsal; medial nucleus.

Vestigial, pertaining to a trace.

Vestigium, a trace or vestige.

Vibrissa, a stiff hair of the nostril.

Vicq d’Azyr, bundle of, mamillothalamic tract.

Vidian canal, pterygoid canal.

Vidian nerve, nerve of pterygoid canal.

Vieussens, ansa of, ansa subclavia.

Vieussens, valve, superior medullary velum.

Villus, shaggy hair; a tuft of hair.

Vinculum, a band or bond.

Vitelline, pertaining to the yolk of an egg.

Vitellus, the yolk of an egg.

Vitreous, like glass, glassy.

Vola, the palm of the hand.

Volar, pertaining to the palm; palmar, or anterior.

Vomer, a ploughshare.


I 7 I 3

Vorticosse, full of whirlpools, eddying, coiled.

Vulva, a wrapper or covering.

Wharton’s duct, submandibular duct.

Willis, circle of, circulus arteriosus.

Winslow, foramen, opening of lesser sac.

Winslow, ligament, oblique posterior ligament of knee.

Wirsung, duct, pancreatic duct.

Wolffian duct, mesonephric duct.

Wood’s muscle, abductor metatarsi quinti.

Wormian bones, sutural bones.

Wrisberg, cartilage, cuneiform cartilage.

Wrisberg, ligament, accessory attachment of lateral semilunar cartilage.

Wrisberg, nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm.

Xiphoid, like a sword.

Y-shaped ligament of Bigelow, iliofemoral ligament.

Zinn, inferior tendon or ligament

(eye), lower part of common tendinous ring.

Zinn, zonule, ciliary zonule.

Zygoma, a yoke.


108



INDEX


Arteries, nerves, ligaments, joints, muscles, and veins are classified under corresponding headings. Where a number is given in heavy type, the principal reference is indicated.


Abapical pole of ovum, 25 Abdomen, 674, 754

division into regions, 755 Abdominal cavity, 756 pregnancy, 19 wall, 704

landmarks of, 704 Abducent nerve, 1166, 1447, 1616 in orbit, 1254

Abductor digiti minimi (foot), 646 (hand), 496 hallucis, 644

ossis metatarsi quinti, 643 pollicis brevis, 493 longus, 505

Abernethy, fascia of, 854 Aberrant ductules, 751 Abnormal definition, 5 Accessory bile-ducts, 779

nerve. See Cranial nerves obturator nerve, 580, 847 process, 140 Acervulus cerebri, 1590 Acetabulum, 340

ossification of, 341 Acrocephaly, 270 Acromial anastomosis, 443 Acromion, 296 , 298 Acromio-clavicular joint, 444 Acromio-thoracic artery, 426 Adamantoblasts, 287 Addison's lines, 755 Adductor brevis, 577 hallucis, 649 longus, 576 magnus, 577 minimus, 578 pollicis, 494, 496 Adenoids, 1373 Agger nasi, 214 Aggregated nodules, 868 Air-cells, mastoid, i88 sphenoidal, 199 Akinesis, 9 Ala cinerea, 1490

of frontal bone, 181 orbitalis, 273 of sacrum, 148 temporalis, 275


Alae of ethmoid, 207 of vomer, 228 Alar thoracic artery, 427 Alimentary canal (embryonic), 23 Allantoic diverticulum, 31 Allantois, 31, 32, 33, 954 Alveolar arches, 1337 index, 269 point, 244, 268 process of maxilla, 214 Alveoli, pulmonary, 1028 Alveus, 1525, 1569 Ambiguus nucleus, 1625 , 1626, 1627 Ameloblasts, 287 Amitosis, 9, 12 Amnion, 27, 30, 32, 106 Amniotic cavity, 25, 26, 32 duct, 32 fluid, 106 folds, 31, 32

Amphioxus gastrulation, 35 mesoderm, 36 Ampulla of duodenum, 865 of ear, 1684 of rectum, 944 of vas deferens, 935 Amygdaloid nucleus, 1524, 1532 tubercle, 1524

Anal canal, development of, 965 of female, 978 lymphatics of, 964 of male, 945 structure of, 961 columns, 961 fascia, 922 membrane, 965 valves, 962 Analogy, 122 Anaphase, 10

Anastomosis, acromial, 443 cruciate, 538, 585 , 587 round, elbow-joint, 479 knee-joint, 548 scapular, 441 trochanteric, 585 Anatomical description, 2 snuff-box, 484 textbooks, 2 Anatomy, 1


1714




INDEX


1715


Anconeus muscle, 500 Angle, cranio-facial, 260 of eye, 1289 of mandible, 232 pubic, 339, 552 sacro-vertebral, 151 sternal, 102, 1013 subcostal, 165 subpubic, 344

Angles of pharyngeal lateral pouches. 70,76 Angular process, medial, 181 Animal cell, 8 Ankle-joint, 661

Annular-ligament of radius, 520 Annulus fibrosus—

of intervertebral disc, 1107 of tympanic membrane, 1676 ovalis, 1055

Ano-coccygeal body, 675 Ansa hypoglossi, 1206

lenticularis, 1531, 1539 , 1567 peduncularis, 1565, 1567 subclavia, 1239, 1335 Antecubital lymphatic glands, 452, 514 Antihelix, 1295 Antinion, 268 Antitragicus muscle, 1296 Antrum, definition, 115 pyloric, 760 tympanic, 188, 1681 Anus, 674

development of, 965 imperforate, 965 lymphatics of, 964 Aorta, abdominal, 825

branches of, 825 guides to bifurcation of, 708 arch of, 1037

development of, 1041 ascending, 1033

branches of, 1036 development of, 1037 great sinus of, 1036 descending, 1089

development of, 1094 embryonic, 51, 68 thoracic, 1033 varieties of, 1040 Aortic arches, 68, 91, 1118 isthmus, 1038 lymphatic glands, 832 nodule, 1063 orifice, 1062

position of, 1064 plexus, 811 sinuses, 1063 spindle, 1038 valve, 1062 vestibule, 1060 Aortico-renal ganglion, 809 Aperture, bony, of nose, anterior, 244 posterior, 251

median, of fourth ventricle, 1492, 1608 Apex of lung, 1021 Apical pole of ovum, 25


Aponeurosis, bicipital, 453 epicranial, 1156 palatine, 1351 palmar, 484 plantar, 642 Apophysis, 114

Appendices epiploicae, 768, 871 Appendix, vermiform, 764

development of, 63, 872, 883 mesentery of, 764, 787 , 884 Aquatic respiration, 1377 Aqueduct of mid-brain, 1488, 1560

development of, 58, 1561, 1589 of vestibule, 191, 264 Aqueductus cochleae, 193, 1165, 1686 Aqueous humour, 1661 Arachnoid granulations, 1599, 1609 membrane, cranial, 1608 spinal, 1413

Arbor vitae cerebelli, 1485 of uterus, 977

Arc, longitudinal, of skull, 269 Arch, coraco-acromial, 445 crico-thyroid, 1215 femoral, deep, 719, 734 jugular, 1175 nasal, 1154 palato-glossal, 1350 palato-pharyngeal, 1350 palmar, deep, 484, 497 , 499 superficial, 483, 487, 498 plantar, 614, 657 subpubic, 344 superciliary, 181 Archenteric cavity, 25 Archenteron, 27, 30 Arches, arterial, 1118 dental, 281 of foot, 672 visceral, 66, 278

metamorphosis of, 1376 Archoplasm, 9

Arcuate eminence, 189, 263, 1684 fibres of medulla, 1465 ligaments of knee-joint, 631 of diaphragm, 836 line, 727

Arcus parieto-occipitalis, 1501 tendineus, 947 Area, bucco-pharyngeal, 34 cochlear, 190 embryonic, 33 orbital, 1493 proto-cardiac, 34 tentorial, 1493 vestibular, 1491 Areas of Broca, 1446 of cortex, 1569 of Flechsig, 1467

vestibular, superior and inferior, 190 Areola of nipple, 414 Arm, landmarks of, 446 Arteria, centralis retinae, 1260 rectae, 906

thyroidea ima, 1038, 1204, 1221




1716


INDEX


Artery or arteries—

acromio-thoracic, 426 alar thoracic, 427 anastomosis, cruciate, 538, 585 , 87 round, elbow-joint, 479 knee-joint, 548 scapular, 441 aorta, abdominal, 825

branches of, 825 development of, 1041, 1118 guides to bifurcation, 708 arch of, 1037

development of, 1041 ascending, 1033

branches of, 1036 development of, 1037 great sinus of, 1036 descending, 1089

development of, 1094 embryonic, 51, 68 primitive dorsal, 1118 ventral, 1118 thoracic, 1033 varieties of, 1040 aortic arches (emb.), 68, 91 appendicular, 797 arch, crico-thyroid, 1215

palmar, deep, 484, 497 , 499 superficial, 483, 487, 498 plantar, 614, 657 arcuate, 612

ascending pharyngeal, 1219 auditory, internal, 1448, 1576 of auricle, 1672 auricular, deep, 1305

posterior, 1161, 1219 axillary, 425

varieties of, 428 azygos, of vaginal, 980 basilar, 1447, 1575 brachial, 454

collateral circulation after ligature, 457 profunda, 455 varieties of, 456 bronchial, 1090, 1029 buccal, 1282, 1307 of bulb, female, 703 male, 688

bulbar, of vertebral, 1575 caecal, 797

calcaneal, lateral, of peroneal, 626 medial, of post-tibial, 627 calcarine, 1577 capsular, of liver, 885 carotid, common, 1207

left, in thorax, 1039 ligation of, 1210 surgical compression, 1210 internal, 1323

at base of brain, 1449 cavernous part of, 1169 cerebral part of, 1570 development of, 91, 1118, 1122, 1324


Artery or arteries ( continued )—

carotid, internal, petrous part of, 1399 carpal, anterior, of radial, 475 of ulnar, 479

arch, posterior, 478, 508, 511 posterior, of radial, 511 of ulnar, 478

rete, anterior, 478, 479, 498 centralis, retinae, 1260, 1658 cerebellar, anterior inferior, 1448, 1576 posterior inferior, 1575 superior, 1448, 1576 cerebral, anterior, 1449, 1572 middle, 1449, 1573 posterior, 1448, 1576

cerebral areas of, 1577 cervical, ascending, 1242 deep, 1148, 1244 transverse, 1193, 1243

deep branch of, 402, 1192, 1243

superficial branch of, 1142,

1243

of uterine, 980

choroidal, anterior, 1449, 1571 posterior, 1577 ciliary, anterior, 1260, 1651 long, 1260, 1651 posterior, 1260 short, 1260

circulus arteriosus, 1449, 1577 major, 1651 minor, 1651

circumflex, anterior humeral, 427 fibular, 609 iliac, deep, 732

superficial, 508, 712 lateral femoral, 585, 588 medial femoral, 585, 589 posterior humeral, 427, 428 scapular, 427

clitoris, dorsal artery of, 703 cochlear, 1694 coeliac, 811 colic, left, 801 middle, 797 right, 797

communicating, anterior, 1449, 1573 posterior, 1449, 1571 companion artery of sciatic nerve, 538

coronary, of heart, 1036 of uterine, 980 of corpus callosum, 1573 cremasteric, 731 crico-thyroid arch, 1215

branch of superior thyroid, 1214 dental, anterior superior, 1308 inferior, 1307 posterior superior, 1307 dorsalis, indicis, 511 linguae, 1216 pedis, 611

varieties of, 614 pollicis, 511




INDEX


1717


Artery or arteries ( continued )— epigastric, inferior, 729

branches of, 731 guide to, 708 superficial, 584, 711 superior, 731, 1000

ethmoidal, anterior, 1261, 1281,

1362

posterior, 1261 facial, on face, 1278 in neck, 1217 transverse, 1158, 1281 femoral, 563, 581 » 587

profunda of, 584, 588 fibular, circumflex, 609

of frenulum linguae, 1216 ganglionic, 1449, 1573 , 1577 gastric, left, 812 right, 814

gastro-duodenal, 814 gastro-epiploic, left, 812 right, 814

genicular, of popliteal, 548 gluteal, inferior, 538, 926 superior, 536, 927 helicine, 953 hepatic, 813, 885

varieties of, 815 hyaloid, 1664 ileal, 796 ileo-colic, 787 iliac, circumflex deep, 732 superficial, 712 common, 849

branches of, 851 collateral circulation after ligature of, 852 guide to, 708 varieties of, 852 external, 853

branches of, 854 collateral circulation after ligature of, 854 guide to, 708 varieties of branches, 854 internal, 923

branches of, 924 foetal condition of, 923 varieties of, 923 ilio-lumbar, 926 indicis, dorsalis, 511 radialis, 487, 498 infra-hyoid, 1214 infra-orbital, 1282 , 1307 innominate, 1038

varieties of, 1039 intercostal, 997

anterior, 998, 1000 collateral, 1093 lower two, 732, 999 posterior, 998, 1091 superior, 997, 1093, 1243 interlobar, of kidney, 904 interlobular, of kidney, 905 of liver, 885


Artery or arteries ( continued )— interosseous, anterior, 478 common, 478 posterior, 506, 507 recurrent, 508 of iris, 1651 jejunal, 796 of kidney, 904 labial, inferior, 1279

superior, 1280, 1362 of labyrinth, 1694 lacrimal, 1260 laryngeal, inferior, 1243 superior, 1214 of larynx, 1396 lenticular, 1573 lenticulo-striate, 1573 lenticulo-thalamic, 1573 of ligamentum teres of uterus, 731 lingual, 1215 lumbar, 847

abdominal branches of, 732 branches of, 847 malleolar, lateral anterior, 609 medial anterior, 609 of posterior tibial, 627 mammary, external branches of lateral thoracic artery, 426 internal, cervical part of, 1242 thoracic part of, 999 branches of, 1000 masseteric, 1307 mastoid of occipital, 1146, 1219 maxillary, 1304

branches of, 1305 median, 478 , 498, 5 1 ^> meningeal, accessory, 1306, 1600 anterior of ethmoidal, 1599 of ascending pharyngeal, 1220, 1601

of internal carotid, 1600 middle, 1306, 1600 of occipital, 1146, 1219, 1601 of vertebral, 1575, 1601 mental, of facial, 1279

of inferior dental, 1283, 1307 mesenteric inferior, 801 branches of, 801 superior, 796

branches of, 796 metacarpal, dorsal, 511 palmar, 498 metatarsal, dorsal, 613 first plantar, 657 musculo-phrenic, 1000 mylo-hyoid, of inferior dental, 1307 nasal, dorsal, 1261, 1281 lateral, of facial, 1280 nutrient arteries— of femur, 587 of fibula, 626 of humerus, 455, 456 of radius, 478 of tibia, 626 of ulna, 478






INDEX


1718

Artery or arteries [continued )— obturator, 589, 925, 927 abnormal, 566 occipital, first part, 1218

descending branch of, 1218 second and third parts, 1146 olecanon rete, 479 ophthalmic, 1170, 1259 ovarian, 830

in pelvis, 978 of palate, soft, 1354 palatine, ascending, of facial, 1217 of ascending pharyngeal, 1220 greater, 1308 , 1338, 1362 lesser, 1308

palmar arch, deep, 484, 497, 499 superficial, 483, 487, 498 palpebral, lateral, 1260, 1281 medial, 1261, 1281 pancreatica magna, 812 pancreatico-duodenal, inferior, 798 superior, 814 pedis, dorsalis, 611 varieties of, 614 perforating, foot, 613, 657 hand, 498

of profunda femoris, 586 pericardiaco-phrenic, 1000 perineal, superficial, of female, 703 of male, 687 transverse, 687 peroneal, 610, 626 branches of, 626 communicating branch of, 627 varieties, 626

pharyngeal, ascending, 1219 of maxillary, 1308 of pharynx, 1373 phrenic, 827 placental, 51 plantar arch, 655, 657 lateral, 655 , 657 medial, 654 , 657 pollicis, dorsalis, 511 princeps, 487, 497 pontine, 1448, 1575 popliteal, 541, 546 varieties of, 548 princeps pollicis, 487, 497 profunda, of brachial, 455 femoris, 584 , 588 linguae, 1216, 1346 of pterygoid canal, 1308, 1362 pterygoid, of maxillary, 1307 pubic, 731

of obturator, 589 pudendal, accessory, 689 deep external, 584 internal, 925 female, 703 in gluteal region, 539 male, 686

superficial external, 584, 710 pulmonary, 1028, 1042 development of, 1042


Artery or arteries [continued )— pulmonary, trunk, 1042

development of, 1042 radial, 473

first part, 474

recurrent branch of, 475 second part, 509 third part, 497 varieties of, 475, 498 radialis indicis, 487, 498 rectal, 906

inferior, 963 middle, 925, 963 superior, 802, 963 recurrent, anterior tibial, 609 ulnar, 477

posterior interosseous, 508 tibial, 609 ulnar, 477 radial, 475 renal, 827

aberrant, 828 accessory, 828 varieties, 828 rete, olecranon, 479 retinal, 1658 sacral, lateral, 926 median, 946

saphenous, of descending genicular,

587, 589

of scalp, 1153 scapular, circumflex, 427 of sclera, 1643 septal, of facial, 1280

of spheno-palatine, 1308, 1339, 1362

spheno-palatine, 1308, 1361 spinal, anterior, 1447, 1575 lateral, 1434

posterior, 1434, 1447, 1575 of posterior intercostals, 1093, 1411 splenic, 812 striate, 1573 stylo-mastoid, 1219 subclavian, 1237

development of, 1240 left, first part of, 1240 in thorax, 1040 right, first part of, 1237 second part of, 1240 third part of, 1191

guide to, 1192 subcostal, 732, 848, 1093 sublingual, 1216 submental, 1218 subscapular, 427 suprahyoid, 1216 supra-orbital, 1154, 1260 suprarenal, inferior, 828 middle, 827

superior, of phrenic, 827 suprascapular, 402, 438 , ii 93 ; 1243 suprasternal of suprascapular,

43 8 . 1243





INDEX


1719


Artery or arteries ( continued )— supratrochlear (brachial), 456 of ophthalmic, 1154, 1261 sural cutaneous, 548 tarsal, 612

temporal, anterior deep, 1307 middle, 1158 posterior deep, 1307 superficial, 1158 testicular, 829

terminal part of, 738 varieties, 829 thoracic, alar, 427 lateral, 427 somatic, 1244 superior, 426

thyro-cervical trunk, 1242 thyroid, inferior, 1242 superior, 1213 , 1242 thyroidea ima, 1038, 1204, 1221 tibial, anterior, 607

guide to, 599 recurrent, 609 posterior, 624 guide to, 599 recurrent, 609 varieties, 627 of tongue, 1346 of tonsils, 1215, 1355 tonsillar, of facial, 1217 transverse facial, 1158 tympanic, anterior, 1306 inferior, 1220

of tympanic membrane, 1677 ulnar, 475

collateral, 456 first part, 476

recurrent branches of, 477 second part, 480 third part, 487 varieties, 479. 49$ umbilical, 51, 9 2 3> io8 3 urachal, of superior vesical, 924 ureteric, of superior vesical, 924 uterine, 979 vaginal, 980

azygos, 980 of liver, 885 of uterine, 980

vas aberrans, brachial, 456, 475 to vas deferens, 738, 925 vertebral, at base of brain, 1447 development of, 1121, 1242 first part, 1241 fourth part, 1574 second part, 1241 third part, 1151 varieties of, 1242 vesical, inferior, 925 superior, 924 vestibular, 1694 zygomatic, 115 8 Articular discs— . .

of acromio-clavicular joint, 444 of mandibular joint, 1318


| Articular discs ( continued )— of radio-ulnar joint, 520 of sterno-clavicular joint, 444 Articularis genu muscle, 573 Articular nerves—

ankle-joint, 610, 615, 627, 663 calcaneo-cuboid, 654 carpal joints, 507, 525 carpo-metacarpal, 526 elbow-joint, 461, 480, 519 hip-joint, 545, 574, 580, 597 intermetacarpal, 526 interphalangeal, foot. 653, 654 shoulder-joint, 432, 464 talo-calcanean, 615 tarsal, 614, 652, 654 tarso-metatarsal, 614, 652, 654 tibio-fibular, inferior, 550, 610, 660 intermediate, 660 superior, 550, 659 wrist-joint, 489, 507, 523 Aryepiglottic fold, 1386 development of, 73 Arytenoid cartilages, 1382 development of, 1383 Arytenoideus muscle, 1393 Aspera, linea, 350

Association fibres of cerebrum, 1568 Aster, 9, 10

Asterion, 180, 239, 251, 268, 1630 Atavism, 6

Atlanto-axial joints, 1404 , 1408 Atlanto-occipital joints, 1406, 1409 Atlas, 128

development of, 170 ossification of, 142 Atresia ani, 955 Atria of heart, left, 1052

interior of, 1059 right, 1051

interior of, 1054 of lung, 1027

Atrio-ventricular bundle, 1071 node, 1071

Atrium of middle meatus, 1357 Attraction particles, 9 sphere, 9

Atypical, definition, 6 Auditory artery, internal, 1448, 1576 cells, 1689, 1692 epithelium, 1689 hairs, 1689

meatus, external, 193 , 1671 internal, 190, 264 nerve, 1165, 1404, 1447, 1620 process, external, 194 radiation, 1531, 1568 striae, 1471, 1489, 1620 teeth, 1691 Auricle, 1294

blood-supply of, 1297 lymphatics of, 1297 muscles of, extrinsic, 1160 intrinsic, 1296 nerve-supply of, 1297



INDEX


1720

Auricle, structure of, 1295 veins of, 1297 Auricles of heart, left, 1052 right, 1051

Auricular artery, deep, 1305 posterior, 1219 nerve, great, 1142 , 1278 posterior, 1160, 1272 point, 251, 268, 1629 surface of sacrum, 147 tubercle, 1295 tubercles (emb.), 68 vein, posterior, 1161 Auricularis anterior muscle, 1160 posterior, 1160 superior, 1160

Auriculo-temporal nerve, 1157, 1277 Auscultation triangle, 400 Autonomic nervous system, 1634 parasympathetic, 1639 cranial, 1639 sacral, 1640 sympathetic, 1635

course of efferent impulses, 1636 development of, 1640 ganglia, 1635

rami communicantes, 1635 Axial filament in spermatozoon, 13 skeleton, 23 Axillary artery, 425

varieties of, 428 fascia, 414 folds, 412

lymphatic glands, 416, 424, 434 , 514 sheath, 429 space, 412, 422 vein, 428 , 451 Axis, 131

odontoid process of, 131 ossification of, 143 Azygos arteries of vagina, 890 veins, 839

Back, landmarks of, 397 of scalp and neck, 1141 Baillarger, bands of, 1565 Balfour’s cell-chain theory, 55 Ball-and-socket joint, 393 Band, diagonal, 1515 ilio-trochanteric, 593 moderator, 1057 pudendal, 929 sciatic, 929

Basal cartilaginous plate in skull, 89 ganglia, 1526 Base of brain, 1443 Base-line of Reid, 1633 Basi-bregmatic axis, 260 Basi-cranial axis, 260 Basi-facial axis, 260 Basi-hyal, 236 Basilar artery, 1447, 1575

branches of, 1447, 1575 groove, 174 membrane, 1690


Basilar, part of occipital bone, 174 vein, 1521, 1579 Basilic vein, 450, 451 Basi-occipital, 275 Basion, 258, 268 Basket cells of cerebellum, 1487 Beak of ulna, 312 Bechterew, band of, 1565 Bellini, duct of, 903 Bergmann, fibres of, 1487 Biceps brachii, 452 , 463 third head, 454 femoris, 542

Bicipital aponeurosis, 453 groove, 300 synovial sheath, 465 Bifurcated ligament—•

calcaneo-cuboid part, 666 calcaneo-navicular part, 665 Bile canaliculi, 886 capillaries, 886 ducts, 779

accessory ducts, 779 interlobular ducts, 886 Birth of foetus, 107 Biventer cervicis muscle, 407 Bladder, urinary, blood-supply of, 952 development of, 955 female, 977 infantile, 952

ligaments of, false, 918, 952 true, 952

lumen of empty bladder, 951 male, 932

nerve-supply of, 953 orifices of, 951 peritoneal relations of, 934 structure of, 949 trigone, external, of, 934 internal, of, 951

Blastocele, 24 Blastocyst, 24 Blastoderm, 24 Blastodermic vesicle, 24 Blastomere, 21 Blastopore, 35 Blastula, 24 Blind spot, 1653

Blood circulation, development of, so, s islands, 51

Bochdalek, ganglion of, 1320 Body, ano-coccygeal, 675 carotid, 1211 cavity, primitive, 23, 42 ciliary, 1647 geniculate, lateral, 1538 medial, 1538 Pacinian, 490, 653 perineal, female, 701 male, 681 pineal, 1540 ponto-bulbar, 1584 stalk, circulation in, 51, 52 morphology, 31 " relation to umbilicus, 65






INDEX


1721


Body, ultimo-branchial, 76 vitreous, 1662 wall, development of, 59 split by pleurae, 78 Bone, canaliculi, 117 cell, 117 chemical, 115 lacunae, 117 marrow, 121 Bones, cancellated, 118 classification of, 118 compact, 116 of head, 172 ossification, 119 Borders, post- and pre-axial, 5 Bowman, capsule of, 901, 906 Brachia of corpora quadrigemina, 1538,

1548

Brachial artery, 454, 456

collateral circulation after ligature, 457 profunda, 455 varieties of, 456 plexus, 439

infraclavicular branches, 431 in neck, 1193

supraclavicular branches, 430, 1194

Brachialis muscle, 454 Brachio-radialis, 501 Brachycephalic skulls, 243, 267, 269 Brain, 1442

development of, 55, 15 81 superior surface of, 1433 weight of, 1570

Bregma, 180, 237, 238, 268, 1629 Bregmatic bone, 265 Broca, area of, 1446 Bronchioles, 1027

development of, 1030 Bronchus, eparterial, 1027, 1030 hyparterial, 1027

development of, 1030 left, 1086 right, 1086

Bruch, membrane of, 1646 Bryant’s triangle, 552 Buccal mucous glands, 1272 Buccinator muscle, 1269 Bucco-pharyngeal area, 34, 44

fascia, 1179, I 3 68 membrane, 44, 56. 69 Bulb, olfactory, 1165, 1510 , 157 ° of penis, 682 of posterior horn, i 5 2 4 Bulbar ridges, 1079 Bulbo-urethral glands, 685 Bulbs of vestibule, 696 Bulla ethmoidalis, 1357 Bundle, atrio-ventricular, I ° 7 I

medial longitudinal, 1464, 1555 of Munzer, 1588 Bursa of biceps brachii, 453 femoris, 542, 641

of coraco-clavicular ligament, 405


Bursa, under gastrocnemius, 544, 619, 640 gluteal muscles, 598 of infraspinatus, 465 under obturator internus, 535 olecranon, 447 of popliteal tendon, 641 prepatellar, 554, 640 under semimembranosus, 544, 64° subacromial, 436, 464 subhyoid, 235 subpsoas, 598 subscapular, 464 suprapatellar, 574, 640 of teres major, 465 Bursae at elbow-joint, 519 at hip-joint, 598 at knee-joint, 640 at shoulder-joint, 464

Caecum, 762

development of, 63, 882 peritoneal relations of, 763 varieties of, 764 vascular fold of, 792 Cajal, horizontal cells of, 1562 moss fibres of, 1488 Calamus scriptorius, 1452 Calcaneal arteries—

lateral of peroneal, 626 medial of post-tibial, 627 Calcaneo-cuboid joint, 666 Calcaneo-navicular ligament, plantar, 665, 673

part of bifurcated ligament, 665 Calcaneum, 370

ossification of, 378 peroneal tubercle, 372, 388 structure of, 372

sustentaculum tali of, 371, 388, 390 tubercles on, 370, 386 tuberosity of, 370 varieties of, 372 Calcar avis, 1524 femorale, 354

Calcarine area of cortex, 1569 artery, 1577 Callosal radiation, 1568 Calvaria, 260 Canal or canals— anal, 945, 97 8 carotid, 189, 191, 258, 263 central, of cord, 1422 condylar, 175, 258 cranio-pharyngeal, 197, 206 dental, 212, 213 facial, 190 femoral, 566 Haversian, 116 hepatic, 886 hyaloid, 1664 incisive, 248 infra-orbital, 245 inguinal, 708, 735 innominate, 201





1722


INDEX


Canal or canals—( continued ) intestinal, 761 lacrimal, 245 mandibular, 231 naso-lacrimal, 248 neural, 40

of Nuck, 743, 744, 969 obturator, 993

palatine, greater and lesser, 255 palato-vaginal, 199, 255 palmar, 332

pharyngo-tympanic, 257 portal, 885

pterygoid, 204, 255, 263 pterygo-palatine, 227 pudendal, 688 pyloric, 760 of sacrum, 148 semicircular, 1684 spiral, of cochlea, 1685 subsartorial, 580 vertebral, 154 Volkmann's, 117 zygomatico-facial, 219 zygomatico-temporal, 219 Canaliculus for chorda tympani, anterior, 187, 1673

posterior, 190, 1675 lacrimal, 1287 mastoid, 191, 258 tympanic, 258 Cancellated bone, 118 Canine fossa, 212 ridge, 211 teeth, 280 Capitate bone, 320

ossification of, 322 Capitellum, definition, 114 Capitulum of humerus, 304 Capsular decidua, 104, 106 Capsule, external, of brain, 1531 internal, of brain, 1528 Caput cornu, 1421

gyri hippocampi, 1507 medusae, 712

Cardiac nerves of sympathetic cervical, 1334 . 1335

of vagus, cervical, 1330 thoracic, 1045 plexus, 1046 deep, 1046 superficial, 1046

Cardinal veins, 51, 1127, 1132, 1136 Carotico-clinoid foramen, 200 Carotid artery, common, 1207

left, in thorax, 1039 external, 1212

development of, 1119, 1213 internal, 1169, 1323, 1324, 1399' 1449

development of, 91, 1118, 1122, 1324

body, 1211

canal, 189, 191, 258, 263 groove of sphenoid, 200


Carotid notch of sphenoid, 200 plexus, 1333 sheath, 1207 triangle, 1196 tubercle, 134, 1172 Carpal arch, posterior, 478, 508, 511 arteries—

anterior, of radial, 475 posterior, of radial, 511 of ulnar, 479 joints, 524

rete, anterior, 478, 479, 498 Carpo-metacarpal joints, 525 Carpus, 315

morphology, 323 ossification of, 322 varieties of, 322 as a whole, 321 Cartilage or cartilages— arytenoid, 1382 corniculate, 1383 costal, 160 cuneiform, 1383 of larynx, 1379

of mandibular arch, 74, 75, 232 nasal, 1298 of second arch, 75 semilunar, 632 thyroid, 1380

Cartilaginous base of skull, 89, 270, 275 Cartilago triticea, 1384 Caruncula lacrimalis, 1289, 1292 Carunculae hymenales, 696 Cauda equina, 1417 Caudal, definition, 122 Caudate nucleus, 1526 Cave of Retzius, 339 Cavernous sinus, 1169, 1606 Cavity, glenoid, 294 , 461 of larynx, 1386 nasal, 1356

of septum lucidum, 1520 thoracic, 1002 Cavum trigeminale, 1167 Cell, animal, 8

of Cajal, 1562 division, 9 germ, 12 of Golgi, 1564 membrane, 8 pyramidal, 1562 Cement, 285

Centra, vertebral development, 59 Central artery of retina, 1260, 1658 canal of cord, 1422 lobule of cerebullum, 1478 tendon of diaphragm, 835 Centrale, os, 322

Centro-acinar cells of Langerhans, 891 Centrosome, 9, 10, 21 in spermatozoa, 13 Centrum of vertebrae, 125 Cephalic, definition, 122 vein, 450, 451 Cerg,to-hyal, 76, 23$


/





INDEX


I 7 2 3


Cerebellar fossae, 264

Cerebelli, tentorium, 1163, 1602, 1633

Cerebellum, 1475

arbor vitae of, 1485 association and commissural fibres of, 1485

basal surface, 1443 development of, 1488, 1586 lobes and lobules of under surface of, 1480

of upper surface, 1478 medullary vela, 1485 morphology of, 1481 nuclei of, i486 peduncles, inferior, 1484 middle, 1484 superior, 1483 , 1553 structure of, i486 under surface of, 1479 upper surface of, 1476 Cerebral commissure, anterior, 1518, 1568 hippocampal, 1518, 1568 posterior, 1542 cortex, 1561

development, 1510, 1591 fissures of, 1495

calcarine, 1503 choroidal, 1525 collateral, 1497 dentate, 1508 ecto-rhinal, 1508 lateral, 1495 parieto-occipital, 1496 postcalcarine, 1503 precalcarine, 1503 ganglia, basal, of, 1526 gyri of, 1493. See under Gyri hemispheres, 1493 lobes of—

frontal, 1497 insula, 1505 limbic, 1506 occipital, 1502 olfactory, 1510 parietal, 1499 pyriform, 1508

temporal, 1504 lobules of—

cuneus, 1504 paracentral, 1499 parietal, 1501 postcentral, 1506 prsecuneus, 1502 precentral, 1506 quadrate, 1502 pole, frontal, of, 1451

occipital, of, 1451, i 5°3 temporal, of, 1444 veins, 1578 vesicles, primary, 58 Cerebri, crura, 1445. 1551 Cerebro-spinal axis, 1410 Cerebrum, the, 1493 Ceruminous glands, 1672 Cervical canal in pregnancy, 104


Cervical fascia, deep, 1178

compartments of, 1180

fistula, 1377

lymphatic glands, deep, 1189, H 99 superficial, 1178 plexus, 1185

branches, deep, 1188

superficial, 1141, 1187 spinal nerves, origins of, 1418 vertebrae, 126 Cervix cornu of cord, 1421 of uterus, 973

Check ligaments of eyeball, 1253 Cheeks, 1337 Chiasma, optic, 1545 Chondrocranium, 89, 270, 275 Chorda tympani nerve, 1347, 1402 Chordae tendineae, 1057 Chorio-decidual vessels, 109 Chorion, 29, 106 Chorionic ectoderm 29 mesoderm, 29 villus, 29

Choroid coat of eyeball, 1645 nerves of, 1651 structure of, 1646 plexus of fourth ventricle, 1492 of lateral ventricle, 1521

of inferior horn of, 1525 of third ventricle, 1521 Choroidal fissure, 1525 Chromatin, 9

discharged from nucleus, 18 Chromosomes, 10, 17, 18 Chyli, cisterna, 838, 1100 Ciliary body of eye, 1647 ganglion, 1257 margin, 1649 nerves, long, 1256 short, 1258 processes, 1647 vessels, 1260, 1651 Cinereum, tuber, 1445* 1544 Cingulate sulcus, 1496 Circular folds of small intestine, 864 sinus, 1606 sulcus, 1497

Circulation, course of, 1050 embryonic, 51

Circulus arteriosus, 1449, 1 577 major, 1651 minor, 1651 Circumduction, 395

Circumflex artery, anterior humeral, 427 fibular, 609

lateral femoral, 585, 588 medial femoral, 585, 589 posterior humeral, 427, 428 scapular, 427 iliac artery, deep, 732

superficial, 584, 712 nerve, 432 , 436 Cisterna basalis, 1609

cerebello-medullaris, 1609 chyli, 838, 1100




INDEX


1724


Cisterna pontis, 1609 venae magnae, 1609 Classification of joints, 394 of movements, 395 Claustrum, 1531

Clava of medulla oblongata, 1455 Clavicle, 289

in female, 291 ossification of, 292 structure of, 291 varieties of, 291 Clavi-pectoral fascia, 420 Cleavage nucleus, 21 Cleft, intratonsillar, 1354 palate, varieties of, 218 uro-genital, 693

Clinoid process, anterior, 200 , 261 middle, 200 , 261 posterior, 198 , 261 Clitoris, 694

arteries of, 703 development of, 698 frenulum, 694 glans, 695 lymphatics of, 695 prepuce, 695 Clivus monticuli, 1478 of sphenoid, 197, 264 Cloaca, 45, 99, 954 division of, 98 Cloacalfossa, 956

membrane, 45, 955, 956 septum, 99, 954 Closing membrane, 66 Coats of eyeball, 1641 Coccygeal plexus, 531 Coccygeus muscle, 948 Coccyx, 149

cornua of, 150 ossification of, 151 varieties, 151 Cochlea, 1685, 1689

aqueduct of, 193, 1165, 1686 Coeliac artery, 811 ganglia, 809 plexus, 807, 809 Coelom, 23, 29, 65

extra-embryonic, obliterated, 106

Coils of intestine, formation, 63 Collateral fissure, 1497 Colliculus facialis, 1491 Colon, ascending, 766 descending, 767

iliac part of, 767 left flexure of, 767 pelvic, 943 right flexure of, 766 taeniae of, 768, 870 transverse, 766 Column, vertebral, 124 as a whole, 151 Columnae rugarum, 986 Columns, anal, 961 renal, 900


Commissures of brain—

anterior, 1518, 1568 corpus callosum, 1513 * 1568 Gudden, of, 1545, 1547 habenular, 1541 hippocampal, 1518, 1568 posterior, 1542 of female perinaeum, 692 of spinal cord, 1418, 1420, 1426 Communicating artery, anterior, 1449, 1573

posterior, 1449, 1571 Companion artery of sciatic nerve, 538 Comparative anatomy, 1 embryology, 23

Compressor venae dorsalis penis, 680 Conchae, nasal, inferior, 223 middle, 209 superior, 209 sphenoidal, 204 Condylar canals, 176, 258, 264 fossa, 176, 258 tubercle, 234 Condyles of femur, 352 occipital, 175, 258 of tibia, 357

Condyloid process of mandible, 232 Cone-bipolar cells of retina, 1655 Cone of light, 1677 Cones of retina, 1656

Confluence of the sinuses, 174, 1603, 1631 Congenital cystic kidney, 95 Conjoint tendon, 725 Conjugation of pronuclei, 20 Conjunctiva, 1291, 1292 Conoid impression, 297 ligament, 444 tubercle, 289

Constrictor muscles of pharynx, 1368, 1369

Contrahentes, 515

Conus medullaris of spinal cord, 1416 Convoluted tubules of kidney, 901,903 Convolutions of brain. See Gyri Coraco-acromial arch, 445 ligament, 445

Coraco-brachialis muscle, 452 Coraco-clavicular ligament, 444 Coracoid process and bone, 296 , 298 Cord, spermatic, 736 Cornea of eyeball, 1643 Corneal corpuscles, 1644 spaces, 1644

Corniculate cartilages, 1383 Corona glandis, 715

radiata, 1515, 1531 of ovum, 14, 19 Coronal, definition, 5 suture, 238, 1630 Coronary arteries of heart, 1036 of uterine, 980 ligaments of knee, 623 plexuses, 1048 sinus, 1065 Coronoid fossa, 304



INDEX


I7 2 5


Coronoid process of mandible, 232 of ulna, 312 Corpora bigemina, 58 geniculata, 1538 mamillaria, 1543

peduncles of, 1544 quadrigemina, 1547

development of, 58 Corpus albicans of ovary, 982 callosum, 1513

development of, 1531, 1596 forceps major, 1516 minor, 1515 genu,1514 peduncles of, 1514 radiatio corporis callosi,

1515

fimbriatum, 972 luteum, 982 striatum, 1526

development of, 58, 1591 trapezoides of cerebellum, 1484 of pons, 1470 Corrugator cutis ani, 675 supercilii muscle, 1266 Cortex, cerebral, 1561 Corti, rods of, 1691 tunnel of, 1692

Cortical branches of cerebral arteries, 1572, 1574, 1577

Cortico-medullary, arterial arches of kidney, 904 venous arches, 907 Cortico-pontine fibres, 1552 Cortico-thalamic tract, 1566 Costal cartilages, 160

extensions from sclerotomes, 59 groove, 156 zone, 755

Costo-capitular facets, 134, 153 Costo-clavicular ligament, 443 Costo-coracoid ligament, 420 Costo-transverse lamella, 128 Costo-tubercular facets, 136 Cotyledons, no Cranial capacity, 268 fossae, 260, 261, 263 index, 269 Cranial nerves, 1610

at base of brain, 1446 of skull, 1165 superficial origin of, 1446 abducent, at base of skull, 1166 distribution, 1166, 1447, 1616 nucleus of, 1473, 1616 in orbit, 1254 superficial origin, 1447 accessory, at base of skull, 1166 bulbar part, 1628 course, 1331, 1447, 1628 cranial root, 1331 distribution of, 1331, 1628 origin of, deep, 1628 superficial, 1447 spinal part, 1628


Cranial nerves {continued )—

auditory, at base of skull, 1166

cochlear nerve, 1404, 1620, 1693 in internal ear, 1693 meatus, 1404 nuclei of, 1620 spiral ganglion, 1620, 1694 superficial origin, 1447 vestibular ganglion, 1404, 1620, 1693

nerve, 1404, 1622, 1693 facial, at base of skull, 1166

distribution, 1157, 1272, 1401, 1447, 1682

after emerging from facial canal, 1272

in facial canal, 1400 ganglion of, 1403 , 1618 meatal portion of, 1400 nuclei of, motor, 1472, 1617 sensory, 1619 origin of, deep, 1617 superficial, 1447 petrous portion, 1400 sensory root, 1403 glosso-pharyngeal, at base of skull, 1166

distribution of, 1325, 1626 extracranial portion of, 1324, 1447, 1625 ganglia of, 1325 origin of, deep, 1619, 1624 superficial, 1447

hypoglossal, at base of skull, 1167 distribution of, 1322, 1629 extracranial portion of, 1332, 1447

origin of, deep, 1458, 1629 superficial, 1447

oculo-motor, at base of skull, 1165 nucleus of, 1561, 1611 in orbit, 1253 superficial origin, 1446 olfactory, 1165, 1360 , 1611 optic, at base of skull, 1165 development of, 1668 in orbit, 1253 origin, deep, 1611 superficial, 1446

trigeminal, at base of skull, 1165 distribution of, 1446 ganglion, 1167

mandibular nerve, 1168, 1309, 1616

maxillary nerve, 1168, 1616 mesencephalic root, nucleus of, 1561

motor root, nuclei of, 1474, 1615 ophthalmic nerve, 1168, 1254

1616

origin, deep, 1614 superficial, 1446 sensory root of, 1472

nuclei of, 1472, 1474, 1615



INDEX


1726

Cranial nerves ( continued )— vagus, in abdomen, 861

auricular branch of, 1161, 1328, 1672, 1677

at base of skull, 1166 cardiac branches of, 1330 cervical cardiac branches of, 1330 portion of, 1327, 1330, 1447 distribution of, 1626 ganglia of, inferior, 1328 , 1626 superior, 1328 , 1626 nuclei of, motor, 1626 sensory, 1626 origin, deep, 1625 superficial, 1447 pharyngeal branch of, 1329 pulmonary plexuses of, 1029, 1043, 1045

thoracic portion of left, 1044 of right, 1043

Cranio-cerebral lobes of cerebrum, 1634 topography, 1629 Cranio-facial angle, 260 Cranio-metrical terms, 268 Cranio-pharyngeal canal, 197, 206 Cranium, 172

development of, 91, 270 interior of, 259 Cremaster muscle, 723 Cremasteric fascia, 716, 723 reflex, 724

Crest, conchal, of maxilla, 213 ethmoidal, of palatine, 225 external occipital, 259 of ilium, 334 incisive, of maxilla, 216 incisor, of maxilla, 216 infratemporal, 202 internal occipital, 264 lacrimal, 222 nasal, of maxilla, 216 of palatine, 225 obturator, 340 pubic, 399

relations of structures at, 728 sphenoidal, 199 supramastoid, 185 of tibia, 1359

transverse, of internal auditory meatus, 190 of trapezium, 319, 333 urethral, female, 988 male, 939 vestibular, 1683 Cretinism, 270 Cribriform fascia, 561 , 568 plate of ethmoid, 207 Crico-arytenoideus posterior, 1392 lateralis, 1392 Crico-arytenoid joint, 1385 Cricoid cartilage, 1382

development of, 73, 1382 Crico-thyroideus, 1390 Crico-thyroid joint, 1385 Crico-vocal membrane, 1384


Crista ampullaris, 1688 galli, 207, 261

Cruciate anastomosis, 538, 585 , 587 ligaments of knee, 634 occipito-axial, 1405

transverse part, 1405,1408 vertical part, 1407 Crura cerebri, 1445, 1551

development of, 1589 Crus commune, 1688 of helix, 1295 Crusta-petrosa, 285, 287 Cryptorchismus, 743 Cryptozygous skull, 243 Crystalline lens, 1661

development of, 1667 Cubital fossa, 458 Cuboid bone, 377

ossification of, 378

peroneal groove of, 378 , 388, 390

varieties, 378

Cuboideo-metatarsal joint, 669 Culmen monticuli, 1478 Cuneate tubercle, 1455 Cuneatus, fasciculus, 1429 funiculus, 1455 nucleus, 1460

Cuneiform bones of tarsus, 373 intermediate, 375 lateral, 375 medial, 374 ossification of, 378 cartilages, 1383 Cuneo-cuboid joint, 669 Cuneo-navicular joint, 668 Cuneus of brain, 1504 Cupola of cochlea, 1695 Curved form of embryo, 48 Curves of vertebral column, 151 Cutaneous nerves. See also under Nerves, cutaneous of arm, 447 of back, 397 of forearm, back of, 449 front of, 465 of gluteal region, 529 of hand, 449, 465 of leg, outer side of, 614 of pectoral region, 412 of perinaeum, male, 675 of scapular region, 436 of sole of foot, 644 of trunk, 710

Cuvier, ducts of, 51, 92, 1127 Cystic duct, 778

development of, 891 structure of, 890 notch, 756, 777 Cytomicrosomes, 9 Cytoplasm, 8 Cytotrophoblast, 27, 29

Dachryon, 244, 268 Dartos muscle, 709, 713, 716 Daughter cells, 12



INDEX


1727


Daughter chromosomes, 10 nuclei, 12

Decidua basalis, 104 capsularis, 104, 106 parietalis, 104 Decidual cells, 107

change in pregnancy, 107 Decussation, fountain, 1433, 1551 of lemnisci, 1465 of pyramids, 1453 Deferens, vas, 737

development of, 738 , 753 in pelvis, 935 structure of, 737 Deiters, cells of, 1692 Deltoid, 436

tuberosity, 300 Dental arches, 281 canaliculi, 284

canals, anterior and middle, 213 posterior, 212, 253 groove, 218 lamina, true, 286 papilla, 285, 287 pulp, 283, 287 sac, 285, 287 Dentate fissure, 1508 nucleus, 1485 Dentatum, os, 133 Dentine, 284

Depressor alae nasi muscle, 1268 anguli oris muscle, 1270 labii inferioris muscle, 1270 Descent of testis, 739

abnormal conditions of, 743 positions of, 743 gubernaculum testis, 740 mesorchium, 740 plica gubernatrix, 740 uro-genital mesentery, 740 Descriptive terms, 1 Deutoplasm, 9, 15 Development—

of anal canal, 965 of anus, 965

of appendix, vermiform, 63, 872, 883 of aqueduct of mid-brain, 58, 1561 of arteries, principal, 1118

aorta, arch of, 1018, 1041 ascending, 1037 descending, 1094 carotid, common, ni 9 > I2I 3 external, 1119. I2I 3 internal, 91, 1118,1122, 1324 central, of retina, 1667, 1668 femoral, 1123 hyaloid, 1667, 1669 innominate, 1119 of limbs, 1123 upper, 516 pulmonary, 91, 1042 subclavian, 1119. 1121 tibial, 1123 umbilical, 151 vertebral, 1121


Development ( continued )— of ary epiglottic folds, 73 of arytenoid cartilages, 1383 of atlas vertebra, 170 of atria of heart, 1075 of atrial septa, 1075 of atrio-ventricular valves, 1081 of auditory meatus, external, 68, 1696

of ossicles, 1679 of auricle of ear, 1697 of basal ganglia, 1594 of bile-duct, 868 of bladder, urinary, 955 of blood, 51

of body cavities, 47, 48 wall, 59

of brain, 55, 1581 of bronchi, 1030 of bronchioles, 1030 of bulbo-urethral glands, 686 of bulbs of vestibule, 699 of caecum, 882 of calyces, 95

of cartilages of larynx, 1397 of caruncula lacrimalis, 1292 of cement of teeth, 287 of cephalic ganglia, 1598 of cerebellum, 58, 1488, 1586 of cerebral hemispheres, 1510, 1591 peduncles, 1588, 1589 vesicles, 58, 1591 of choroid plexuses, 1596 of circulatory system, 51, 5 2 of cisterna chyli, 1138 of clitoris, 698

of commissures of brain, 1594 of conchae of nose, 1363 of conjunctiva, 1292 of cornea, 1670 of corniculate cartilages, 1383 of coronary sinus, 1076 of corpora mamillaria, 58, 1590 quadrigemina, 58, 1589 of corpus callosum, 1531, I 59 ^ striatum, 58, 1591 of cranial nerves, 1597 of cranium, 91, 270 of cricoid cartilage, 73, 1382 of crura cerebri, 1598 of cuneiform cartilages, 1383 of cystic duct, 891 of decidua, 104 of dentine, 287 of diaphragm, 837 of diencephalon, 58, 1589 of duodenum, 80 of dura mater, 90 of ear, external, 1696 internal, 1694

membranous labyrinth, 1694 middle, 1694 osseous labyrinth, 1695 of ejaculatory duct, 102, 959 of endolymphatic duct, 1694





INDEX


1728

Development ( continued )— of epididymis, 753 of epoophoron, 753, 987 of ethmoid bone, 276 of excretory system, 92 of eye, 1664 of eyelids, 1292 of face, 88

of facial musculature, 68 skeleton, 277 of flocculus, 1586 of fore-brain, 56 of fore-gut, 44 of fornix, 1518, 1595 of frontal bone, 277 of gall-bladder, 891 of geniculate bodies, 1591 of genital organs, external, female, 698

male, 699

of genito-urinary system, 92 of gonads, 100 of gums, 1339 of heart, 90, 1073 of hind-brain, 55, 57

metamorphosis of, 1581 of hind-gut, 44

of hippocampal commissure, 1596 of hymen, 696, 699 of hyoid bone, 76, 278 of hypophysis cerebri, 58, 87,1171 of infundibulum cerebri, 58, 87, 1171, 1590

of insula, 1510, 1592 of interventricular foramen, 1535 of intervertebral disc, 59, 169 of intestine, large, 872 small, 870

of intrinsic muscles of hand, 515 of iris,. 1670

of islets of Langerhans, 895 of kidney, 92-97, 910 of labia pudendi, 699 of labyrinth of ear, 1695 of lacrimal bone, 277 of lamina terminalis, 1510, 1595 of laminae of cord, 54, 1438 of larynx, 1397 of lens, 1667 of lesser omentum, 80 sac, 79, 81 of lips, 1339 of liver, 79, 888 of lungs, 70, 77, 1029 of lymphatic glands, 1139 system, 1137 vessels, 1138 of malleus, 74, 1679 of mammary gland, 417 of mandible, 234 of massa intermedia, 1591 of medulla oblongata, 1581 of medullary vela, 1597 of meninges of brain, 1596 of cord, 1442


Development ( continued )—

of mesonephros, 92, 94, 914 of metanephros, 92, 94, 910 of metencephalon, 1585 of mid-brain, 56, 1589 of middle ear, 1696 of mitral valve, 1081 of mouth, 84, 1339 of myelencephalon, 1581 of nasal apertures, 84, 1363 bone, 277 cartilages, 1363 chonchas, 1363 of naso-lacrimal duct, 1294 of neopallium, 1592 of nervous system, 53 of nose, 1363

external, 1365

of notochord, 23, 39 , 134, 167 of nucleus, arcuate, 1585 caudate, 1592 cuneate, 1584 gracilis, 1584 hypoglossal, 1581 lentiformis, 1592 oculo-motor, 1581 pontis, 1584 red, 1589 trigeminal, 1589 trochlear, 1589 of oesophagus, 66, 78, 108 of olfactory, apparatus, 1511 bulb, 1512, 1570 epithelium, 1364, 1512 lobe, 1511 nerves, 1512 organ, 1364 tract, 1570

of omental bursa, 79, 81 of omentum, greater, 81 lesser, 80

of opercula insulae, 1510 of optic nerve, 1668 of otocyst, 74 of ovary, 100, 753 of palate, 86 of palatine bone, 277 of pancreas, 80, 894 of pancreatic ducts, 81, 894 of paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct, 101 , 987

of paranasal sinuses, 1363 of parathyroid glands, 76 of paroophoron, 754 of parotid gland, 1289 of penis, 700

of pericardium, 43, 46, 1019 of peripheral nervous system, 1597 of peritoneum, 795 of pharyngo-tympanic tube, 73, 74, 1378 ‘

of pharynx, 1373 of philtrum, 1341 of pineal body, 58, 1590 of pinna, 67, 1697





INDEX


1729


Development ( continued )— of placenta, 106 of pleura, 78, 1011 of pleural sac, 78 of pons, 1586

of position of intestinal canal, 874 of stomach, 874 of pronephros, 92, 94 of prostate, 960 of prostatic utricle, 101 of pulmonary valve, 1081 of pulvinar, 1591 of pyramid of brain, 1584 of Rathke’s pouch, 87 , 206, 1171 of rectum, 99, 965 of respiratory system, 752 of rete testis, 752 of retina, 1667 of ribs, 59, 170 of saccule, 1695 of salivary glands, 1289 of sclera, 1670 of scrotum, 700 of semicircular canals, 1695 ducts, 1695

of seminal vesicles, 102, 959 of seminiferous tubules, 752 of septal cartilage, 1363 of septum lucidum, 1520 of skull, 270 of soft palate, 1354 of spinal cord, 53, 1436 ganglia, 54, 1597 nerves, 55 of spleen, 80, 897 of stapes, 75, 1679 of sternum, 170 of stomach, 861 of sublingual gland, 1235 of submandibular duct, 1234 gland, 1234

of suprarenal glands, 899 of sympathetic system, 1640 of tarsal glands, 1292 of teeth, 285 of tela choroidea, 1596 of telencephalon, 58, 1591 of tentorium cerebelli, 90, 273 of testis, 100, 752 of thalamus, 1539, 159° of thoracic duct, 1138 of thymus, 76, 1020 of thyroid cartilage, 1381, 1387 gland, 70, 76, 1222 of tongue, 72, 1348 of tonsil, 76, 1356 of trachea, 70, 1029 of transverse processes of vertebrae,

59

of tricuspid valve, 1081 of tuber cinereum, 58, 1589 of tympanic cavity, 73, 74, 1696 membrane, 75, 1696 of umbilical cord, 31/32 of umbilicus, 63


Development [continued )— of ureter, 910 of urethra, female, 988 male, 700, 956 of urinary bladder, 955 of uterine tubes, 987 of uterus, 101, 987 of utricle of ear, 1695 prostatic, 101 of vagina, 101, 987 of valve of heart, arterial, 1081 of vas deferens, 100, 102, 738, 753 of veins, principal, 1123

azygos veins, 1098, 1136 cardinal, 51, 1127 anterior, 1127 posterior, 1131 thoracic formation, 1136 cerebral, 1128 of gonads, 1135 iliac, common, 1132 innominate, 1032 portal, 817, 1124, 1125 primitive jugular, 51, 1127 renal, 1132, 1135 subcardinal, 1133 supracardinal, 1132, 1133 suprarenal, 1135 umbilical, 51, 1125, 1126 of upper limb, 516 vena cava, inferior, 1033 superior, 1032 vitelline, 51, 63, 1124 of venous system, 91 of ventricles of brain— fourth, 1493 lateral, 1594 third, 1535

of vermiform appendix, 63, 872, 883 of vermis, 1587 of vertebrae, 59 of vertebral column, 168 of vestibular glands, 699 of visceral arches, 1373 of vitreous body, 1669 of vocal folds, 1397 of vomero-nasal organ, 1366 of xiphoid process, 170 of zygomatic bone, 277 Diaphragm, 883

arcuate ligaments of, 836 blood-supply, 833 central tendon of, 835 crura of, 835 lymphatics of, 834 openings of, 835 Diaphragma sellae, 1163, 1603 Diaphragmatic plexus of nerves, 809 Diencephalon, 58 Digastric fossa, 230 muscle, 1127 triangle, 1198

Digital arteries, palmar, 488 plantar, 655, 657 nerves of foot, 652, 654


109



1730


INDEX


Digital nerves of hand, 489, 499

processes, palmar aponeurosis, 485 plantar, 643 veins, foot, 644 hand, 467

Digitate impressions, 181 Dilator naris muscle, 1268

papillae muscle, 1650, 1652 Diploe, 119, 260

veins of, 1154, - i 6 oi Diploid number of chromosomes, 18 Disc, .embryonic, 33, 39 Discs, intervertebral, 1107 Discus proligerus, 18, 982 Diverticula of ischio-rectal fossa, 676, 677

Diverticulum, amniotic, 31 ilei (Meckel's), 63, 762 Dolichocephalic skull, 243, 269 Dorsal aortae, 68 concavity, 50 convexity, 122 laminae of cord, 54 mesentery, 79 venous plexus of foot, 610 hand,467

Dorsalis indicis artery, 511 pedis artery, 611 , 614 pollicis artery, 511 Dorsum sellae of sphenoid, 197, 261 Duct or ducts— bile, 779

of Cuvier, 51, 92, 1127 cystic, 778 efferent, 751 ejaculatory, 936 endolymphatic, 191, 1688, 1694 of Gaertner, 102 hepatic, 778 lactiferous, 415, 417 lymphatic, right, 1246 mesonephric, 94, 102 naso-lacrimal, 1294 pancreatic, 892

paramesonephric (Mullerian),

101 , 987 parotid, 1287 perilymphatic, 193 pronephric, 94 prostatic, 939 semicircular, 1688 sublingual, 1235 submandibular, 1233 thoracic, in abdomen, 838 in neck, 1246 in thorax, 1100 thyro-glossal, 1222 vitelline, 762 vitello-intestinal, 61, 762 Ductus arteriosus, 1043', 1082 cochlearis, 1689, 1690 reuniens, 1688 sacculi, 1688 utriculi, 1687 venosus, 1126


Duodenal curves, formation of, 81 glands, 867 papilla, 865 recesses, 791

Duodeno-ieiunal flexure, 762 fold, 805

Duodenum, 761, 803 ampulla of, 865 first part of, 803 fourth part of, 805 glands of, 867 second part of, 804 suspensory muscle of, 805 third part of, 804 Dura mater at base of skull, 1162 blood-supply of, 1599 of brain, 1598 nerves of, 1601

processes of, 1601 sinuses of, 1163, 1603 of spinal cord, 1410

blood-supply of, 1412

Ear, development of, 73, 1694 external, 1671 internal, 1683 middle, 1673

Earliest known stage of human embryo,

26

Ectoderm, primitive, 25

structures formed from, in Ectognathion, 218 Ectopia testis, 743 Efferent ducts, 751 Ejaculatory duct, 936

development of, 959 structure of, 959 Elastic laminae of cornea, 1644 Elbow-joint, 516 bursae of, 519 ligaments of, 517, 518 nerves of, 519 relations of, 519 synovial membrane, 519 Elliptical recess of labyrinth, 1683 Embedding of ovum, 28, 104 Emboliformis, nucleus, 1485 Embryo, the, 39

formation of, 26 general form of, 48 Embryological terminology, 4 Embryology, general, 1, 8 Embryonic area, 33 disc, 39

plate, 26, 33, 36

Eminence, arcuate, 189, 263, 1684 frontal, 181, 1633 ilio-pubic, 335 parietal, 178, 1633 Eminentia medialis, 1491 saccularis, 1544 Emissary veins, 1608 Enamel, 285 cells, 287 cuticle, 285


/



INDEX


173


Enamel, organ, 285, 287 prism, 287 Encephalon, 1442 base of, 1443

arteries at base of, 1447 development of, 55, 1581 flexures of primitive, 57 Endocardium, 1068 Endognathion, 218 Endolymph of internal ear, 1697 Endolymphatic duct, 191, 1688, 1694 Endoskeleton, 113 Endosteum, 122 Endothelium, 112 Entoderm derivatives, 112 Entomion, 251, 268 Ependymal layer of cord, 54 Epiblast, 25 Epibolic growth, 35 Epicardium, 1018, 1068 Epicondyles of femur, 352, 353 of humerus, 304 Epicoracoid bone, 299 Epididymis, 749

development of, 753 structure of, 750 Epigastric artery, inferior, 729 superficial, 584, 711 superior, 731, 1000 depression, 705 Epiglottis, 1379

development of, 73 Epi-hyal, 76, 237

Epiotic centres of temporal bone, 196 Epiphyses, 114

and ossification, 305 Epiploicae, appendices, 768, 871 Epipteric bone, 180, 253, 265 Episternal bones, 162, 165 Epithalamus, 1540 Epitympanic recess, 188, 1681 pouches of, 1681 Epoophoron, 971

development of, 753, 987 Equator of eye, 1641 Equina, cauda, 1417 Eruption of teeth, 288 Erythroblasts, 51, 121 Ethmoid bone, 207 alae of, 207 labyrinth, 208 ossification of, 211 Ethmoidal crest of palatine, 225

foramina, 183, 210, 247, 248 * 261 notch, 182

process of inferior nasal concha, 223 spine, 197

Evolution of embryo, 23 Excretory organs, connection with splanchnocoele, 93 development, 92 Exoskeleton, 113 Expulsion of foetus, 107 Extensor carpi radialis brevis, 502 longus, 501


Extensor carpi ulnaris, 503 digiti minimi, 503 digitorum, 502 brevis, 611 longus, 607 hallucis brevis, 611 longus, 606 indicis, 506 pollicis brevis, 505 longus, 505 retinacula of foot, 603 of hand, 508 Extra-dural space, 1412 Extra-embryonic coelom, 29 obliterated, 106 mesoderm, 26

Extra-peritoneal tissue, 743 Extravasation of urine, 678 Eye, 1641

chambers of, 1661 coats of, 1641 development of, 1664 equator of, 1641 movements of, 1231 Eyelashes, 1290 Eyelids, 1289

development of, 1292 structure of, 1290

Face, arteries of, 1278 bones of, 172 development of, 88 landmarks of, 1263 Facet, 115

Facial artery on face, 1278 in neck, 1217 transverse, 1158, 1281 canal, 190 ganglion, 1403

lymphatic glands, deep, 1309 nerve. See Cranial nerves skeleton, development of, 277 vein, anterior, 1218, 1280 common, 1218 deep, 1308 transverse, 1281 Falx cerebelli, 1602 cerebri, 1601 anal, 675

Fascia of abdominal wall, anterior, deep, 7°9

superficial, 709 posterior, 839 of Abernethy, 854 of arm, deep, 451 axillary, 414 of back, deep, 397 bucco-pharyngeal, 1179, 1368 bulbi, 1252 cervical, deep, 1178 clavi-pectoral, 420 cremasteric, 716, 723 cribriform, 561, 568 of dorsum of foot, deep, 611 superficial, 610






INDEX


1732

Fascia of forearm, deep, 468 of gluteal region, 531 of hand, back of, 509 iliac, 839

infundibuliform, 716, 739 lata, 560

iliac portion, 561 pubic portion, 561 of leg, deep, 600 lumbar, 840, 841

posterior lamella of, 403 thoracic part of, 404 masseteric, 1337 obturator, 920 orbital, 1252 of palm, superficial, 484 of pectoral region, 414, 420 pelvic, parietal, 919 visceral, 921 perineal, deep, 677 superficial, 677 pharyngo-basilar, 1371 popliteal, 546 pretracheal, 1179 prevertebral, 1179 propia of Cooper, 716 psoas sheath, 839 of pyriformis, 919 of scapular region, deep, 436 spermatic, external, 716 internal, 716 temporal, 1161 transversalis, 733

Fascial compartments of neck, 1180 Fasciculus cuneatus, 1418, 1429 gracilis, 1418, 1429 longitudinal, inferior, 1569 superior, 1569 occipito-frontal, 1569 perpendicular, 1569 postero-lateral, 1430 retroflexus, 1541, 1558, 1561 solitarius, 1625, 1626 uncinate, 1569 Fasciola cinerea, 1513 Fastigii, nucleus, 1485 Fecundation, 20 Femoral artery, 563, 581 , 587 profunda of, 584, 588 canal, 566

cutaneous veins, 559

hernia, parts concerned in, 568

ring, 566

septum, 743

sheath, 565, 568

triangle, 552, 563

vein, 563, 589

Femoro-patellar joint, 628, 639 Femur, 345

adductor tubercle, 350, 354, 553 calcar femorale, 354 condyles, 352 epicondyles, 352, 353 fossa hypotrochanterica, 354 gluteal tuberosity, 350


Femur head, 345

intercondylar notch, 353 linea aspera, 350 neck, 346 ossification of, 355 patellar surface, 351 pectineal line, 350 pilastered, 354 popliteal groove, 352 surface, 358 quadrate line, 350 tubercle, 350 relation to stature, 354 sexual differences, 354 shaft, 348 structure, 353 trochanteric fossa, 348 line, 346

trochanters, 346, 348 tubercles of neck, 346 varieties, 354 Fenestra cochleae, 1674 vestibuli, 1674 Fertilization of ovum, 20 Fertilized ovum, 20

developmental stages, 22 segmentation, 21 Fibrinoid, 108 Fibula, 364 head, 364

malleolar fossa, 364 malleolus, 364

guide to, 599 oblique line, 366 ossification of, 367 structure of, 367 varieties, 367

Fibular circumflex artery, 609 intermuscular septa, 601 Fifth arch, rudimentary, 70 month foetus, no Filum terminale of cord, 1417 Fimbria of brain, 1510, 1518, 1525 ovarian, 972 Fimbriae, 972

Fimbriata, plica, of tongue, 1343 Fimbriatum, corpus, 972 Fimbrio-dentate sulcus, 1509 First pharyngeal groove obliterated, 74 Fissure for ligamentum teres, 775 venosum, 776 longitudinal, 1450 orbital, inferior, 247, 253 , 1262 superior, 247, 263 , 1262 palpebral, 1289 pterygoid, 203 pterygo-maxillary, 253 squamo-tympanic, 187, 1673 tympano-mastoid, 192 1 Fissures of brain— calcarine, 1503 choroidal, 1523 collateral, 1497 ecto-rhinal, 1508 lateral, 1495




INDEX


1733


fissures of brain ( continued )— parieto-occipital, 1496 postcalcarine, 1^03 postclival, 1477 precalcarine, 1503 primary, of cerebellum, 1477 transverse, 1520 Fistula in ano, 677

umbilical urinary, 954 Fixation villi, 109 Fixed terms in anatomy, 3 Flaccida, membrana, 1676, 1677 Flagellum in spermatozoon, 13 Flava, ligamenta, 1108 Flexor—

accessorius, 647 carpi radialis, 470 ulnaris, 473 digiti minimi, 496

brevis, 650 digitorum brevis, 645 longus, 621 profundus, 481 sublimis, 470 hallucis brevis, 648 longus, 623 pollicis brevis, 494 longus, 482, 496 retinacula of ankle, 602 of hand, 493 Flexures of brain, 57, 58 of colon, left, 767 right, 766 Floor plate, 53 Foetal circulation, 1082

changes in, at birth, 1083 peculiarities of, 1082 membranes, 106 Foetus, 4, no

general growth of, no maternal connections, 104 monthly growth, no Fold or folds—

ary epiglottic, 73 glosso-epiglottic, 1380 lacrimal, 1294 peritoneal, 744 pharyngo-epiglottic, 1380 recto-uterine, 967 of Treeves, 792 vesico-uterine, 967 vestibular, 1385, 1387 vocal, 1388

Fontanelles, 180, 237, 239, 265, 266 sagittal, 180, 266 Foot, arches of, 672 as a whole, 386 Foramen or foramina—

caecum of frontal bone, 181, 261, 1604 of medulla oblongata, 1451 of tongue, 72, 1222 carotico-clinoid, 200 definition, 115

emissary, sphenoidal, 201, 263 of Hiischke, 194, 197


Foramen or foramina ( continued )— incisive, 216, 255 infra-orbital, 212, 245 interventricular, of brain, 1535 of heart, 1081 jugular, 258, 264, 1166 lacerum, 258, 263 magnum, 176, 258, 264, 1167, 1633

structures passing through, 1167 mandibular, 231 mastoid, 187 mental, 229, 245 obturator, 340 optic, 229, 245, 247, 261 ovale, 201 , 253, 257, 263

of capsule of shoulder - joint, 461

in heart, 1065 tentorii, 1602 palatine, 226, 257 parietal, 243 pterygo-spinous, 203 rotundum, 201 , 255, 263 sacral, anterior, 144 sciatic, greater, 993 lesser, 535, 993 singulare, 190 spheno-palatine, 255 spinosum, 201 , 253, 263 sternal, 164, 171 stylo-mastoid, 192 supra-orbital, 244 supra-trochlear, 304 transversarium, 128 vertebral, 128 zygomatic, 219

zygomatico-facial, 219, 245, 247 zygomatico-temporal, 219, 247 Forceps major, 1516 minor, 1515 Fore-brain, 46, 56, 57 Fore-gut, 44, 62, 65 Formal position, the, 21 Formatio-reticularis alba, 1459 grisea, 1458

Formative cell-mass, 24 Fornix of brain, 1516, 1569 of conjunctive, 1292 Fossa or fosse—•

at base of skull, anterior, 260 middle, 261 posterior, 263 canine, 212 cerebellar, 264 condylar, 176, 258 coronoid, 304 cubital, 458 digastric, 230 digital, 744 for gall-bladder, 774 guttural, 257 hypophysial, 197, 261 iliac, 336, 708 incudis, 1675 incisive, of mandible, 229




I 734


INDEX


Fossa or fossae ( continued )—

incisive, of maxilla, 211, 216, 255 infraclavicular, 412 infraspinous, 292 infratemporal, 253 interpeduncular, 1561 intrabulbar, 941 ischio-rectal, 676 jugular, 191, 258 for lacrimal gland, 183, 245 nasal, 248 olecranon, 304 ovalis of heart, 1055

of middle ear, 1674 parafloccular, 191, 264 popliteal, 541, 545 pterygoid, 203, 257 pyriform, 76, 1376, 1386 radial, 304 retro-duodenal, 791 rotunda, 1674 scaphoid, 204 subarcuate, 191, 264 sublingual, 230 submandibular, 230 subnasal, 244 supraspinous, 292 temporal, 251 terminal, 941 tonsillar, 76 trochanteric, 348 trochlear, 183, 245, 1251 for vena cava, 777 vermian, 176, 264 vestibular, 696

Fountain decussation, 1433, 1551 Fovea-centralis, 1652

structure of, 1658 inferior, of fourth ventricle, 1490 spherica, 1683

superior, of fourth ventricle, 1491 Foveola of kidney, 903 Frankfurt plane, 242 Frenulum clitoridis, 695 labiorum, 696 linguae, 1336, 1343 lingulae of cerebellum, 1478 praeputii, 713

veli of superior medullary velum 1485, 1548 Frontal bone, 180

development of, 275 ossification of, 184 varieties of, 184 eminence, 181, 1633 lobe of brain, 1497 nerve, 1254

process of zygomatic, 220 sinus, 184, 250 suture, 238

Fronto-nasal process, 83, 88 Fronto-pontine tract, 1529, 1566 Funiculus, cuneatus, 1455 gelatinosus, 145 s gracilis, 1455


Gaertner’s duct, 102 Galactophorous ducts, 415, 417 Gall-bladder, 778

development of, 891 lymphatics of, 891 spiral valve, 890 structure of, 890 Ganglia, basal, 1526 Gangliform enlargement on anterior tibial nerve, 614 on median nerve, 489 on nerve to anconeus, 461 to teres minor, 432 on posterior interosseous nerve, 507

Ganglion, aortico-renal, 809 basal, 1526 of Bochdalek, 1320 cardiac, 1046 cervical, inferior, 1335 middle, 1334 superior, 1333 ciliary, 1257 coccygeal, 946 coeliac, 809

diaphragmaticum, 833 of facial nerve, 1403, 1618 of glosso-pharyngeal nerve, inferior, 1325 superior, 1325 habenulae, 1541 impar, 946

interpedunculare, 1541, 1561 mesenteric, inferior, 811 superior, 809 otic, 1314 phrenic, 1016 spheno-palatine, 1320 spinal, 1419, 1428 spiral, 1694 splanchnic, 1105 stellate, 1104 submandibular, 1315 sympathetic, 1655 lumbar, 838 sacral, 922 trigeminal, 1167 of vagus nerve, inferior, 1328 superior, 1328 vestibular, 1404, 1693 Ganglionic layer of retina, 1654 Gastral mesoderm, 36 Gastrocnemius, 617 Gastro-phrenic ligament, 789 Gastrulation, 38 Gemellus, inferior, 535 superior, 535 Genial tubercles, 230 Genicular arteries, 548, 587, 589 nerves, 550, 580, 637 Geniculate bodies, 1538 , 1621 gyrus, 1514

Genio-glossus muscle, 1230 Genio-hyoid muscle, 1230 Genital cord, ioj




INDEX


Genital eminence, 99, 694, 698 swellings, 694, 698 Genito-femoral nerve, 554, 846 Genito-iirinary development, 92 Gennari, band of, 1547 Genu of central sulcus, 1496 of corpus callosum, 1514 of internal capsule, 1528 of sigmoid sinus, 1632 Gerlach, valve of, 764 Germ-cells, female, 14, 16 male, 12 origin, 13

Germinal cells in developing cord, 54 epithelium, 13, 16 layers, structures derived from, 111 vesicle, 15 Gill-slits, 66, 70 Glabella, 181, 244, 268 Gland or glands. See also Lymphatic glands buccal, 1272 bulbo-urethral, 685 cardiac, of stomach, 858 ceruminous, 1672 ciliary, 1290 duodenal, 867 gastric, 858 Haversian, 596, 598 intestinal, 867 labial, 1271 lacrimal, 1247 lingual, anterior, 1345 mammary, 412, 414 , 416 molar, 1272 of Montgomery, 415 nasal, 1359 palatal, 1351 parathyroid, 1223 parotid, 1284 prostate, 937 pyloric, 859 sublingual, 1234 submandibular, 1233 tarsal, 1291, 1292 thymus, 1019 thyroid, 1204, 1220 accessory, 1221 of tongue, 1344, 1345 urethral, 942 vestibular, greater, 697 Glandis, corona, 715 Gians clitoridis, 695 penis, 715

Gleno-humeral ligaments, 462 Glenoid cavity, 294 , 298 Glenoidale, labrum, 463 Glia cells of cerebellum, 1487 Glisson, capsule-*>f, 884 Globosus, nucleus, 1485 Globus pallidus, 1528 Glomeruli, external and internal, 93 Glomerulus of kidney, 905 Glomus coccygeum, 946 Glosso-epiglottic fold, 1343, 1380


1735

Glosso-pharyngeal nerve. See Cranial nerves

Glottidis, rima, 1388 Gluteal artery, inferior, 538, 926 superior, 537, 927 fascia, 531

fold, 529 1

lines, 336

nerve, inferior, 539, 930 superior, 539, 930 region, 529 tuberosity, 350 reins, inferior, 538 superior, 536 Gluteus maximus, 531 medius, 532 minimus, 534 quartus, 534 Gnathic index, 269 Gnathion, 244, 268 Golgi, cells of, 1487, 1564 Gomphosis, 242 , 285 Gonads, 100 Gonion, 251, 268 Gracilis, fasciculus, 1418, 1429 funiculus, 1455 muscle, 516 nucleus, 1459

Granulations, arachnoid, 1599, 1609 Granulosa, membrana, 982 Grey matter—•

central, of medulla, 1459 of mid-brain, 1560 ” ' of cerebellum, 1484 of cerebral hemispheres, 1561 of spinal cord, 1420, 1424 of tegmentum, 1533 Groove, bicipital, 300 carotid, 200, 261 costal, 156

dental, of maxilla, 218 infra-orbital, 213 lacrimal, 222, 247 of maxilla, 213 medullary, 34 meningeal, anterior, 180 mylo-hyoid, 232 nasal, of ethmoid, 208 nuchal, 397

obturator, 340 *

olfactory, of ethmoid, 207 of sphenoid, 197 optic, 197, 261

peroneal, of cuboid, 377, 388, 390

for pharyngo-tympanic tube, 257

popliteal, 352 -- L

pulmonary, of thorax, 166

sacral, 146, 153

sigmoid, 188

spinal, 397

spiral, 300

subclavian, 290

of trapezium, 319, 333

vertebral, 153

Growth, embryonic, 48 ■




1736


INDEX


Growth, foetal, no Gubernaculum of testis, 103, 740 Guerin, valvule of, 942 Gums, 1338

development of, 1339 Gustatory cells, 1348 organs, 1347 pore, 1348 Guttural fossa, 257 Gyrus or gyri— angular, 1501 annectant, 1498 breves, 1506 cinguli, 1507 dentatus, 1509 frontal, 1498 geniculate, 1514 hippocampal, 1507 lingual, 1504 longus, 1506 marginal, 1499 occipito-temporal, 1505 orbital, 1499 precentral, 1497 postcentral, 1501 postparietal, 1502 rectus, 1499 subcallosal, 1514 supracallosal, 1514 supramarginal, 1501 temporal, 1505

Habenula, 1541 Habenulae, ganglion, 1541 striae, 1541 trigonum, 1541 Habenular commissure, 1541 Hair-cells, auditory, 1689, 1692 Hallucis, abductor, 644 adductor, 649 extensor brevis, 611 longus, 606 flexor brevis, 648 longus, 623

tendon of, 646 Hamate bone, 320

hook of, 321, 333 ossification of, 322 Hamstring muscles, 542, 544 Hamulus of lacrimal, 222 pterygoid, 203 of spiral lamina, 1686 Hand as a whole, 330 Hand-plates, no

Haploid number of chromosomes, 18 Harmonic suture, 394 Hassall, concentric corpuscles of, 1020 Haversian canals, 116

gland of hip-joint, 340, 596, 598 system, 117 Head, bones of, 173 process, 36 Heart, 1048

apex of, 1052, 1059 atrial portion of, 1051


Heart atrium, left, 1052, 1059 right, 1051, 1054 auricles of, 1051, 1052 base of, 1048, 1053 block, 1072 bloodvessels of, 1064 course of circulation, 1050 development of, 1073 exterior of, 1050 interior of, 1054 Latham’s circle, 1048 lymphatics of, 1067 nerves of, 1068 size of, 1073 topography of, 1048 of orifices of, 1064 tube, 90

ventricle, left, 1060 right, 1055

ventricular portion of, 1052 weight of, 1073 Helicine arteries, 953 Helicis major muscle, 1296 minor muscle, 1296 Helicotrema, 1686, 1689 Helix, 1294

spine of, 1295 tail of, 1295

Hemisternal cartilages, 170 Henle, loop of, 901, 903 Hensen, cells of, 1692

continuity theory of, 55 Hepatic artery, 813, 885 canals, 886 cells, 886 cylinders, 889 duct, 778 lobule, 884 plexus, 809 veins, 885

Hepatis, pons, 775, 777 porta, 775 sustentaculum, 789 Hernia, appendicular, 787 congenital, 747 diaphragmatic, 838 encysted, 747 femoral, 568 infantile, 747

inguinal, direct, medial, 746 oblique, lateral, 745 medial, 746

mesenteric, 786 s

meso-colic, 787 retro-peritoneal, 791 umbilical, 748

congenital, 748 Hertwig, sheath of, 287 Heterotypical mitosis, 17 Hiatus, definition, 115

for greater superficial petrosal nerve, 189, 190, 263

for lesser superficial petrosal nerve, 189, 263

semilunaris, 1357




INDEX


1737


Hilton, white line of, 962 Hilton’s law, 433 Hilum of lung, 1022 Hind-brain, ss, =>7 Hind-gut, 44, 45 Hinge-joint, 393 Hip bone, 334

ossification of, 341 joint, 590

arterial supply of, 596 bursae of, 598 capsular ligament, 590 Haversian gland, 596, 598 ilio-femoral ligament, 591 ischio-femoral ligament, 591 nerves of, 596 pubo-femoral ligament, 592 relations of, 596 synovial membrane, 595 Hippocampal commissure, 1518, 1568 gyrus, 1507

Hippocampus, 1509, 1532 His’ theory of nerve growth, 35 Histology, 1

Holden’s guide to greater trochanter, 552 Holoblastic ova, 25 Homodynamy, 6, 122 Homogeneity, 6 Homology, 6, 122 serial, 6, 122

Horns of cord, 1421, 1422

of lateral ventricle, 1523, 1524 Horseshoe kidney, 822 Humeral lymphatic glands, 424 Humerus, 299

anatomical neck of, 299 bicipital groove, 300 capitulum, 304 epicondyles, 304 greater tuberosity, 299 lesser tuberosity, 300 nutrient foramen, 300 ossification of, 305 shaft, 300 spiral groove, 300 structure, 304 supracondylar process, 302 surgical neck of, 300 trochlea, 304 varieties, 305 Humphry’s ligament, 633 Hiischke, foramen of, 194, 197 Hyaloid artery, 1664 canal of eye, 1664 membrane, 1662 Hyaloplasm, 8

Hydroccele, encysted, of spermatic cord, 743

Hymen, 695

development of, 696, 699 Hyo-glossus muscle, 1231 Hyoid arch, 75, 278 bone, 235

body, 235 horns, 236


Hyoid bone, development of, 278 ossification of, 236 tubercle of, 235 Hyperchordal bar, 143 Hypoblast, 25

Hypobranchial eminence, 70 Hypochordal bar, 168 Hypogastric sympathetic plexus, 811 zone, 755

subdivisions of, 755 Hypoglossal nerve. See Cranial nerves

triangle, 1490 Hypophysial fossa, 197 Hypophysis cerebri, 1171

development of, 58, 87, 1171 infundibulum, 1171 structure of, 1171 Hypospadias, 700 Hypothalamus, 1543

.

Ichthyopsida, 23, 69 Ileo-caecal fold, 792 Ileo-colic valve, 873

frenula of, 873 Ileum, 762, 869

peritoneal relations of, 786 Iliac arteries. See Arteries fossa, 336

left, contents of, 708 right, contents of, 708 veins. See Veins Ilio-costalis muscle, 404 Ilio-costo-cervicalis muscles, 404 Ilio-femoral ligament, 591 Ilio-hypogastric nerve, 531, 710, 728, 845 Ilio-inguinal nerve, 554, 729, 845 Ilio-pectineal septum, 856 Ilio-psoas muscle, 571, 842 Ilio-pubic eminence, 335 Ilio-tibial tract, 531, 560 , 57 ° Ilio-trochanteric band, 593 Ilium, 334

anterior inferior spine, 334 superior spine, 334 auricular area, 336 groove, 346 crest, 334 gluteal lines, 336 surface, 336 ligamentous area, 336 muscular area, 336 posterior spines, 334, 336 Impar, ganglion, 946 tuberculum, 70 Impregnation, 20 Impression, trigeminal, 189, 263 Incisive canal, 248 crest, 248 foramina, 216, 255 fossa of mandible, 229 Incisor crest, 216 teeth, 278

Incisura semilunaris cerebelli, 1475 temporalis, 1507




INDEX


1738

Incus, 1678

ligament of, 1679 Index, alveolar, 269 cranial, 269 gnathic, 269 nasal, 269 orbital, 269 vertical, of skull, 269 Indicis, dorsalis, artery, 511 extensor, muscle, 506 radialis, artery, 487, 498 Indusium griseum, 1510 Infarcts, red and white, 109 Infraclavicular fossa, 412

lymphatic glands, 416, 434 Infrahyoid muscles, 1200 region, 1203

Infra-orbital canal, 245, 247 foramen, 212, 245 groove, 213 nerve, 1276, 1319 plexus, 1274, 1276 process of zygomatic, 220 Infrapatellar tendon, 574 Infraspinatus muscle, 437 Infratemporal crest of sphenoid, 202 Infundibuliform fascia, 716, 739 Infundibulum of ethmoid, 209 of frontal, 184 of heart, 1056

of hypophysis cerebri, 1171, 1544 of lung, 1028 of nasal fossa, 250, 1357 of uterine tube, 972 Inguinal canal, 735

position of, 708 hernia, 745-748 ligament, 551, 707, 719 lymphatic glands, 558 recesses, 745 triangle, 708, 736 Inion, 243, 268 Inner cell mass, 24, 25 Innominate canal, 201 Intercellular passages of liver, 886 Interclavicular ligament, 443 Intercostal arteries, 411, 997 membranes, 994, 995 muscles, 994, 995 nerves, 728, 996, 1099 spaces, 167

Intercosto-brachial nerve, 433 , 447 Intercrural fibres, 718 Intercuneiform joints, 669 Interfoveolar ligament, 726 Interglobular spaces, 285, 287 Interior of cranium, 259 Interlamina sulcus, 54 Interlobar notch of liver, 777 Interlobular plexuses of liver, 885 Intermediate cell mass, 42

formation from, 92, 93 Intermetacarpal joints, 526 Intermetatarsal joints, 671 Interosseous artery, anterior, 478


Interosseous artery, common, 478 posterior, 506, 507 recurrent, 508 membrane of forearm, 521 of leg, 660 muscles of foot, 650 dorsal, 651 plantar, 650 of hand, 512 dorsal, 512 palmar, 494, 512 nerve, anterior, 481 posterior, 506 Interparietal bone, 177 Interpeduncular fossa, 1561 space, 1445

Interphalangeal joints, foot, 572 hand, 528

Interspinales muscles, 410 Intertragic notch, 1294 Intertransversales muscles, 410 Intertubercular line, 755 plane, 755

Interventricular foramen, 1535 Intervertebral discs, 1107

development of, 59, 169 Intervillous space, 105, 108 Intestinal canal, 761

blood-supply of, 795 development of, 870 glands, 867 lymphatic trunk, 832 Intestine, large, 762

appendices epiploicae, 871 blood-supply of, 871 character of, 871 development of, 872 of position of, 874 lymphatics of, 799, 802 nerves of, 871 structure of, 870 small, blood-supply of, 869

characteristics of different parts of, 869

circular folds of, 864 development of, 870

of positions of, 874 glands of, 867 lacteal vessels, 866 lymphatics of, 869 structure of, 863 villi of, 865

Intra-embryonic coelom, 42, 46 Intralobular plexuses of liver, 885 Intratonsillar cleft, 1354 Intra-uterine conditions in pregnancy, 104

Iris, 1648

blood-supply, 1651 development of, 1670 muscles of, 1650 nerves of, 1651 structure, 1650

Ischio-cavernosus, female, 702 male, 679






INDEX


1739


Ischiofemoral ligament, 591 Ischiorectal fossa, 676 contents of, 677 diverticula of, 676, 677 Ischium, 347 body, 337 ramus, 338 * spine of, 338 tuberosity of, 338, 529 Islets of Langerhans, 892 Isolecithal eggs, 23

Isthmus of external auditory meatus, 194 of gyrus cinguli, 1507 oropharyngeal, 1330 pharyngeal, 1371 of rhombencephalon, 38

Japonicum, os, 221 Jejunum, 762, 869 Joints, acromio-clavicular, 444 ankle, 661

atlantoaxial, 1404, 1408 altanto-occipitai, 1406, 1409 ball-and-socket, 393 calcaneo-cuboid, 675 carpometacarpal, 325 of thumb, 523 cartilaginous, 393 classification of, 394 condyloid, 393 costochondral, 1112 costotransverse, 1112 costovertebral, mo cricoarytenoid, 1383 crico-thyroid, 1385 cuboideometatarsal, 669 cuneo-cuboid, 669 cuneo-navicular. 668 elbow, 316

femoropatellar. 628, 639 fibrous, 393 of foot, 664 general, 393 of hand, 522 hinge, 303 hip, 590 intercarpal, 324 xnterchondral, 1114 intercoccygeal, 989 intercuneiform, 669 mtermetacarpal, 526 intermetatarsal, 671 interphalangeal, of foot. 672 of hand, 528 knee, 62S lumbosacral, 988 mandibular, 1316 metacarpophalangeal, 327 metatarsophalangeal, 671 mid-tarsal, 663 movements of joints, 393 naviculo-cuboid, 668 obstetrical, 177 of occipital bone, 1406, 1409 of pelvis, 988


Joints, pisiform, 324 pivot, 393 plane, 393

pubic symphysis, 092 radioulnar, 520 of ribs, mo sacro-coccygeal, 989 sacroiliac, 990 saddle, 393 shoulder, 461 sternal, 1114 stemo-clavicular, 443 stemo-costal, 1113 suture, 394 syndesmosis. 393 synovial, 393 talo-calcaneal 664 talo-ca lcaneonavicula r 663 tarsometatarsal, 669 tibiofibular, inferior. 639 intermediate, 660 superior, 639 transverse carpal, 323 of vertebral column, 1105 wrist, 322 Jugular arch, 1175 facet, 192

foramen, 258, 264, 1166 fossa of temporal, 191, 238 lymphatic trunk, 1199 notch of occipital, 1 76 process of occipital. 176. 258 vein, anterior, 1173 external, 1176

development of, 1177 internal, 1211

posterior external 1142, 1178 Jugum sphenoidale 197, 206

Karyokinesis, 9 Karyoplasm, 8, 9. 13 Karyosomes, 9 Kata phase, 10 Kidneys, 817

arteries of, 904 calyces of, 907, 908 cortex of, 901 development of, 95. 910 early condition of, 909 glomerulus, 903 hilum of, 821 lymphatics of, 907 medulla of, 900 pelvis of, 907 sinus of, 821 structure of, 900 uriniierous tubules 901 varieties of, S22 veins of, 906 Knee-joint, 628

arterial supply. 637 bursae of, 640 ligaments of. arcuate. 631 capsular. 622 cruciate, 634


174 ° INDEX


Knee-joint, ligaments, Humphry’s, 633 lateral, 630 medial, 629 oblique posterior, 631 patellae, 629 transverse, 633 Wrisberg’s, 633 movements of, 637 nerve supply, 637 semilunar cartilages, 632 synovial membrane, 634

Labia majora, 692

development of, 694 minora, 693

development of, 694 Labial mucous glands, 1271 Labrum, acetabulare, 594, 597 glenoidale, 463

Labyrinth of ear, membranous, 1687 blood-supply of, 1694 of themoid, 208 of kidney, 901 osseous, 1683 Lacrimal apparatus, 1293 artery, 1260 bone, 222

development of, 277 hamulus of, 222 ossification, 223 structure, 223 varieties, 223 canal, 245 canaliculi, 1293 crest, 222 fold, 1294 fossa, 183, 245 gland, 1247 groove, 247

of lacrimal, 222 of maxilla, 213 nerve, 1254, 1276 notch of maxilla, 213 process of inferior nasal concha, 223 sac, 1293

Lacrimalis, caruncula, 1289, 1292 lacus, 1289 Lacteal vessels, 866 Lactiferous ducts, 415, 417 Lacuna or lacunae— laterales, 1603 magna, 942 muscular, 856 urethales, 942 vascular, 856 Lacunar region, 855 Lacus lacrimalis, 1289 Lambda, 180, 237 , 242, 268, 1629 Lambdoid suture, 237 , 1630 Lamina basalis, 1646

chorio-capillaris, 1646 cribrosa of internal auditory meatus, 190 , 1686 of sclera, 1643 dorsal, of cord, 54, 1440


Lamina elastic, of cornea, 1644 fusca, 1643 labio-dental, 286 osseous spiral, 1685 reticular, 1693 suprachoroid, 1646 terminalis of brain, 1510, 1544 vasculosa of choroid, 1646 ventral, of cord, 54, 1439 vertebral, 127

Landmarks of abdominal wall, 704 of arm, 446 axilla, 412 of back, 397

of scalp and neck, 1141 of thigh and popliteal space, 540 of face, 1263

of front and inner side of thigh, 551 of wrist and palm, 482 of gluteal region, 529 of leg, 598

of male perinaeum, 674 of pectoral region, 412 of side of neck, 1172 of sole of foot, 641

Langerhans, centro-acinar cells of, 891 islets of, 892

Laryngeal artery, inferior, 1243 superior, 1214 nerve, external, 1329, 1395 internal, 1329, 1395 recurrent, 1044, 1045, 1330 * 1395 superior, 1329, 1395 Larynx, cartilages of, 1379 development of, 73, 1397 epiglottis, 1379 inlet, 1386 lymphatics of, 1396 mucous membrane of, 1399 muscles, intrinsic, of, 1390

actions of, summary of, 1394

nerves of, 1395

pyriform fossa, 76, 1373, 1386 rima glottidis, 1388 vestibuli, 1388 saccule of, 1387 sinus of, 1387 structure of, 1379 vessels of, 1396 vestibular folds, 1385, 1387 ligaments, 1387 vestibule of, 1387 vocal folds, 1388 ligaments, 1385 Latham, circle of, 1048 Latissimus dorsi muscle, 399 nerve to, 431 Law of ossification, 305 Lemniscus, decussation of, 1465 lateral, in mid-brain, 1557 in pons, 1471, 1475 medial, in medulla, 1465, 1466 in mid-brain, 1556 in pons, 1473




INDEX


I 74 I


Lens, crystalline, 1661

capsule of, 1662 development of, 1667 at different ages, 1662 vesicle, 1665, 1667 Lenticularis, ansa, 1531, 1539, 1567 Lentiformis, nucleus, 1526 Leptorhine skulls, 269 Lesser, triangle of, 1228 Levator anguli oris, 1268 ani, 947

glandulae thyroidae, 1221 labii superioris, 1268 alaeque nasi, 1267 palati, 1353, 1378 palpebrae, superioris, 1247 scapulae, 400 Levatores costarum, 410 longiores, 411 Lienis, sustentaculum, 767 Ligament or ligaments—

accessory, of atlas and axis, 1405 of knee, 629 acromio-clavicular, 444 alar, of odontoid process, 1408 of ankle-joint, 661 annular, of stapes, 1690

of superior radio-ulnar joint, 520

apical, of odontoid process, 1408 arcuate, of diaphragm, 836 of knee, 631

atlanto-axial, posterior, 1406 atlanto-occipital, 1406 of auricle, 1296 bifurcated, 665 of bladder, false, 918, 952 true, 952

brachial, medial, 452 of calcaneo-cuboid joint, 666 calcaneo-navicular, plantar, 665, 673 of carpo-metacarpal joints, 525 check, of orbit, 1253 conoid, 444

Cooper, oblique ligament of, 518 coraco-acromial, 445 coraco-clavicular, 444 coraco-humeral, 462 coronary, of knee, 628 costo-clavicular, 443 costo-coracoid, 420 costo-transverse, 112 cruciate, of atlas and axis, 1407, 1408 of knee, 634

of cuboideo-metatarsal joint, 671 of cuneo-cuboid joint, 669 of cuneo-navicular joint, 669 digital vaginal, of hand, 492 of elbow, 517, 518 fundiform, of Retzius, 604 gastro-phrenic, 789 gastro-splenic, 789 gleno-humeral, 462 of head of femur, 593 of hip-joint, 590


Ligament or ligaments (< continued )— of knee-joint, capsular, 590 of head of femur, 593 ilio-femoral, 590 ischio-femoral, 592 transverse, 595 Humphry’s 633 hyo-epiglottic, 1380 ilio-femoral, 590 ilio-lumbar, 988 inguinal, 551, 707, 719 pectineal part of, 719 reflected part of, 720 relations of, 718 of intercarpal joints, 524 interclavicular, 443 interclinoid, 1163 of intercuneiform joints, 669 interfoveolar, 725 of intermetacarpal joints, 526 of intermetatarsal joints, 671 of interphalangeal joints of hand, 528 of foot, 672

interspinous, of vertebrae, 1109 intertransverse, of vertebrae, mo intra - articular, of costo - vertebral joints, 1111

of sterno-costal joints, 1113 of knee-joint, 628 accessory, 629 arcuate, 631 capsular, 628 coronary, 628 cruciate, 634 Humphry’s, 633 lateral, 630 medial, 629 oblique posterior, 613 patellae, 574, 629 transverse, 633 of Wrisberg, 633 of laminae of vertebrae, 1108 of larynx, 1384 of left vena cava, 1018 lieno-phrenic, 789 lieno-renal, 789 of liver, 788

coronary, 788 falciform, 788 triangular, 788

longitudinal, anterior, 1105, 1406 posterior, 1106 lumbo-sacral, 988 of malleus, 1679 of mandibular joint, 1316 of metacarpo-phalangeal joints, 527 of metatarso-phalangeal joints, 671 oblique posterior, of knee, 631 occipito-axial, 1407 of ovary, 982 palpebral, lateral, 1291 medial, 1265, 1291 pectinate, of iris, 1644, 1645 pectineal, 856 peritoneal, 78S




1742

Ligament or ligaments [continued) petro-sphenoidal, 193 phrenico-colic, 789 phrenico-splenic, 789 piso-hamate, 473, 524 piso-metacarpal, 473, 524 plantar, long, 667 short, 667

pterygo-mandibular, 1181 pterygo-spinous, 1181 of pubic symphysis, inferior, 682, 98 pubo-femoral, 592 pubo-prostatic, 922 pulmonary, 1005 quadrate, 520 radiate, mi

radio-carpal, posterior, 522 radio-ulnar, 520 sacro-coccygeal, 989 sacro-iliac, 990 sacro-spinous, 991 sacro-tuberous, 542, 990

falciform process of, 991 of the scapula, 445 of shoulder-joint, 461 spheno-mandibular, 234, 1181, 1316 spino-glenoid, 445 spiral, of cochlea, 1690 of spleen, 789 of sternal joints, 1114 sterno-clavicular, 443 sterno-costal, 1113 sterno-pericardial, 1018 stylo-hyoid, 1232 stylo-mandibular, 1181, 1317 suprascapular, 445 supraspinous, 1109 suspensory, of axilla, 420 of eye, 1252 of lens, 1664 of ovary, 970 of penis, 713 talo-calcaneal, 664 of talo-calcaneo-navicular joint, 605 of tarso-metatarsal joints, 669 temporo-mandibular, 1316 thyro-epiglottic, 1380 thyro-hyoid, 1384 of tibio-fibular joints, 659 transverse, of atlas, 1405 deep, of palm, 526 of foot, 671 of hip-joint, 595

of inferior tibio-fibular joint, 660 of perinaeum, 682 of shoulder-joint, 453, 463 superficial, of palm, 484 trapezoid, 444 of uterus, broad, 968 of vertebrae, 1105 vestibular, 1385 vocal, 1385 of Wrisberg, 633 of wrist-joint, 522 of Zinn, 1250


INDEX

Ligamentum or ligamenta—* arteriosum, 1043 denticulata, 1413, 1415 flava, 1108 nuchae, 399, 1144 patellae, 574, 629 pectinatum iridis, 1644, 1655 suspensoria of mammary gland, 414

teres of liver, 788, 1126 of uterus, 986 venosum, 1127

Ligula of fourth ventricle, 1492 Limb buds, no lower, 529 upper, 397 Limbic lobe, 1506 Limbous suture, 237 Limbus, lamina spiralis, 1691 sphenoidalis, 197, 261 Limen insulae, 1506 Line or lines—

Addison’s, 755 arcuate, 340 gluteal, 336 intertubercular, 755 lateral, of abdomen, 755 mylo-hyoid, 230 Nelaton’s, 552 nuchal, 172, 250 oblique, of mandible, 231 of ulna, 314 pectineal, 350 quadrate, 350 soleal, 361 spino-umbilical, 707 subcostal, 755 Sylvian, 1632 temporal, 178 trapezoid, 290, 297 vertical, of tibia, 361 Linea alba, 704 aspera, 350 splendens, 1415 Lineae semilunares, 705 Lingual artery, 1215 glands, 1345 nerve, 1313

Lingula of cerebellum, 1477 of mandible, 231 of sphenoid, 200, 276 Linin, 9 Lips, 1336

Liquor folliculi, 19, 982 Lithotomy, lateral, structures divided in, 692

Liver, 771

borders of, 777 cells of, 886 component parts, 771 connections of, 771 cystic notch, 777 development of, 79, 888 duct of, 778

excretory apparatus of, 778





INDEX


17 43


Liver fissures or fossae of—

for gall-bladder, 774 for ligamentum teres, 775 venosum, 776 for vena cava, 777 impression, cardiac, 773 colic, 775 duodenal, 775 oesophageal, 776 renal, 775 suprarenal, 777 interlobar notch, 777 ligaments of, 788 lobes of—

caudate, 777 left, 773 quadrate, 774 right, 773 lobules of, 884 lymphatics of, 887 nerves of, 868 peritoneal relations of, 777 porta hepatis, 775, 777 position of, 771 structure of, 884 surface of, 773 topography of, 771 tuber omentale, 774 Lobes of cerebral hemispheres— frontal, 1497 insula, 1505 limbic, 1506 occipital, 1502 olfactory, 1510 parietal, 1499 pyriform, 1508 temporal, 1504

of cerebellum. See Cerebellum of testis, 750 Lobule of ear, 1294 Lobules of cerebral hemispheres—cuneus, 1504 paracentral, 1499 parietal, 1501 postcentral, 1506 praecuneus, 1502 precentral, 1506 quadrate, 1502

of cerebellum, See Cerebellum of epididymis, 751, 752 Locus caerulus, 1491 Longissimus capitis muscle, 406 cervicis muscle, 406 thoracis muscle, 406 Lucidum, septum, 1518 cavity of, 1520 Lumbar arteries, 847

fascia, 403, 404, 840, 841 lymphatic trunk, 833 plexus, 844 puncture, 154 triangle, 400, 708 vertebrae, 138 Lumbo-sacral trunk, 847 Lumbrical muscles of foot, 649 .


Lumbrical muscles of hand, 492 Lunate bone, 317

ossification, 322 Lung buds, 77, 1029 Lungs, 1021

cervical part of, 1246 development of, 77, 1028 difference between lungs, 1025 in foetus, 1031 lobes of, 1023 lymphatics of, 1029 nerves of, 1029 root of, 1025 structure of, 1027 Lunules of aortic valve, 1063 Luteum, corpus, 982 Lymphatic duct, right, 1246 Lymphatic glands— antecubital, 452 aortic, 832 apical, 424

axillary, 416, 424, 434 buccinator, 1284 caval, 1104 central, of axilla, 434 cervical, deep, 1189, 1199 superficial, 1178 coeliac, 815 colic, 803 facial, 1280

deep, 1309 gastric, 815 hepatic, 816 humeral, 424, 434 ileo-colic, 800 iliac, common, 849, 852 external, 855 internal, 927 infraclavicular, 416, 434 inguinal, 558 deep, 559 superficial, 558 innominate, 1101 intercostal, 1095, 1101 of intestine, large, 803 small, 799 juxta-aortic, 833 lingual, 1217

mammary, internal (or sternal), 1101

mastoid, 1161

mediastinal, anterior, 1014.

See also Innominate posterior, 1101 mesentric, inferior, 802 superior, 789 obturator, 855 occipital, 1148 pancreatic, 815 pararectal, 964 paratracheal, 1199, 1227 parotid (pre-auricular), 1285 pectoral, 424, 434 popliteal, 551 pre-aortic, 832





  • 744


INDEX


Lymphatic glands ( continued ,)— pre-laryngeal, 1199, 1386 pretracheal, 1199, 1225 pubic, 558 retro-aortic, 833 retro-femoral, 855 sacral, 946 splenic, 815 submandibular, 1198 submental, 1199, 1203 subscapular, 424, 434 supratrochlear, 452 thoracic, 1101 tibial, anterior, 610 tracheo-bronchial, 1103 Lymphatic nodules of spleen, 896 system, development of, 1377 trunk, intestinal, 832 lumbar, 833 vessels of—

abdominal wall, deep, 733 superficial, 558, 712 anal canal, 964 antebrachial, 514 anus, 964 auricle, 1672 bladder, 952 brachial, 514 buttock, 658 carpal, 513 clitoris, 695, 715 colon, ascending, 800 descending, 802 pelvic, 802, 943 transverse, 800 diaphragm, 834 digital, foot, 658 hand, 513 epididymis, 750 face, 1283 gall-bladder, 891 genitals, external, 558 gluteal region, 540, 558 gums, 1338 heart, 1067 inguinal region, 558 intercostal spaces, 999 intestine, large, 800, 802, 943 small, 799, 869 kidney, 907 larynx, 1396 lips, 1336 liver, 887

lower limb, 558, 658 lungs, 1029 mammary gland, 416 nasal cavity, 1363 nose, 1298 oesophagus, 1088 ovary, 982

palate, mucous membrane, of hard, 1338 palm, 513 pancreas, 893 parotid gland, 1288


Lymphatic vessels ( continued )— penis, 715 pericardium, 1019 perineum, female, 693 male, deep, 690 superficial, 558, 690 pharynx, 1373 pleura, ion rectum, 964 scalp, 1162 scrotum, 717 seminal vesicles, 959 spleen, 897 stomach, 860 suprarenals, 898 testis, 750 thyroid gland, 1222 tongue, 1347 tonsils, 1355 trachea, 1225 upper limb, 513 ureter, 909 urethra, female, 988 male, 942, 943 uterine tubes, 983 uterus, 986 vagina, 986 vulva, 704 Lymph sacs, 1137

jugular, 1137 posterior, 1137 retro-peritoneal, 1137

McBurney, point of, 708 Macrocephaly, 268 Macrosomes, 25 Macula, lutea, 1653 sacculi, 1688 utricli, 1688 Magma reticulare, 32 Malleolar arteries, 609, 627 Malleolus, lateral, 364 medial, 361 Malleus, 1678

development of, 74, 1678 Mamillo-thalamic tract, 1517, 1543 Mammalia, 23

Mammary artery, internal —•

cervical part, 1242 thoracic part, 999 gland, 412, 414 accessory, 416 blood-supply, 415 development of, 417 lymphatics of, 416 nerves, 416 structure of, 416 lymphatic glands, 11 or Mammillary process, 139 Mandibular arch, 66 canal, 231 foramen, 231 fossa, 186 joint, 1316 notch, 232




INDEX


1745


Mandible, 229 angle of, 232 base, 231 body, 229 changes in age, 234 condyloid process, 233 coronoid process, 232 development, 234 lingula, 231 ossification of, 234 structure, 234 symphysis of, 229 Mantle layer of cord, 54, 1437 Manubrium sterni, 161 Marginal layer of cord, 54, 1437 sinus of placenta, 106, no tubercle of zygomatic, 220 Marrow, 121 Massa intermedia, 1534 Masseter muscle, 1301 Masseteric artery, 1307 nerve, 1309 Mastoid air-cells, 188 emissary vein, 1608 foramen, 187, 259 lymphatic glands, 1161 notch, 187, 258 process of temporal, 187 Maternal connections of foetus, 104 Maturation of ovum, 19 Maxilla, 211

alveolar process, 214 body, 211

development of, 277 frontal process, 214 ossification of, 218 palatine process, 215 structure of, 217 zygomatic process, 214 Maxillary processes—

of inferior nasal concha, 223 of palatine, 226 of zygomatic, 220 sinus, 217

Meatus, auditory, external, 193, 1671

bloodvessels of, 1672 early condition of, 1672 lymphatics, 1672 nerves of, 1672 internal, 190, 264 definition, 115 inferior, 1357 middle, 1357 of nasal fossae, 250 superior, 1356

Medial and median, definition, 122 Median artery, 478 , 498, 516 basilic vein, 450 cephalic vein, 450 nerve in arm, 458

digital branches of, 489 in forearm, 480 in hand, 489 lateral root of, 432


Median artery, medial root of, 423

palmar cutaneous branch of, 466, 481

summary of, 490 vein, 448

deep, 450

Mediastinal space, ion Mediastinum, 1003, ion anterior, 1006, 1013 middle, 1006, 1015 superior, 1006, 1012 testis, 750

Medulla oblongata, 1443, 1451 central canal of, 1446 development of, 1581 grey matter of, 1456 structure, internal, of, 1456 white matter of, 1462 Medullary cords in gonads, 100 groove, 34

laminae of nucleus lentiformis, 1528 * 1538

rays of kidney, 901 ridges, 34 spaces, 118 vela, 1485, 1491 Megakaryocytes, 121 Megaseme, 269 Membrana eboris, 284, 287 flaccida, 1676, 1677 granulosa, 982 limitans retinae, 1654 nictitans, 1292 propria, 1688 pupillaris, 1652 sacciformis, 315, 521 tectoria, 1407

of cochlea, 1693 Membrane or membranes—

atlanto-occipital, 1406, 1407 basilar, 1690 cell, 9

crico-vocal, 1384 intercostal, 994, 995 interosseous, of arm, 521 of leg, 660 nuclear, 8, 9 obturator, 993 perineal, 683

secondary, of tympanum, 1677 suprapleural, 1007, 1246 thyro-hyoid, 1384 tympanic, 1675 vestibular, 1690 Membranous labyrinth, 1687 Meningeal arteries, 1599 veins, 1601

Meninges of brain, 1598

of spinal cord, 1410 •*»

Menstruation, 19 Mental foramen, 229, 245 nerve, 1277 , 1313 point, 244, 268 protuberance, 229 tubercle, 229


no





1746


INDEX


Mentalis muscle, 1271 Mercier, bar of, 951 Meridian of eyeball, 1641 Meroblastic ova, 25 Mesaticephalic skulls, 243, 269 Mesencephalon, 1547 Mesenchyme, 112 Mesenteric artery, inferior, 801 superior, 796 hernia, 786

lymphatic glands, inferior, 802 superior, 789 plexus, inferior, 811 superior, 809 vein, inferior, 802 superior, 798 windows, 787

Mesentery, definition of, 780 primitive dorsal, 79, 793 ventral, 61, 79 proper, 786

ventral gastro-duodenal, 793 of vermiform appendix, 787 Mesoblast, 22, 26 Mesocardium, 90 Mesocephalic skulls, 268 Meso-colon, pelvic, 787 transverse, 787, 794 Mesoderm, 22

chorionic, 30, 33 covering fore-brain, 56 of visceral arches, 68 embryonic, 33 formation of, 26 gastral, 36 intra-embryonic, 30 lateral sheet of, 40, 41 paraxial, 40, 41 primitive, 26 prostomial, 36 somatic, 41 splanchnic, 41

structures derived from, 112 Meso-gastrium, 793 Mesognathion, 218 Mesognathous skulls, 244, 269 Mesonephros, 92, 94, 91^ Mesorchium, 740 Mesorhine skulls, 269 Meso-salpinx, 968 Mesoseme, 269 Mesothelium, 112 Mesovarium, 968 Metacarpal arteries, dorsal, 511 palmar, 498 bone, first, 323

Metacarpo-phalangeal joints, 527 Metacarpus, 323

ossification of, 329 as a whole, 327 Metakinesis, 10 Metanephros, 92, 94, 910 Metatarsal arteries, dorsal, 613 first plantar, 657 Metatarso-phalangeal joints, 671


Metatarsus, 378

ossification of, 386 varieties of, 384 as a whole, 384 Metathalamus, 1538 Metopic suture, 238 Meynert, ganglion of, 1544 Microcephalic skulls, 268 Microseme, 269 Mid-gut, 45, 61 Mid-tarsal joints, 665 Mitral cells, 1570 orifice, 1156

position of, 1064 valve, 1061

Moderator band of heart, 1057 Modiolus, 1686 Molar glands, 1272 teeth, 280

Molecular layer of cerebellum, "i486 Mons pubis, 692 Montgomery, glands of, 415 Morbus cseruleus, 1085 Morgagni, sinus of, 1370 Morphology, 1

of intrinsic muscles of hand, 515 Morula, 22

Moss-fibres of Cajal, 1488 Mouth cavity, 1335

development of, 86 I proper, 1336

vestibule of, 1336 Movable kidney, 822 Movements of joints, 395 Multifidus muscle, 409 Munzer, bundle of, 1558 Muscles—

abductor digiti minimi— foot, 646 hand, 496 hallucis, 644

ossis metatarsi quinti, 643 pollicis brevis, 493 longus, 505 adductor brevis, 577 hallucis, 649 longus, 576 magnus, 577 minimus, 578 pollicis, 494, 496 anconeus, 500 antitragicus, 1296 articularis genu, 573 ary-epiglotticus, 1394 arytenoideus, 1393 obliquus, 1393 transversus, 1394 auricularis, anterior, 1160 posterior, 1160 superior, 1160 of Bell, 951 biceps brachii, 452 femoris, 542 biventer cervicis, 407 brachialis, 452



INDEX


17 47


Muscles ( continued )— brachio-radialis, 501 buccinator, 1269 bulbo-spongiosus, of female, 702 of male, 680 ciliary, 1648 coccygeus, 948 compressor naris, 1267 sacculi laryngis, 1394 venae dorsalis penis, 680 constrictor inferior, of pharynx, 1368 middle, of pharynx, 1368 radicis penis, 680 superior, of pharynx, 1369 coraco-brachialis, 452 corrugator cutis ani, 675 supercilii, 1266 costalis, 405 cremaster, 723

crico-arytenoideus lateralis, T392 posterior, 1392 crico-thyroideus, 1390 dartos, 716 deltoid, 436

depressor alae nasi, 1268 anguli oris, 1270 labii inferioris, 1270 detrusor urnae, 950 diaphragm, 1833

central tendon of, 833 development of, 837 orifices of, 835 digastric, 1227 dilator naris, anterior, 1268 posterior, 1268 pupillae, 1650, 1652 extensor carpi radialis brevis, 502 longus, 501 ulnaris, 503 digiti minimi, 303 digitorum, 302 brevis, 611 longus, 607 hallucis brevis, 611 longus, 606 indicis, 506 pollicis brevis, 305 longus, 505 flexor accessorius, 647 carpi radialis, 470 ulnaris, 470 digiti minimi, 496

brevis, 650 digitorum brevis, 645 longus, 621 profundus, 481 sublimis, 470 hallucis brevis, 648 longus, 623 pollicis brevis, 494 longus, 482, 496 gastrocnemius, 617 gemellus inferior, 535 superior, 535 genio-glossus, 1230


Muscles ( continued )— genio-hyoid, 1230 gluteus maximus, 531 medius, 532 minimus, 334 quartus, 534 gracilis, 376 hamstring, 542, 544 helicis major, 1296 minor, 1296 hyo-glossus, 1231 iliacus, 842 ilio-capsularis, 842 ilio-costalis, 404 ilio-costo-cervicalis, 404 ilio-psoas, 571 infraspinatus, 437 intercostal, external, 994 internal, 995 intercostales intimi, 996 interosseous, of foot, 650 of hand, 494, 512 interspinales, 410 intertransversales, 410 ischio-cavernosus, of female, 702 of male, 679

of larynx, intrinsic, 1390 latissimus dorsi, 399 » 439 levator anguli oris, 1268 ani, 947

glandulae thyroidae, 1221 labii superioris, 1268

alaeque nasi, 1267 palati, 1353, 1378 palpebrae superioris, 1247 prostatae, 947 scapulae, 400 levatores costarum, 410 longiores, 411 longissimus, 406 capitis, 406 cervicis, 406

longitudinalis linguae inferior, 1346 superior, 1346 longus, capitis, 1397 cervicis, 1398 lumbricales, of foot, 648 of hand, 492 masseter, 1301 of mastication, 1301 mentaiis, 1271 multifidus, 409 mylo-hyoid, 1229 obliquus auriculae, 1297 capitis inferior, 1150 superior, 1150 externus abdominis, 717 inferior, of eye, 1251 internus abdominis, 722 superior, of eye, 1250 obturator externus, 579 internus, 535, 949 occipito-frontalis, 1154 omo-hyoid, 1200

inferior belly of, 402, 437





1748


INDEX


Muscles ( continued )—

opponens digiti minimi, 496 pollicis, 494 orbicularis ciliaris, 1647 oculi, 1264

lacrimal part, 1265 orbital part, 1264 palpebral part, 1265 oris, 1271

palato-glossus, 1351 palato-pharyngeus, 1352 palmaris brevis, 484 longus, 470, 487 papillary, 1057 pectineus, 571 pectoralis major, 418 minor, 420

perinaeum, deep, transverse muscle of, 681 peroneus brevis, 617 longus, 613 tertius, 607 plantaris, 620 platysma, 1175 popliteus, 621 prevertebral, 1397 procerus, 1267 pronator quadratus, 482 teres, 469, 470 psoas major, 841 minor, 842

pterygoid, lateral, 1302 medial, 1304 pubo-vesical, 922 pyramidalis, 727 pyriformis, 534, 948 quadratus femoris, 535 lumborum, 843 quadriceps femoris, 572, 573 rectus abdominis, 726 capitis anterior, 1397 lateralis, 1397 posterior major, 1149 minor, 1150 femoris, 572 inferior, of eye, 1249 lateralis, of eye, 1249 medialis, of eye, 1249 superior, of eye, 1249 of respiration, 1115 rhomboideus major, 401 minor, 401 risorius, 1269 rotatores, 410 sacro-spinalis, 404 salpingo-pharyngeus, 1378 sartorius, 568 scalenus anterior, 1235 medius, 1236 posterior, 1236 scansorius, 534 semimembranosus, 543 semispinalis capitis, 407 cervicis, 408 thoracis, 408


Muscles ( continued )— semitendinosus, 543 serratus anterior, 401, 434 posterior inferior, 403 superior, 402 of soft palate, 1351 soleus, 619

sphincter ani externus, 675 internus, 961, 963 pupillae, 1650, 1652 urethrae, female, 702 male, 680 vesicae, 950 spinalis, 406

thoracis, 406 splenius, 404 capitis, 404 cervicis, 404 stapedius, 1680 sternalis, 420 sterno-costalis, 1002 sterno-hyoid, 1201 sterno-mastoid, 1145, 1182 sterno-thyroid, 1201 stylo-glossus, 1232 stylo-hyoid, 1228 , 1272 stylo-pharyngeus, 1323 subanconeus, 459 subclavius, 421 subcostal, 995 subscapularis, 440 supinator, 504 supraspinatus, 437 temporalis, 1302 tensor fasciae latae, 570 palati, 1353 , 1378 tympani, 1680 teres major, 439 minor, 438

thyro-arytenoideus, 1392 thyro-epiglotticus, 1392, 1394 thyro-hyoid, 1201 tibialis anterior, 606 posterior, 622 of tongue, intrinsic, 1346 tragicus, 1296 transversus abdominis, 724 auriculae, 1296 linguae, 1346 superficialis perinaei, 678 thoracis, 996 trapezius, 398

in neck, 1144 triceps brachii, 458 , 501 vastus intermedius, 573 lateralis, 572 medialis, 573 verticalis linguae, 1346 vocalis, 1392 zygomaticus major, 1269 minor, 1268 Musculi pectinati, 1054 Musculo-cutaneous nerve of arm, 432, 458 of leg, 604

Musculus-uvulae, 1352





INDEX


1749


Myelinization in cord, 1440 Myeloplasm, 53 Myenteric plexus, 863, 869 Mylo-hyoid groove, 232 line, 231 muscle, 1229 Myocardium, 1068 structure of, 1072 Myotomes of visceral arches, 1375

Nabothi, ovula, 985 Nasal bones, 221 crest, 222

development of, 277 ossification of, 222 capsule, 86, 1363 conchse, inferior, 223 middle, 209 superior, 209 crest of maxilla, 216 of palatine, 225 folds, 83 fossae, 248, 1356

arteries of, 1361 development of, 83, 85, 1363 lymphatics of, 1363 nerves of, 1360 groove, 208 index, 269

mucous membrane, 1359 notch of frontal, 181 part of maxilla, 212 of pharynx, 1371 pits, 83

process of frontal, 181 septum, osseous, 248 slit, 207, 250, 261 spine of frontal, 181 posterior, 225 Nasion, 240, 244, 268 Naso-lacrimal canal, 248 duct, 1294

Naso-pharyngeal tonsil, 1373 Natal cleft, 529 Navicular bone, 372

ossification, 378 tuberosity of, 373, 388, 641 varieties, 373

Naviculo-cuboid joint, 668 Neck, landmarks of, 1172 N 41 aton's line, 552 Neopallium, 1592 Nephric tubules, 93 Nephrocoele, 93 Nephrostome, 93 Nerves—

of abdominal wall, deep, 728 abducent. See Cranial nerves accessory. See Cranial nerves accessory obturator, 580, 847 to anconeus, 461 ansa hypoglossi, 1206 subclavia, 1335 auditory. See Cranial nerves auricular, great, 1142 , 1278


Nerves ( continued )—

auricular, posterior, 1160, 1272 of vagus, 1161 , 1328, 1672,

1677

auriculo-temporal, 1157, 1277,

1311

bigeminus, 928 brachial plexus, 439, 1193

infraclavicular branches, 431 in neck, 1193

supraclavicular branches,

43 °> 1194 buccal, 1277, 1310 of facial, 1274 carotico-tympanic, 1404 cervical branches of facial, 1275 plexus, 1185 branches, deep, 1188

superficial, 1141, 1187 spinal, posterior rami, 1142, 1152

chorda tympani, 1347, 1402 , 1619 as pretrematic nerve, 69 ciliary, long, 1256 circumflex, 432 , 436 coccygeal, 530, 928, 929 cochlear, 1404, 1693 cutaneous nerves. See also Cutaneous nerves

of arm, lateral, 448

medial, 432, 448, 457 posterior, 448, 460 of calf, lateral, 551 of forearm, lateral, 448 medial, 432, 448 , 457 posterior, 448

of ilio-hypogastric, anterior, 710 lateral, 531, 728 of neck, anterior, 1143, 1187 palmar, of median, 466, 481 of ulnar, 466, 477 perforating, of sacral plexus, 931 of subcostal, lateral, 531, 728 of thigh, intermediate, 555 lateral, 534, 564, 846 medial, 556 of ulnar, 448, 466, 499 dental, inferior, 1311 of maxillary—

anterior superior, 1319,1361 middle, 1320 posterior, 1320 digastric, 1272 digital, of foot, 652, 654 of hand, 489, 499 dorsal, of penis, 691 dorso-lumbar, 844 of dura mater, 1601 ethmoidal, anterior, 1361 posterior, 1257 of face, 1272

facial. See Cranial nerves femoral, 575, 846 branches of, 576 frontal, 1254



175 o


INDEX


Nerves ( continued )—

furcalis, 847, 928, 931 genicular, 550, 580, 637 genito-femoral, 554, 846

femoral branch of, 554 , 846 genital branch of, 846 glosso-pharyngeal. See Cranial nerves

gluteal, inferior, 539, 930 superior, 539, 930 haemorrhoidal, inferior, 675, 691 hypoglossal. See Cranial nerves ilio-hypogastric, 728, 845 cutaneous branches—anterior, 710 lateral, 531, 728 ilio-inguinal, 554, 845, 729 incisive, of inferior dental, 1313 infra-orbital, 1276, 1319 infratrochlear, 1256, 1276 intercostal, 996, 1099 branches of, 997 lower five, 728 intercosto-brachial, 433 , 447 interosseous, anterior, 481

of nerve to popliteus, 550 posterior, 506 lacrimal, 1254 , 1276 laryngeal, external, 1329, 1395 internal, 1329, 1395 recurrent, 1044, 1045, 1330,1395 superior, 1329, 1395 to latissimus, dorsi, 431 lingual, 1313 , 1347 lumbo-sacral trunk, 847 mandibular, 1168, 1309 distribution, 1616 summary of, 1316 masseteric, 1309 maxillary, 1168, 1319

branches of, 1259, 1319 distribution of, 1616 summary of, 1323 median, in arm, 458

branches of, 459, 481 digital branches of, 489 in forearm, 480 in hand, 489 lateral root of, 432 . medial root of, 432 palmar cutaneous branch of, 466, 481

summary of, 490 meningeal, 1168 mental, 1277 , 1313 musculo-cutaneous, of arm, 432, 458 of leg, 604 mylo-hyoid, 1312 nasal nerves—

of greater palatine, 1361 of infra-orbital, 1276 of spheno-palatine ganglion, 1360 naso-ciliary, 1255 nutrient, to fibula, 627 to radius, 481


Nerves ( continued )—

nutrient, to tibia, 550 to ulna, 481

obturator, 557, 579, 846 accessory, 580, 847 genicular branch of, 580 to obturator internus, 539, 930 occipital, greater, 1141, 1152 lesser, 1142 third, 1142, 1152 ophthalmic, 1254, 1258 distribution, 1616 optic. See Cranial nerves palatine, greater, 1322, 1338, lesser, 1322

palmar cutaneous, of median, 466, 481

of ulnar, 466, 477 patellar plexus, 557 pectoral, 431

pelvic splanchnics, 930, 947 of penis, dorsal, 691 perforating cutaneous, 931 perineal, 691

deep branch of, 691 of fourth sacral, 675, 932 long, 691

to peroneus tertius, 610 petrosal, deep, 1404

external, 1169, 1402, 1403 superficial, greater, 1168, 1401 lesser, 1169, 1402, 1403 pharyngeal plexus, 1329

of spheno-palatine ganglion, 1321 of vagus, 1329 phrenic, in neck, 430, 1189 in thorax, 1015 plantar, lateral, 653 medial, 652

popliteal, lateral, 550 , 931 medial, 550 , 931 to popliteus, 550 post- and pre-trematic, 69 of pterygoid canal, 1321, 1360 pudendal, 690, 704, 931 to pyriformis, 930 to quadratus femoris, 540, 930 radial, 433

in arm, 459

cutaneous branches of, 433, 460, 467

in forearm, 475

muscular branches of, 433, 460, 461

rami communicantes, 1635 in abdomen, 838 cervicales, 1189, 1206 in neck, 1334 in pelvis, 947 in thorax, 1104

ramus descendens hypoglossi, 1189,

1205

to rhomboids, 402, 430 , 1194 sacral, 928, 929

posterior rami, 529, 530




INDEX


i75i


Nerves ( continued )— saphenous, 557 sciatic, 540, 544, 931 scrotal, posterior, 691 to serratus anterior, 430, 1194 spinal nerves, origins of, 1418

posterior primary rami of,

4 11 , I 4 1 9 roots of, 1419

thoracic, 1099 spinosus, 1168, 1399 splanchnic, 1105 pelvic, 930, 947 to stapedius, 1402 stylo-hyoid, 1272 to subclavius, 431, 1195 subcostal, 728, 849

lateral cutaneous branch of, 531, 728

suboccipital, 1141, 1152 subsartorial plexus, 431 subscapular, 431 subtrapezial plexus, 399 supraclavicular, 412, 1144 supra-orbital, 1153 , 1254, 1276 suprascapular, 431, 438, 1195 supratrochlear, 1154 , 1254, 1276 sural, 550, 615

communicating, 551 sympathetic trunk in abdomen, 838 ganglia of—

cervical, inferior, 1335 middle, 1334 superior, 1333 impar, 946 in neck, 1333 , 1335

cardiac branches, 1334, 1335

constitution of, 1335 in pelvis, 946 plexuses—

aortic, 811 cardiac, 1046 carotid, internal, 1170 coeliac, 807, 809 coronary, 1048 diaphragmatic, 809 gastric, 809 hepatic, 809 hypogastric, 811, 922 mesenteric, inferior, 811 superior, 809 ovarian, 811 pelvic, 922 phrenic, 809 renal, 809 splenic, 809 suprarenal, 809 testicular, 811 in thorax, 1104 temporal, deep, 1309, 1311 tentorii, 1168 thoracic, spinal, 1099

anterior rami, 996 to thyro-hyoid, 1206


Nerves ( continued )—

tibial, anterior, 610, 614 posterior, 627 of tongue, 1347 trochlear. See Cranial nerves tympanic, 1325 ulnar, 432

in arm, 458

cutaneous branches of, 448, 466, 499

deep division of, 499 digital branches of, 499 dorsal branch of, 467 in forearm, 480 in hand, 499

palmar cutaneous branch of, 466,

477

vagus. See Cranial nerves vestibular, 1404, 1622, 1693 in visceral arches, 69, 1121 zygomatic, 1319 zygomatico-facial, 1259, 1277 zygomatico - temporal, 1158, 1259,

1276

Nerve-plexuses—

annularis, of cornea, 1645

aortic, 811

brachial, 429, 1193

buccal, 1275, 1277

cardiac, deep and superficial, 1046

carotid, internal, 1170

cervical, 1185

coccygeal, 531, 931

coeliac, 807, 809

coronary, 1048

diaphragmatic, 809

gastric, 809

hepatic, 809

hypogastric, 811, 922

infra-orbital, 1274, 1276

intra-epithelial, of eye, 1645

lumbar, 844

mesenteric, inferior, 811 superior, 809 myenteric, 863, 869 oesophageal, 1043, 1087 ovarian, 811 parotid, 1273 patellar, 557 pelvic, 922 pharyngeal, 1329 phrenic, 809 , t

pudendal, 929 pulmonary, 1043, 1045 renal, 809 sacral, 928 splenic, 809

subepithelial, of eye, 1645 of submucosa of small intestine,

863, 869

subsartorial, 558 subtrapezial, 399 suprarenal, 809 testicular, 811 tympanic, 1325





T 75 2


INDEX


Nerve-roots, 1419 Nervous system, 1410

development, 53 Neural canal, 40 crest, 54 groove, 34, 40 tube, 42, 53

Neurenteric canal, 34, 35, 37 Neuroblasts, 54, 1438 Neuro-central lip, 126 synchondrosis, 142 Neuroglia of spinal cord, 1410 Nictitans, membrana, 1292 Nigra, substantia, 1539, 1560 Node, atrio-ventricular, 1071 sino-atrial, 1070 Nodules of aortic valve, 1063 Normal, definition of, 5 Nose, 1298

cartilages of, 1298 development of, 83, 1363 lymphatics of, 1298, 1363 nerves of, 1360 Notch or notches— acetabular, 340 carotid, 200

cystic, of liver, 756, 777 ethmoidal, of frontal, 182 fibular, of tibia, 363 frontal, 181 intercondylar, 353 interlobar, of liver, 777 jugular, 176 mandibular, 232 mastoid, 187, 258 nasal, 212

of frontal, 181 of maxilla, 221 parietal, 188 pre-occipital, 1499 sciatic, greater and lesser, 340 spheno-palatine, 228 spino-glenoid, 294 supra-orbital, 181, 247 suprasternal, 162 trochlear, of ulnar, 312 tympanic, 1673 umbilical, of liver, 777 Notochord, 23, 39 , 167 in vertebras, 59 Notochordal groove, 35, 167 Nuchae, ligamentum, 399, 1144 Nuchal flexure, 58 furrow, 1141 groove, 397

Nuck, canal of, 743, 744, 969 Nuclear membrane, 9, 15 reticulum, 9, 15 Nuclein, 9 Nucleolus, 9, 15 Nucleoplasm, 8 Nucleus or nuclei— abducent, 1473 accessory, 1628 ambiguous, 1626 , 1626, 1627


Nucleus or nuclei ( continued )— amygdaloid, 1524, 1632 arcuate, 1462 caudatus, 1526 of cell, 9, 15 cochlear, 1620 cuneatus, 1460 dentate, 1485 emboliformis, 1485 of facial nerve, motor, 1472, 1617 sensory, 1619

of fasciculis solitarius, 1619, 1626

globosus, 1485

gracilis, 1459

hypoglossal, 1629

of lateral lemniscus, 1475

lateralis, 1462

lentiformis, 1526

oculo-motor, 1561, 1611

olivary, 1461, 1472

pontis, 1469, 1470

pulposus, 1107, 1108

red, 1539, 1553

subthalamic, 1540

thoracici, 1424, 1425

of trapezium, 1471

of trigeminal nerve —

mesencephalic root of, 1561, 1615 motor of, 1474, 1615 pontine, 1474

sensory of, 1472, 1474, 1615 trochlear, 1561 , 1614 vago-pharyngeal, dorsal, 1624 vestibular, 1622 Nutrient arteries— of femur, 587 of fibula, 626 of humerus, 455, 456 of radius, 478 of tibia, 626 of ulna, 478 Nutrient foramina— of clavicle, 290 of fibula, 366 of humerus, 300 of radius, 307, 311 of ribs, 157 of scapula, 295 of tibia, 361 of ulna, 314 nutrient nerves— to fibula, 627 to radius, 481 to tibia, 550 ' to ulna, 481

Obelion, 238, 243, 268 Obex, 1490

Oblique cord of forearm, 521 ligament of Cooper, 518 Obliquus capitis inferior, 1150 superior, 1150 externus abdominis, 717 inferior, of eye, 1251 internus abdominis, 722





INDEX


1753


Obliquus, superior, of eye, 1250 Oblongata, medulla, 1443, 1451 Obstetrical hinge-joint, 177 Obturator artery, 589, 925 , 927 abnormal, 566 canal, 579, 993 crest, 340

externus muscle, 579 fascia, 920 foramen, 340 groove, 340

internus muscle, 535, 949 nerve to, 539, 93° membrane, 993 nerve, 557, 579, 846 accessory, 580 , 847 Occipital artery, first part, 1218 second part, 1146 third part, 1146 bone, 172

condyles, 175, 258 crests of, 174, 259, 264 ossification of, 177 point, 243, 268

protuberance, 172, 174, 243, 1141 varieties, 176 groove, 258 lobe of brain, 1148 lymphatic glands, 1148 nerve, greater, 1141 , 1152 lesser, 1142 third, 1142 , 1152 point, 243, 268

protuberance, external, 172, 243, 1141 sinus, 1606 triangle, 1184 veins, 1148 venous plexus, 1147 Occipito-axial ligaments, 1407 Occipito-frontalis, 1154 Ocular appendages, 1289 Oculo-motor nerve, 1165, 1253, 1446 nucleus, 1561, 1611 Odontoblasts, 284, 287 Odontoid process of axis, 131 (Esophagus, cervical part of, 1227 development of, 66, 78, 1088 lymphatics of, 1088 structure of, 1088 thoracic part of, 1087 Olecranon, 312 bursa, 447 fossa, 304 rete, 479

Olfactorium, trigonum, 1511 Olfactory apparatus, development of, 1511 bulb, 1165, 1510 , 1570 structure of, 1570 capsule, 271, 276 foramina; 261 groove of ethmoid, 207 of sphenoid, 197 lobe, 1510

mucous membrane, 1359 nerves, 1165, 1360 ? i6ji


[ Olfactory organ, 271

tract, 1445, 1511 , 1570 Olivary nuclei, 1461, 1472 Olive of medulla, 1453, 1454 Omentale, tuber, of liver, 774 of pancreas, 807 Omentalis, bursa, 79, 81 Omentum, definition of, 779 greater, 756, 784 lesser, 785 Omo-hyoid, 1200

inferior belly of, 402, 437 Ontogeny, 7 Oocyte, 13, 14, 16, 17 Oogenesis, 16 Oogonia, 13, 16 Opening into lesser sac, 790 saphenous, 551, 561 , 707 to tympanic antrum, 188, 1681 Openings in diaphragm, 835 Opercula insulae, 1506 Operculum, frontal, 1498 fronto-parietal, 1498 orbital, 1498 Ophryon, 244, 268 Ophthalmic artery, 1170, 1259

nerve, 1168, 1254, 1258, 1616 veins, 1261 Opisthion, 258, 268 Opisthotic centre, 195 Opponens digiti minimi, 496 pollicis, 494 Optic chiasma, 1545 cup, 1666, 1668 disc of retina, 1653 foramen, 200, 245, 247, 261 groove, 197, 261 nerve, 1545

development of, 1668 in orbit, 1253 origin, deep, 1611 superficial, 1446 radiation, 1547 , 1566, 1568 recess, 1545 stalk, 1665, 1668 tract, 1445, 1545 vesicle, 1664 Oral fissure, 1337 Ora serrata of retina, 1652 structure of, 1658 Orbicularis ciliaris, 1647 oculi, 1264, 1265 oris, 1271 Orbit, 245

contents of, 1247 fascia of, 1252

Orbital area of cerebrum, 1493 fascia, 1252 fissure, inferior, 247 superior, 247 index, 269

plate of ethmoid, 208 of frontal, 182 of maxilla, 213 process of zygomatic, 219



1754


INDEX


Organ, spiral, 1691 Organogeny, 48 Orifice or orifices— aortic, 1062 of bladder, 951 cardiac, topography of, 1064 of coronary sinus, 1055 mitral, 1061

oesophageal, of stomach, 760, 761 pulmonary, 1059 pyloric, 760 tricuspid, 1055, 1057 urethral—

female, 695 male, 715, 938 of vagina, external, 695 vena cava, inferior, 1054 superior, 1054

Oropharyngeal isthmus, 1350 Orthognathous skulls, 244, 269 Os centrale, 322 dentatum, 133 japonicum, 221 pubis, 331 trigonum, 370 of uterus, external, 974 internal, 976 Ossa suturarum, 265 Ossification of bones, 119 centres, 119 law of, 304 of named bones—of atlas, 142 of axis, 143 of carpal bones, 322 of clavicle, 292 of coccyx, 151 of ethmoid, 211 of femur, 354 of fibula, 367 of hip bone, 341 of humerus, 305 of lacrimal, 223 of maxillae, 218 of metacarpals, 329 of metatarsals, 386 of nasal, 222

concha, inferior, 224 of occipital, 177 of palatine, 228 of phalanges of foot, 386 of hand, 386 of radius, 311 of sacrum, 149 of scapula, 298 of sphenoid, 205 of sternum, 164 of tarsal bones, 378 of temporal, 195 of tibia, 363 of ulna, 315 of vomer, 229 of zygomatic, 221

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts, 120, 121 Osteogenic fibres, 120


Ostium abdominale, 19, 972 Otic capsule, 75, 272 ganglion, 1314 Otoconia, 1688

Ovarian follicles, vesicular, 982 plexus, nervous, 811 venous, 979 pregnancy, 19 Ovary, 969

abnormal positions of, 104, 971 descent of, 970 development of, 100, 980 ligament of, 970, 982 suspensory, of, 970 ovulation in, 18, 19 structure of, 98 Ovocentre, 21 Ovulation, 18, 19 Ovum, 8, 14 , 16

fertilization of, 20 growth in pregnancy, 105 maturation of, 19 segmentation of, 21 transit to uterus, 19


Pacinian bodies of foot, 653 of hand, 490 Palate folds, 84 soft, 1350

development of, 86, 1354 glands of, 1351 muscles of, 1351 nerves of, 1354 relation to structures in, 1354 Palatine arteries—

ascending, 1217 of ascending pharyngeal, 1220 greater, 1308 , 1338, 1362 lesser, 1308 bones, 224

development of, 277 foramina of, 226 ossification of, 228 tubercle of, 226 nerves, 1322, 1338 Palatino-vaginal canal, 199 Palato-glossal arches, 1350 Palato-glossus, 1351 Palato-pharyngeal arches, 1350 Palato-pharyngeus, 1351 Pallidus, globus, 1528 Palmar aponeurosis, 484

arch, deep, 484, 497, 499

superficial, 483, 484, 498 cutaneous branch of median, 466, 481 of ulnar, 466, 477 metacarpal arteries, '498 space, 492

Palmaris brevis, 484 longus, 470, 487 Palpebral arteries, 1260, 1281 Pampiniform plexus, 738 Pancreas, 806

blood^supply, 893





INDEX


1755


Pancreas connections, position and relations of, 806 development of, 80, 894 lymphatics of, 893 structure of, 891 tuber omentale of, 807 Pancreatic duct, 892

accessory, 892 Panniculus carnosus, 1175 Papilla, duodena], 865 lacrimalis, 1289 Papillae of tongue, 1344 Paracentral lobule, 1499 Parachordal cartilages, 271 Paradidymis, 750 Parafloccular fossa, 191 Paraflocculus, 1481 Paraganglia, 1105 Paramesonephric duct, 101, 987 Parametrium, 974 Paranasal sinuses, 250

development of, 1364 Pararectal recess, 919 Parasympathetic system, 1410, 1639 cranial, 1639 sacral, 1640

Parathyroid glands, 1223

development of, 76 Paravesical recess, 919 Paraxial mesoderm, 40, 41 Parietal bones, 178

ossification of, 180 varieties of, 180 eminence, 178, 1633 foramen, 179, 243 notch of temporal, 188 Paroccipital process, 176 Paroophoron, 971

development of, 754, 987 Parotid duct, 1287 gland, 1284

development of, 1289 structure of, 1288 lymphatic glands, 1283 plexus, 1273 Pars iridica retinae, 1650 Patella, 355

ossification of, 357 structure, 356 Patellar plexus, 557 retinacula, 629 Pectineus muscle, 571 Pectoral lymphatic glands, 424, 434 nerves, 431 region, 412 ridge, 300

Pectoralis major, 418 minor, 420

Pedicles of vertebrae, 128 Pelvic fascia in female, visceral, 968 in male, parietal, 919 visceral, 921

Pelvis, 914

axes of, 344

bony, 342


Pelvis, brim of, 342 of child, 345 contents of, 915 diameters, 342 false, 342 female, 965

peritoneum, 966 viscera, position of, 966 inclination, 344 inlet, 342 of kidney, 907 male, 916

peritoneum of, 917 viscera, position of, 916 measurements of, 345 outlet, 344

sexual differences of, 345 true, 342 Penis, 712

angle of, 942 bulb of, 682, 953 composition of, 714 corona glandis, 712, 715 corpora cavernosa, 953 corpus spongiosum, 953 coverings of, 712 crus, 682

fascial sheath of, 713 frenulum of, 713 glans, 715 prepuce, 713 septum of, 953 structure of, 953 suspensory ligament of, 713 Perforaculum, 13

Perforating arteries of foot, 613, 657 of hand, 498 of profunda femoris, 586 cutaneous nerve, 931 Pericardium, 1017

development of, 46, 67, 1019 lymphatics of, 1019 sinus, transverse, of, 1018 structure of, 1019 Perichoroidal lymph space, 1643 Pericranium, 1157 Perilymph of internal ear, 1687 Perilymphatic duct, 193 Perineal body, female, 701 male, 681 fascia, 675 fold, 957

membrane, 683, 701 pouch, 679 triangle, deep, 682 Perineum, female, 692, 701 male, 674

Periodontal membrane, 287 Periosteum, 121

Periotic cartilaginous capsules, 195 Perirenal capsule, 818 Peritoneum, 779

course of transverse, 782 vertical, 780 development of, 81, 795



1756


x INDEX


Peritoneum in foetus, 793 folds of, 744, 792 ligaments, 788 mesenteries, 786 omenta, 784 fossae, 744, 791 parietal, 744 pelvic, in female, 966 in male, 917 primitive, of testis, 741 recesses of, 791, 919 sac, greater, 789

lesser, 81, 785, 790 structure of, 795 Perivascular spaces, 1436 Peroneal artery, 610, 626 retinaculum, 601 tubercle, 372, 388 Peroneus brevis, 617 longus, 615 tertius, 607

Perpendicular plate, ethmoid, 208 of palatine, 214 Pes hippocampi, 1525 Petrosal process, posterior, 198 sinus, inferior, 1607 superior, 1606

Petro-sphenoid ligament, 193 Pfliiger, cords of, 753 Phalanges of foot, 384, 385 ossification of, 386 of hand, 329

ossification of, 329 Pharyngeal artery, ascending, 1219 bursa, 168, 1373 plexus, 1329 pouches, 70, 76, 1373 recess, 1372 tubercle, 258

Pharyngo-basilar fascia, 1371 Pharyngo-epiglottic folds, 73, 1380 Pharyngo-tympanic canal, 257 " groove, 257 tube, 1378

development of, 73, 74, 1378 Pharynx, 1366

blood-supply of, 1373 development of, 1373 laryngeal part of, 1373 lymphatics of, 1373 muscles of (constrictor), 1368 nasal part of, 1371 oral part of, 1373 Phenozygous skulls, 243 Philtrum, 1336 Phrenic artery, 827

nerve in neck, 430, 1189 in thorax, 1015 Phylogeny, 7 Pia mater, cranial, 1610 spinal, 1414

Pigmentary layer of retina, 1657 Pillars of fornix, 1516, 1517 Pineal body, 1540

development of, 58, 1390


1 Pineal recess, 1534 Pinna, development of, 67, 1697 Pisiform bone, 318, 333

ossification of, 322 joint, 524

Piso-hamate ligament, 473, 524 Piso-metacarpal ligament, 473, 524 Pit for ligament of head of femur, 346 Placenta, 24, 108

formation of, 106 separation of, 107 septa, 109

sinus, marginal, of, 106, no structure of, 108 Plagiocephalus, 270 Plane, intertubercular, 755 subcostal, 755 Plantar aponeurosis, 642 arch, 655, 657 artery, lateral, 655 , 657 medial, 654 , 657 ligament, long, 667 short, 667 nerve, lateral, 653 medial, 652 triangle, 650 Plantaris, 620 Planum temporale, 178 Plasmodi-trophoblast, 27 Plasmodium in embedding of ovum, 27 Platycnemism, 363 Platymeria, 354 Platyrhine skulls, 269 Platysma, 1175 Pleura, 1005

development of, 78, ion lymphatics of, ion reflection of, 1005 lines of, 1007

Pleural sacs, development of, 78 differences between, ion Plexus, choroid, of fourth ventricle, 1492 of lateral ventricle, 1521

of inferior horn of, 1525

of nerves—

annularis, of cornea, 1645 aortic, 811 brachial, 429, 1193 buccal, 1275, 1277 cardiac, deep and superficial, 1046

carotid, internal, 1170 cervical, 1185 coccygeal, 531, 931 coeliac, 807, 809 coronary, 1048 diaphragmatic, 809 gastric, 809 hepatic, 809 hypogastric, 811, 922 infra-orbital, 1274, 1276 intra-epithelial, of eye, 1645 lumbar, 844

mesenteric, inferior, 811 superior, 809





INDEX


1757


Plexus of nerves ( continued )— myenteric, 863, 869 oesophageal, 1043, 1087 ovarian, 811 parotid, 1273 patellar, 557 pelvic, 922 pharyngeal, 1329 phrenic, 809 pudendal, 929 pulmonary, 1043, 1045 renal, 809 sacral, 928 splenic, 809

subepithelial, of eye, 1645 of submucosa of small intestine, 863, 869 subsartorial, 558 subtrapezial, 399 suprarenal, 809 testicular, 811 tympanic, 1325 of veins—

dorsal, of foot, 610 of hand, 467 spinous, 1435 occipital, 1147 ovarian, 979 pampiniform, 738 prostatic, 952 pterygoid, 1308 suboccipital, 1152 vesical, 952 Plica fimbriata, 1343

semilunaris of conjunctiva, 1289, 1292

sublingualis, 1336 Plicae villosae, 858 Point, alveolar, 244, 268 auricular, 251, 268 jugal, 251, 268 mental, 244, 268 nasal, 240, 244, 268 occipital, 243, 268 pre-auricular, 1629 Rolandic, inferior, 1633 superior, 1633 subnasal, 244, 268 Sylvian, 1632 Polar bodies, 16, 17 Pollicis, abductor brevis, 493 longus, 505 adductor, 494, 496 dorsalis artery, 511 extensor brevis, 505 longus, 505 flexor brevis, 494 longus, 482, 496 opponens, 494 princeps artery, 487, 497 Pons of brain, 1444, 1468 hepatis, 775, 777 Pontine flexure, 57 Pontis, cisterna, 1609 Poto-bulbar body, 1584


Popliteal artery, 541, 546

genicular branches, 548 fascia, 546 fossa, 541, 545 groove, 352 lymphatic glands, 551 nerve, lateral, 550 , 931 Popliteal nerve, medial, 550 , 93 i vein, 546, 549 Popliteus, 621 nerve to, 550 Porta hepatis, 775 Portal canals, 885 sinus, 816 vein, 816 , 885 Porus opticus, 1653 Position, formal, 3 Post-anal gut, 98 Post-auditory process, 193 Post-axial, definition, 5, 122 Post-glenoid tubercle, 183 Post-trematic nerves, 69 Pouch or pouches—

of epitympanic recess, 1681 perineal, 679 of Rathke, 87 , 206, 1171 recto-uterine, 966 recto-vesical, 918 vesico-uterine, 967 Praecuneus of brain, 1502 Pre-auricular, 1629 Pre-axial, definition, 5, 122 Precervical sinus, 67 Preglenoid tubercle, 186 Pregnancy, extra-uterine, 19 Pre-interparietal bone, 265 Prelaryngeal lymphatic glands, 1199, 1386

Premaxilla, 218, 277 Prepatellar bursa, 554, 640 rete, 548

Prepuce of clitoris, 695 of penis, 713

Pretracheal lymphatic glands, 1199, 1225 Pretrematic nerves, 69 Primitive jugular, 51, 1127 mesoderm, 26 oesophagus, 66 pharynx, 44, 65, 66 floor, 70 segments, 40 streak, 33 , 34

Princeps pollicis artery, 487, 497 Process or processes—

alveolar, of maxilla, 214 angular, medial, 181 articular, 139

auditory, external, of temporal, 194 clinoid, anterior and middle, 200, 261 posterior, 198, 261 condyloid, of mandible, 233 coracoid, 296 coronoid, of mandible, 232 of ulna, 312

costal, of cervical vertebrae, 128





1758


INDEX


Process or processes ( continued )—

ethmoidal, of inferior nasal concha, 223

frontal, of maxilla, 214 of zygomatic, 220 infra-orbital, of zygomatic, 220 jugular, of occipital, 176 , 258 of lacrimal, descending, 222

of inferior nasal concha, 223 mamillary, 139 maxillary—

of inferior nasal concha, 223 of palatine, 226 of zygomatic, 220 nasal, of frontal, 181 odontoid, 131 orbital, of zygomatic, 219 palatine, of maxilla, 215 paroccipital, 176 petrosal, posterior, 198 post-auditory, 195 pterygoid, of sphenoid, 203 sphenoidal, of palatine, 227 spinous, of cervical vertebrae, 127 styloid, of fibula, 364 of radius, 309 of temporal, 194, 257 of ulna, 315 supracondylar, 302 temporal, of zygomatic, 220 transverse, of cervical vertebrae, 128 uncinate, of ethmoid, 210 of pancreas, 806 vaginal, of sphenoid, 198 of temporal, 192, 194 xiphoid, 163

zygomatic, of frontal, 181 of maxilla, 214 of temporal, 185

Processus cochleariformis, 193, 1675 reticularis of spinal cord, 1421 tubarius, 204 Proctodaeum, 698 Profunda brachial artery, 455 femoris artery, 584 , 588 Prognathous skulls, 244, 269 Projection of facial canal, 1674 fibres of cerebrum, 1565 Proligerus, discus, 18, 982 Promontory of middle ear, 1674 of sacrum, 144 Pronator quadratus, 482 teres, 469, 470 Prone, definition, 5 Pronephros, 92, 94 , 912 Pronucleus, female, 8, 16 male, 8

Pro-otic centre, 196 Prostate gland, 937

blood-supply of, 960 development of, 960 lymphatics of, 960 structure of, 959 Prostatic fissure, 937 sinus, 939


Prostatic utricle, 939 Prostomial mesoderm, 36 Protocardiac area, 34 Protoplasm, 8 . Protuberance, mental, 229 occipital, external, 172 internal, 174

Pseudo-ganglion. See Gangliform enlargement Psoas major, 841 minor, 842 sheath, 839

Pterion, 180, 239, 253, 268, 1631 Pterotic centre, 196 Pterygoid canal, 204, 255, 263 artery of, 1308, 1362 nerve of, 1321, 1360 fissure, 203 fossa, 203, 257 hamulus, 204 muscle, lateral, 1302 medial, 1304

plates of sphenoid, 203, 204 development, 277 plexus of veins, 1308 processes, 203 tubercle of sphenoid, 204 Pterygo-mandibular ligament, 1181 Pterygo-maxillary fissure, 253 Pterygo-palatine canal, 227 fissure, 253 fossa, 254

Pterygo-spinous foramen, 203 ligament, 1181 Pubic angle, 339, 552 artery, 731 crest, 339, 552 guide to, 707

relation of structures at, 728 lymphatic glands, 558 symphysis, 992 tubercle, 339

guides to, 551, 706 Pubis, os, 339

Pubo-femoral ligament, 599 Pudendal arteries—

external, deep, 584

superficial, 548, 710 internal, 539, 686, 703, 925 accessory, 689 band, 929 canal, 688 nerve, 690, 704, 931 Pulmonary alveoli, 1028 groove of thorax, 166 orifice of heart, 1059

position of, 1064 outgrowth from foregut, 70, 77 valve of heart, 1059, 1064 Pulvinar of thalamus, 1537 Punctum lacrimale, 1289 Pupil, 1648

Pupillaris, membrana, 1652 Purkinje, cells of, i486 fibres of, 1070


/



INDEX


1759


Pyloric antrum, 760 glands, 859 sphincter, 857, 861 valve, 861 Pylorus, 861

position of, 761 Pyramid of cerebellum, 1480 of medulla, 1452 , 1470 of middle ear, 190, 1765 Pyramidal fibres in mid-brain, 1559 layer of cortex, 1562 lobe of thyroid, 1221 tract, 1565

Pyramids, decussation of, T451, T433 Pyriform fossa, 76, 1373, 1386 Pyriformis, 534, 948

Quadrate lobe of liver, 774 lobule of brain, 1502 Quadratus femoris, 535

nerve to, 540, 930 lumborum, 843 Quadriceps femoris, 572, 573 Quadrigemina, corpora, 1547 Quadrilateral space, 441

Radial artery, 473

first part, 474

recurrent branch of, 475 second part, 509 third part, 497 varieties of, 475, 498 nerve, 433

in arm, 459

cutaneous branches of, 433, 460, 467

in forearm, 475

muscular branches of, 433,

460, 461 vein, 450

Radiata, corona, 1515, I 53 1 of ovum, 14, 19 Radiatio corporis callosi, 1513 Radiation, auditory, 1568 callosal, 1568 optic, 1566, 1568 thalamic, 1567 Radius, 306

grooves of, 309 head of, 306 lines, 307 ossification of, 311 styloid process, 309 tubercle, dorsal, of, 309 tuberosity of, 307 Rami communicantes, 1635 in abdomen, 838 cervicales, 1189, 1206 in neck, 1334 in pelvis, 947 of pubis, 339 in thorax, 1104

Ramus descendens hypoglossi, 1205 of ischium, 338 of mandible, 231


Raphe, palpebral lateral, 1265 scrotal, 716

Rathke, pouch of, 87 , 206, 1171 Rays, medullary, of kidney, 901 Receptive cone, 21 Recess or recesses— cochlear, 1683 elliptical, 1683 epitympanic, 1681

infundibular, of third ventricle, 1533 lateral, of fourth ventricle, 1489 optic, of third ventricle, 1533 peritoneal, duodenal, 791 duodeno-jejunal, 792 inguinal, 745 pararectal, 919 paravesical, 919 pericaecal, 792 sphero-ethmoidal, 1337 suprapineal, 1334 tubo-tympanic, 73 of the utricle, 1687 Rectal arteries, inferior, 963 middle, 925, 963 superior, 802, 963 pits, 961

Recti muscles of eyeball, 1249 Recto-uterine folds, 967 pouch, 966

Recto-vesical pouch, 918 Rectum, ampulla of, 944 blood-supply of, 963 development of, 965 female, 978 flexures of, 944 horizontal folds of, 961 lymphatics of, 964 male, 943

peritoneal relations of, 944 structure of, 960 Rectus abdominis, 726 sheath of, 727 capitis anterior, 1397 lateralis, 1397 posterior major, 1149 minor, 1150 femoris, 572

Recurrent artery, anterior tibial, 609 ulnar, 477

interosseous, posterior, 508 radial, 475

laryngeal nerve, 1044, 1045, 1330 , 1395

Red nucleus, 1539, 1553 Reduction division, 14, 16, 17 Refracting media of eyeball, 1661 Reichert’s cartilage (of second arch), 74, 75, 273, 278 scar, 104

Reid, base line of, 1633 Renal artery, 827

sympathetic plexus, 809 vein, 828

Respiratory apparatus, development of, 1029




INDEX


1760


Rete, carpal, anterior, 478, 479 , 498 cords, 100, 752 olecranon, 479 prepatellar, 548 testis, 751 Retina, 1652

central artery of, 1260, 1658 ciliary part of, 1647 development of, 1667 fovea centralis, 1653, 1658 macula lutea, 1653, 1658 nerve cells of, 1660 optic disc, 1653 ora serrata, 1652, 1658 rods and cones layer, 1656 structure of, 1653 sustentacular fibres of, 1657 Retinaculum or retinacula— of ankle, 601 extensor, of ankle, 603 of hand, 508 flexor, of ankle, 602 of hand, 493 of hip-joint, 393 patella, 629 peroneal, 601

Retro-pharyngeal space, 1179 Retro-pubic cellular tissue, 919 Retzius, cave of, 339 Rhinencephalon, 1512 Rhinion, 240, 244, 268 Rhombencephalon, 1451 Rhomboideus major, 401 minor, 401

Rhomboids, nerve to, 402, 430 Rib, first, 157 second, 158 Ribs, 154

development of, 59, 170 ossification of, 160 varieties, 159 Rider’s bone, 354 Ridge, pectoral, 300

pelvic, transverse, 101 supinator, of ulna, 314 teres, 300

Rima glottidis, 1388 Ring, femoral, 551, 566 guide to, 707 inguinal, deep, 735

guide to, 708 superficial, 551, 720 guide to, 707 Risorius, 1269 Rods of retina, 1656 Rolandic angle, 1633 points, 1633 Roof-plate, 53 Roots of spinal nerves, 1419

development of, 54 Rostrum of corpus callosum, 1514 Rotatores, 410 Rotunda, fossa, 1674 Rotundum, foramen, 201 , 255, 263 Rugarum, columnae, of vagina, 986


Sac, lacrimal, 1293

development of, 1294 peritoneal, greater, 786, 789 lesser, 785, 790

opening into, 790 Saccule of internal ear, 1688 of larynx, 1387

Sacculus endolymphaticus, 1688 Sacral groove, 153

nerves, posterior rami, 528, 530 plexus, 928 spina bifida, 154 Sacro-spinous ligament, 991 Sacro-tuberous ligament, 542, 990 Sacro-vertebral angle, 15T Sacrum, 144 alae, 148 apex, 148 canal of, 148 ossification, 149 promontory of, 144 sexual characteristics, 149 varieties, 148 Sagittal line, 1630 suture, 237, 1630

Saphenous branch of descending genicular artery, 587, 589 nerve, 557

opening, 551, 552, 561 guide to, 707 vein, long, 559, 600 short, 600, 615 Sartorius, 568 Sauropsida, 23, 33 Scala tympani, 1689 vestibuli, 1689 Scalene tubercle, 157 Scalenus anterior, 1235 medius, 1236 posterior, 1236 Scalp, anterior part of, 1153 fascia of, 1153

superficial veins and nerves of, 1153' as a whole, 1162 Scansorius, 534 Scaphocephalus, 270 Scaphoid bone, 316

ossification of, 322 tubercle of, 316, 332 fossa of auricle, 1295 of sphenoid, 204 Scapula, 292

acromion, 296 coracoid process, 296 glenoid cavity, 294 ossification, 298 spine, 295 varieties, 298 Scapular anastomosis, 441 circumflex artery, 427 ligaments, 445 Schindylesis, 242 , 394 Sciatic band, 929

nerve, 540, 544, 931 notch, greater, 340




INDEX


1761


Sciatic notch, lesser, 340 Sclera, 1642 Scrotum, 715

arteries of, 717 development of, 700, 717 lymphatics of, 717 nerves of, 717 septum, 716 skin of, 716

structures forming wall, 716 Segmentation, 40 cavity, 24

in archenteron, 38 cells, 21, 22 nucleus, 21 in ovum, 21

Sella turcica of sphenoid, 197, 261 Sellae, diaphragma, 1163, 1603 Semicircular canals, 1684 ducts, 1688

Semicircularis stria, 1532 Semilunar cartilages of knee, 632 tract of cord, 1430 Semilunaris, hiatus, 1357 Semimembranosus, 543 Seminal vesicles, 936

blood-supply of, 959 development of, 959 lymphatics of, 959 structure of, 958 Seminiferous tubules 752 Semispinalis capitis, 407 cervicis, 408 thoracis, 408 Septum of clitoris, 694 ilio-pectineal, 856 linguae, 1346 lucidum, 1518 of nose, 248

formation of, 85 of penis, 953 primum, 1075

  • secundum, 1076

transversum, 46, 78, 79 of ear, 1688

Serial homology, 6, 41, 122 Serosa, 32

Serrata, ora, of retina, 1652, 1658 Serratus anterior, 401, 434 posterior, inferior, 403 superior, 402

Sesamoid bones, foot, 386

gastrocnemius, 618 great toe, 648 hand, 329 patella, 574

in peroneus longus, 617 thumb, 494

in tibialis posterior, 623 Sheath, axillary, 429 carotid, 1207 femoral, 565 , 568 of Hertwig, 287 of rectus, 727

Shoulder-girdle generalized, 298


Shoulder-joint, 4&1 ligaments of, 461 Sigmoid groove of temporal, 188 sinus, 1606

guide to, 1632 Sino-atrial node, 1070 Sinus, annularis, 1124 basilar, 1607 cavernous, 1169, 1606 cervicalis, 1377 circular, 1606 of epididymis, 748 ethmoidal, 210 frontal, 184 of larynx, 1387 marginal, 1606

of placenta, 106, no maxillary, 217 of Morgagni, 1370 occipital, 1606

guide to, 1631 petrosal, inferior, 1607 superior, 1606

petro-squamosal, of foetus, 241 petro-squamous, 1607 portal, 816 precervical, 67 prostatic, 939 sagittal, inferior, 1604 superior, 1603

guide to, 1631 sigmoid, 1606

guide to, 1632 spheno-parietal, 1606 straight, 1605 tarsi, 370, 390 tonsillaris, 1355 transverse, 1605 guide to, 1631 of pericardium, 1018 tympani, 1674 uro-genital, 99 venosus, 46, 52, 90, 1124 sclerae, 1645

Sinuses of dura mater, 1163, 1603 paranasal, 250 Sinusoids, 1125 Skeleton, 113

general principles, 122 Skull at birth, 265

deformities of, 269 development of, 270 of female, 267 racial peculiarities of, 268 sexual characters, 267 as a whole, 237 Smegma, prseputii, 713 Snuff-box, anatomical, 484 Sockets of mandible, 231 of maxilla, 214 Sole of foot, 641 Soleal line, 361 Soleus, 619

Solitarius, fasciculus, 1625, 1626 nucleus of, 1619, 1625


in





1762


INDEX


Solitary lymphatic nodules, 868 Somatopleure, 40 Somites, mesodermal, 40 Space or spaces—

interglobular, 285 intervillous, 105, 108 of irido-corneal angle, 1645 middle palmar, 492 perivitelline, 14 quadrilateral, 441 retropharyngeal, 1179 suprasternal, 1179 thenar, 492 triangular, 441 zonular, 1664 Spermatic cord, 736

coverings of, 739 fascia, external, 739 internal, 739

Spermatids, 12, 14, 16, 752 Spermatocytes, 13 , 1 7 > 752 Spermatogenesis, 13, 14 Spermatozoa, 8 , 12 , 14. 752 Sphenodon, 302 Spheno-ethmoidal plate, 90 recess, 1357

Spheno-mandibular ligament, 234, 1181, 1316

Spheno-palatine artery, 1308, 1361 foramen, 255 ganglion, 1320 nerves, 1322, 1338, 1361 notch, 228 Sphenoid bone, 197 lingula, 200 openings in, 204 ossification of, 205 spine of, 201, 257

ethmoidal, of, 197 varieties 205 wing, greater, 201 lesser, 200 Sphenoidal air-cells, 199 chonchae, 204 crest, 199

process of palatine, 227 Sphincter ani externus, 675 internus, 961, 963 pupillae, 1650, 1652 pyloric, 857, 861 vesicae, 950

Spinal arteries, anterior, 1434, 1447, 1575 posterior, 1434, 1447, 1575 cord, 1410 cauda equina, 1417 caudal end of, 1440 central canal of, 1422 columns of, 1418 commissures of, 1418 conus medullaris, 1416 development of, 53, 1436 enlargements of, 1416 fibres, association of, 1425 filum terminale of, 1417 grey matter of, 1420


Spinal arteries, growth of, 1442 horns of, 1421, 1422 ligamenta denticulata of, 1415 meninges of, 1410 nerve fibres of, course of, 1426 processus reticularis, 1421 sections of, 1423 structure of, internal, 1420 minute, 1424 sulci of, 1418 surfaces of, 1420 tracts of, 1429 white matter of, 1423, 1426 ganglia, 1419, 1428 groove, 397 nerves, 1418

origin of, 1418

relation of vertebrae to, 1420 posterior primary rami of, 411, 1419

roots of, 1419 Spinalis, 406

thoracis, 406 Spindle, 10 Spine or spines — definition, 115 ethmoidal, of sphenoid, 197 iliac, anterior, 334, 335, 551, 707 posterior, 335 of ischium, 338

nasal, anterior, of maxilla, 221 of frontal, 181 posterior, 225 of scapula, 295 of sphenoid, 201, 257 suprameatal, 187 Spino-glenoid ligament, 445 notch, 294

Spino-thalamic tract, 1432 Spino-umbilical lines, 707 Spiral ganglion, 1694

groove of humerus, 300 organ, 1691 Spireme, 10

Splanchnic ganglion, 1105 nerves, pelvic, 930, 947 thoracic, 1105 Splanchnopleure, 41 Spleen, 768

accessory, 771

component parts, connections and position of, 768 development of, 81, 897 ligaments of, 771, 789 lymphatic nodules of, 896 lymphatics of, 897 nerves of, 897 peritoneal relations of, 771 structure of, 895 Splendens, linea, 1415 “ Splenic dulness, area of, 771 sympathetic plexus, 809 Splenium of corpus callosum, 1514 Splenius, 404 capitis, 404


/

/





INDEX


i 7 6 3


Splenius cervicis, 404 Spongioblasts, 54 Spongioplasm, 8 Squamo-mastoid suture, 241 Squamosal suture, 239, 1631 Squamo-tympanic fissure, 1673 Stapedius, 1680 Stapes, 1679

development of, 75, 1679 Stellate ganglion, 1104 Stephanion, 251, 268 Sternal angle, 162, 1013 plate, 170 Sternalis, 420 Sternebrae, 161 Sterno-clavicular joint, 443 Sterno-costalis, 1002 Sterno-hyoid, 1201 Sterno-mastoid, 1145, 1182 Sterno-pericardial ligaments, 1018 Sterno-thyroid, 1201 Sternum, 160

angle of, 162 body,162

development of, 164, 170 foramen of, 164, 171 manubrium, 161 ossification of, 164 sexual characteristics, 164 varieties, 163 xiphoid process, 163 Stomach, 758

blood-supply of, 860 component parts, connections and position of, 758 curvatures of, 759 development of, 79, 862 divisions of, 760 gastro-phrenic ligament, 789 gastro-splenic ligament, 789 glands of, 858 lymphatics of, 860 nerves of, 860 orifices of, 760 peritoneal relations of, 761 structure of, 856 topography of, 761 trigone or uncovered area of, 761 Stomodaeum, 46, 81, 1339 Straight sinus, 1605 ,

Stratum cinereum, 1550 granulosum, 1570 laciniosum, 1569 lemnisci, 1550 opticum, 1550, 1564 radiatum, 1569 zonale, 155°

Stria longitudinalis and medialis, 1510,

1513, 1514

Striae, auditory, 1471, 1489, 1620 habenulae, 1534, 1541 Striatum, corpus, 1526 Strio-frontal fibres, 1529 Stylo-glossus, 1232 Stylo-hyal, 75, 197


Stylo-hyoid ligament, 1232 muscle, 1228

Stylo-mandibular ligament, 1181, 1317 Stylo-mastoid foramen, 192 Stylo-pharyngeus, 1323 Styloid, definition of, 115 pr^pess of fibula, 364 of radius, 309 of temporal, 194, 257 of ulna, 315

Subacromial bursa, 436, 464 Subanconeus, 459 Subarachnoid space of brain, 1608 of spinal cord, 1413 Subarcuate fossa, 191, 264 Subcallosal gyrus, 1514 Subclavian artery, 1237

development of, 1240 left, first part of, 1240 in thorax, 1040 right, first part of, 1237 second part of, 1240 third part of, 1191

guide to, 1192

groove, 290 triangle, 1190 vein, 1192, 1244 Subclavius, 421

nerve to, 431, 1195 Subcostal angle, 165 line, 755 nerve, 728, 849

lateral cutaneous branch of, 531, 728

plane, 755

Subdural space of brain, 1599, 1608 of spinal cord, 1412 Sublingua, 1343 Sublingual artery, 1216 ducts, 1235 fossa, 230 gland, 1234

development of, 1235 Submandibular duct, 1233 fossa, 230 ganglion, 1315 gland, 1233

development of, 1234 lymphatic glands, 1198 triangle, 1196

Submental lymphatic glands, 1199, 1203 triangle, 1202 Subnasal fossa, 244 point, 244, 268

Suboccipital nerve, 1141, 1153 region, 1149 triangle, 1150 venous plexus, 1152 Subpubic angle, 344 arch, 344

Subsartorial canal, 580 plexus, 558

Subscapular artery, 427 nerves, 431 Subscapularis, 440





INDEX


1764

Substance, perforated, anterior, 1445, 1511 posterior, 1445, 1561 Substantia ferruginea, 1491

gelatinosa, 1421, 1426, 1459 nigra, 1539, 1560 reticularis of medulla, 1458 Subthalamic nuclei, 1540 region, 1539 tegmental region, 1558 Subtrapezial plexus, 399 Suctorial pad of fat, 1270, 1337 Sulcus, callosal, 1507 central, 1495 centralis insulae, 1506 cingulate, 1496 circular, 1497 ethmoidal, of nose, 221 fimbrio-dentate, 1509 frontal, 1498 hypothalamic, 1533 interaminar, 54 intermedius, 759 intraparietal, 1500 lateralis, of mid-brain, 1551 occipital, lateral, 1503 transverse, 1503 occipito-temporal, 1505 oculo-motor, 1551 olfactorius, 214 olfactory, 1498 orbital, 1498 postcentral, 1500

postero-lateral, of spinal cord, 1418 precentral, 1500 sagittal, 181 temporal, 1505

terminalis, of right atrium, 1052 of tongue, 1342 tympanic, 1673 Superciliary arch, 181 Supination, 5

Supinator ridge of ulna, 314 Supracallosal gyrus, 1514 Supraclavicular branches of brachial plexus, 430, 1194 *

nerves, 412, 1144

Supracondylar process of humerus, 302 Suprahyoid muscles, 1227 region, 1202 Supramastoid crest, 185 Suprameatal spine, 187 triangle, 187, 1682 Supra-occipital bone, 275 Supra-orbital artery, 1154, 1260 foramen, 244 margin, 181

nerve, 1153, 1254, 1276 notch, 181, 247 vein, 1154

Suprapatellar tendon, 574 Suprapineal recess, 1534 Suprapleural membrane, 1007, 1246 Suprarenal glands, 823

blood-supply of, 898 development of, 899


Suprarenal glands, lymphatics of, 898 nerves of, 899 structure of, 897 plexus, 809

Suprascapular artery, 402, 438, 1193, 1243 nerve, 431, 438, 1195 notch, 294 vein, 1193

Supraspinatus, 437

Suprasternal bones, 165

branch of suprascapular atrery, 438,

1243

notch, 162 space, 1179

Supratrochlear arteries,— of brachial, 456 ophthalmic, 1154, 1261 nerve, 1154, 1254, 1276 vein, 1154

Sural cutaneous arteries, 548 nerve, 550, 616

communicating, 551

Suspensoria, ligamenta, of mammary gland, 414

Suspensory ligament of lens, 1664 of penis, 713

Sustentacular cells of testis, 14, 752 fibres of retina, 1657

Sustentaculum hepatis, 789 lienis, 767 tali, 371, 388

Sutural bones, 180, 237, 265

Sutures, 237, 394 closure of, 240 coronal, 238 frontal, 238 fronto-maxillary, 240 fronto-nasal, 240 fronto-parietal, 239 fronto-squamosal, 240 harmonic, 394 intermaxillary, 240 internasal, 240 interpalatine, 241 lambdoid, 237 limbous, 238 maxillo-maxillary, 255 metopic or frontal, 238 naso-maxillary, 240 occipito-mastoid, 237 palato-maxillary, 241 parieto-mastoid, 238 petro-basilar, 242 petro-sphenoid, 241 petro-squamosal, 241 premaxillary, 216, 218 sagittal, 237, 1630 schindylesis, 242, 394 serrated, 394 spheno-parietal, 239 spheno-squamosal, 240 squamo-mastoid, 240 squamosal, 239, 1631 zygomatico-maxillary, 240 zygomatico-temporal, 240





INDEX


1765


Sylvian line, 1632 point, 1632

Sympathetic ganglia, 1635

cervical, inferior, 1335 middle, 1334 superior, 1333

plexuses. See Nerves or Plexus system, 1410, 1635 trunk in abdomen, 838 in neck, 1335 in pelvis, 946 in thorax, 1104 Symphysis of mandible, 229 pubis, 992

Synapsis in reduction division, 18 Synchondroses, 242

petro-occipital, 242 spheno-occipital, 242 spheno-petrosal, 242 Syndesmosis, 392 Synovia, 393 Synovial bursae, 395 joints, 393 membrane, 393, 395

of ankle-joints, 663 of elbow-joint, 519 of hip-joint, 595 of knee-joint, 553, 634 of radio-ulnar joint, 520 inferior, 521 superior, 520 of shoulder-joint, 463 of tibio-fibular joint, 659 superior, 659 of wrist-joint, 523 sheaths at ankle, 602, 603 ^ .

of biceps tendon, 465 of extensor tendons of hand, 509 of flexor digitorum longus, 622 hallucis longus, 624 tendons in hand, 491 of toes, 646 of hand, 490 palmar, great, 332 of peroneal tendons, 617 of tibialis posterior, 623 at wrist, 490

Taeniae coli, 768 Tali-sustentaculum, 371, 388 Talo-calcaneal joint, 664 Talo-calcaneo-navicular joint, 665 Talus, 367

ossification of, 378 os trigonum of, 370 varieties of, 370 Tapetum of choroid, 1647

of corpus callosum, 1515 Tarsal arteries, 612 tunnel, 370, 390 Tarso-metatarsal joints, 669 Tarsus, 367

of conjunctiva, 1290 varieties of, 378 as a whole, 378


Taste-buds, 1347

Tectoria, membrana, of occipital joint, 1407

of spiral organ, 1693 Teeth, 278

auditory, 1691 canine, 280 development of, 285 eruption of, 282, 288 incisor, 279 molar, 280 premolar, 280 present at birth, 288 sockets of, 214, 231 structure of, 283 temporary or milk, 282 Tegmen tympani, 187, 189, 263, 1674 Tegmentum of brain, 1552 Tela choroidea of fourth ventricle, 1492* 1610

of third ventricle, 1553, 1610 Telencephalon, 1493 Telolecithal eggs, 25 Telophase, 11

Temporal arteries, deep, 1307

artery, superficial, 1158 bone, 184

mastoid portion of, 187 process of, 187 ossification of, 195 petrous portion of, 188 squamous portion of, 185 structure of, 195 styloid process, 194, 257 varieties, 195 zygomatic process, 185 fascia, 1161 fossa, 251

gyn of cerebrum, 1505 line, 178

lobe of cerebrum, 1504 nerves, deep, 1309, 1311 pole of cerebrum, 1444 process of zygomatic, 220 region, 1153 sula of cerebrum, 1505 vein, superficial, 1159 veins, deep, 1308 Temporalis, 1302

Tendinous intersections of rectus abdominis, 726

Tendo calcaneus, 599, 619 Tendon, conjoint, 725 suprapatellar, 574 Tensor fasciae latae, 570 palati, 1353, 1378 tympani, 1680

Tentorium cerebelli, 1163, 1602, 1633 development of, 90 Teres major, 439 minor, 438 ridge, 300

Terminale, filum, of cord, 1417 Terms, embryological, 4 position, 2



1766


INDEX


Testicular artery, 738, 829 plexus, 811 vein, 829, 830 Testis, 749

abnormal positions of, 104, 743 descent of, 103, no, 739 development of, 100, 752 lymphatics of, 750 structure of, 750 Thalamencephalon, 58 Thalamic radiation, 1539, 1567 Thalamo-frontal fibres, 1529 Thalamo-striate fibres, 1529 Thalamus, 1535

connections of, 1539 development of, 58, 1539 pulvinar of, 1537 structure of, 1538 Theca folliculi, 982

of spinal cord, 1410 Thenar space, 492 Theories of nerve growth, 55 Thoracic artery, alar, 427 lateral, 427 superior, 426 cavity, 1002

contents of, 1002 diameters of, 1114, 1115 duct, abdominal part of, 838 cervical part of, 1246 cisterna chyli, 838, 1100 thoracic part of, 1100 vertebras, 134 wall, 994 Thorax, 165

apertures of, 165 boundaries of, 165 in different animals, 78 sexual characteristics, 167 as a whole, 165 Thymus, 1019

in adult, 1019 development of, 76, 1020 structure of, 1020 Thyro-arytenoideus, 1392 Thyro-epiglottic ligament, 1380 Thyro-epiglotticus, 1392, 1394 Ihyro-glossal duct, 1222 Thyro-hyals, 236 Thyro-hyoid arch, 278 ligaments, 1384 membrane, 1384 muscle, 1201

Thyroid artery, inferior, 1242 superior, 1213, 1242 cartilage, 1380

development of, 1381 gland, 1204, 1220 accessory, 1221 blood-supply of, 1221 development of, 70, 76, 1222 pyramidal lobe of, 1221 structure, 1222 veins, 1222, 1215, 1245 Ihyroidea ima artery, 1038, 1204, 1221


Tibia, 357

condyles of, 357 crest of, 359 head of, 357

retroverted, 363 intercondylar eminence, 358 medial malleolus, 361 guide to, 599 notch, fibular, 363 ossification of, 363 pressure (squatting) facet, 363 shaft, 359 structure, 363 torsion of shaft, 363 tubercle of, 357, 553 guide to, 598 varieties of, 363 Tibial artery, anterior, 607 guide to, 599 posterior, 624

guide to, 599 nerve, anterior, 610, 614 posterior, 627 recurrent arteries, 609 Tibialis anterior, 602 posterior, 622

Tibio-fibular joints, 659, 660 Tomes, fibres of, 284 Tongue, 1342

arteries of, 1347 development of, 72, 1348 lymphatics of, 1347 mucous membrane of, 1343 muscles of, intrinsic, 1346 nerves of, 1347 veins of, 1347

Tonsil, naso-pharyngeal, 1373 Tonsils, 1354

development of, 76 structure of, 1355 Tooth, structure of, 283 Topography, cranio-cerebral, 1629 Torticollis, 1183

Torus occipitalis transversus, 177 palatinus, 216, 1338 Trabeculae carneae, 1056 Trachea, cervical part of, 1223, 1224 development of, 77, 1226 lymphatics of, 1225 thoracic part of, 1085 Tracheotomy, 1205 Tract, arcuate, 1464

cortico-thalamic, 1566 fronto-pontine, 1529, 1566 fronto-striate, 1529 fronto-thalamic, 1529 ilio-tibial, 560

mamillo-thalamic, 1517, 1543 olfactory, 1445, 1511, 157° olivo-cerebellar, 1484

optic, 1445, 1545

pallido-rubro-olivary, 1556 pyramidal, 1565 strio-thalamic, 1529 temporo-pontine, 1566



INDEX


1767


Tract, trigemino-thalamic, 1615

vago-glosso-pharyngeal, ascending thalamic, 1627

Tracts of spinal cord. See also Fasciculi cerebro-spinal, anterior, 1431 lateral, 1430 intersegmental, 1431 olivo-spinal, 1432 ponto-spinal, 1464 rubro-spinal, 1432, 1553 semilunar, 1430 spino-cerebellar, dorsal, 1432 ventral, 1432 spino-thalamic, 1432 spino-tectal, 1433

tecto-spinal, 1432, 1464. 1353. 1555 vestibulo-spinal, 1431 Tractus spiralis foraminosus, 1686 Tragicus, 1296 Transversalis fascia, 733 Transverse carpal joints, 525 ligament of atlas, 1405 of foot, deep, 671 of hip-joint, 595 of knee-joint, 633 of palm, deep, 526 of perinaeum, 682 of shoulder-joint, 453, 463 of tibio-fibular joint, inferior, 660 pelvic ridge, 101 processes, development of, 59 sinus of dura mater, 1605 of pericardium, 1018

development of, 90 Transversus abdominis, 724 nuchae, 1145

perinaei, superficialis, 678 Trapezium, 318 crest of, 319 groove of, 319, 333 ossification of, 322 of pons, 1470, 1620 Trapezius, 398

cervical portion of, 1144 Trapezoid bone, 319

ossification of, 322 line, 290, 297

Trapezoides, corpus, of cerebellum, 1484 Triangle or triangles—

anterior, of neck, 1196 of auscultation, 400 Bryants’, 552 carotid, of neck, 1196 digastric, of neck, 1198 femoral, 552, 563 inguinal, 708, 736 of Lesser, 1228 lumbar, 400, 708, 772 muscular, of neck, 1196 occipital, of neck, 1184 perineal, deep, 682 plantar, 650 posterior, of neck, 1183 subclavian, of neck, 1190 submandibular, 1196


Triangle or triangles ( continued )—submental, 1202 suboccipital, 1150 suprameatal, 187 vagal, 1490

Triangular spaces (shoulder), 441 Triceps brachii, 458, 501 Tricuspid orifice, 1057

position of, 1064 valve, 1057

Trigeminal ganglion, 1167 impression, 189, 263 nerve. See Cranial nerves Trigone, external, of bladder, 934 internal, of bladder, 951 Trigonocephaly, 270 Trigonum, habenulae, 1541 olfactorium, 1511 Trilaminar blastoderm, 34 Triquetral bone, 317

ossification of, 322 Trochanter, definition, 115 greater, 346, 529 guide to, 552 lesser, 348 third, 354

Trochanteric anastomosis, 585 fossa, 348

Trochlea, definition, 115 of humerus, 304 Trochlear fossa, 183, 245, 1251 notch of ulna, 312 Trophoblast, 26, 27, 28 Tubal pregnancy, 19 Tube, pharyngo-tympanic, 1378

development of, 73, 1378 muscles connected with, 1378 uterine, 971

development of, 987 Tuber cinereum, 1445, 1544

development of, 58, 1589 omentale, of liver, 774 of pancreas, 807 valvulae, 1480

Tubercle, adductor, 350, 354, 553 amygdaloid, 1524 anterior, of thalamus, 1537 articular, of temporal, 185 auricular, 1295 carotid, 134, 1172 condylar, 235 conoid, 289 cuneate, 1455 dorsal, of radius, 309 of epiglottis, 1380 of fifth metacarpal, 327 genial, 230 hyoid, 235 infraglenoid, 294 mental, 229 of palatine, 226 peroneal, 372, 388 pharyngeal, 174 post-glenoid, 185 pre-glenoid, 186


1768


INDEX


Tubercle, pterygoid, 204 pubic, 339, 551, 706 quadrate, 350 of rib, 156 scalene, 157 of scaphoid, 316, 332 of talus, 368 of tibia, 357, 553, 598 vestibular, 1491 Tuberculum impar, 70 sellae, 197

Tuberosity of calcaneum, 370 deltoid, 300 gluteal, 350

greater, of humerus, 299 of ischium, 338, 529 lesser, of humerus, 300 of maxilla, 213 of navicular, 373, 388 of radius, 307 of ulna, 312

Tubo-tympanic recess, 73 Tubules, seminiferous, 752 uriniferous, 901 Tunica albuginea, 750 vaginalis, 748 vasculosa, 750 Tympani, sinus, 1674 Tympanic annulus, 1672 antium, 188, 1681 canaliculus, 191, 258 cavity, 1673 membrane, 1675

arterial supply, 1677 nerves of, 1677 secondary, 1677 structure of, 1676 part of temporal, 194, 195 ring, 195 sulcus, 1673

Tympano-hyal, 75, 197, 276 Tympano-mastoid fissure, 192 Tympanum, 1673 arteries of, 1683

development of, 73, 74, 75, 1696 mucous membrane of, 1681 muscles of, 1680 nerves of, 1325, 1400 ossicles of, 1678

ligaments of, 1679 movements of, 1680 Typical, definition of, 6

Ulna, 312

beak, 312

coronoid process, 312 oblique line, 314 olecranon, 312 ossification, 315 radial notch, 313 shaft, 313 structure of, 315 styloid process, 315 supinator ridge, 314 trochlear notch, 313


Ulnar artery, 475

first part, 476

recurrent branches of, 477 second part, 480 third part, 487 varieties, 479, 498 collateral artery, 456 nerve, 433 nerve, 432

in arm, 458

cutaneous branches of, 448, 466, 499

deep division of, 499 digital branches of, 499 dorsal branch of, 467 in forearm, 480 in hand, 499

palmar cutaneous branch of, 466,

477 .

vein, anterior, 451 posterior, 451 U-loop, 62, 64, 875 Ultimo-branchial body, 76 Umbilical cord, 65, 105, 108, 110 hernia, 748 notch of liver, 756 sac with gut, 62 vessels, 51, 923, 1083 zone of abdomen, 755 subdivisions of, 755 Umbilicus, 63, 65, 705 Umbo, 1676

Uncinate process of ethmoid, 210 of pancreas, 806 Uncus of brain, 1507 Urachus, 65, 933 Ureter in abdomen, 822, 907 blood-supply of, 909 development of, 95, 910 lymphatics of, 909 nerves of, 909 structure of, 908 varieties, 823 Urethra, female; 978

development of, 988 external orifice of, 978 lymphatics of, 988 male, 938

bulb of, 941 development of, 956 external orifice of, 938 lymphatics of, 942 membranous part of, 940 prostatic part of, 939 spongy part of, 941 structure of, 940, 941, 942 Urethral crest, 939 glands, 942

Uriniferous tubules, 901 structure of, 901 summary of, 903

Uro-genital division of perinseum— female, 692 male, 677 sinus, 99, 700




INDEX


1769


Uterine tube, 971

development of, 987 fimbriae, 972 lymphatics of, 983 ostia, 972 structure of, 982 Uterus, 972

anteflexion of, 975 anteversion of, 975 at birth, 977 body of, 973

cavity of, 976 broad ligament of, 968 cervix of, 973

arbor vitae of, 977 canal of, 976 development of, 101, 987 fundus of, 973 glands of, 985 gravid, 104

iigamentum teres of, 968 lymphatics of, 986 parametrium, 974 position of, 974 relations, general, of, 974 peritoneal, 974 structure of, 983 varieties of, 977 Utricle of internal ear, 1687 prostatic, 939 Uvula of cerebellum, 1480 of soft palate, 1350 vesicae, 951

Uvulae, musculus, 1352

Vagina, 977

arteries of, 986 development of, 101, 987 fornices of, 974 lymphatics of, 986 orifice, external, of, 695 structure of, 986 Vaginal process, 741

abnormal conditions of, 743 metamorphosis of, 742 of sphenoid bone, 198 of temporal bone, 192, 194, 257 vestige of, 969

Vagus nerve. See Cranial nerves Valentin, ganglion of, 1320 Vallecula of cerebellum, 1479 cerebri, 1444, 1495 of tongue, 1343, 13 80 Value of anatomy in medicine, 1 Valve or valves— anal, 962 aortic, 1062 of coronary sinus, 1055 of Gerlach, 872 of Guerin, 942 ileo-colic, 873 mitral, 1061 pulmonary, 1059, 1064 pyloric, 861 spiral, 890


I Valve, tricuspid, 1057 Valvulae, tuber, 1480 Valvule of Guerin, 942 Variable terms, descriptive, 4 Varieties of joints, 394 Vas aberrans of brachial artery, 456, 475 deferens, 757

ampulla of, 935 blood-supply of, 738 development of, 100, 102, 753 pelvic portion of, 935 structure, of 737 Vasa recta, false, of kidney, 905 Vastus intermedius, 573 lateralis, 572 medialis, 573

Vegetative pole of ovum, 25 Veins—

auricular, posterior, 1161, 1219 axillary, 428, 451 azygos. See Vena azygos basilar, 1521, 1579 basilic, 450, 451 median, 450 of brain, 1578 bronchial, 1029, 1091 capsular, of liver, 885 cardiac, 1065, 1066 cardinal, 51, 92, 1127 central, of liver, 885 cephalic, 450, 451 median, 450 cerebellar, 1579 cerebral, 1578

anterior, 1521 deep middle, 1521 superficial middle, 1578 cervical, deep, 1149

transverse, 1193, 1245 chorionic, 51 choroid, 1521, 1578 clitoris, dorsal, of, 704 condylar, emissary, 1608 coronary sinus, 1065 of corpus striatum, 1521, 1578 cystic, 815, 891

development of principal veins, 1123 digital, of foot, 644 hand, 467 diploic, 1154, 1601 dorsal plexus of foot, 610 of hand, 467 emissary, 1608 epigastric, inferior, 731 superficial, 712 superior, 731

extraspinal, anterior, 1435 facial, anterior, 1218, 1280 common, 1218 deep, 1308 transverse, 1281 femoral, 563, 589 cutaneous, 559 profunda, 589 frontal, diploic, 1601






INDEX


1770


Veins [continued )— gastric, left, 813 gastro-epiploic, left, 813 right, 815

gluteal, inferior, 538 superior, 536 hepatic, 885

iliac, circumflex, deep, 732 common, 852 external, 854 internal, 927 infra-orbital, 1282 innominate, 1031, 1032 development, 927 intercostal, 999 anterior, 999 collateral, 999, 1094 posterior, 999, 1094 superior, 1094 intralobular, of liver, 885 intraspinal, 1435 jugular, anterior, 1175 arch, 1175 external, 1x76 internal, 1211

posterior, external, 1148, 1178 primitive, 51, 92 lingual, 1217 lumbar, 848

ascending, 839, 848 mammary, internal, 1001 mastoid, emissary, 1608 maxillary, 1308 median, 448 deep, 450 meningeal, 1601 mental, 1283 mesenteric, inferior, 802 superior, 798 nasal arch, 1154 emissary, 1608

oblique, of left atrium, 1052, 1066 occipital, 1148 diploic, 1601 emissary, 1148, 1608 ophthalmic, 1261 ovarian, 830, 979 plexus, 979

palpebral, lateral, 1281 pampiniform plexus, 738 pancreatico-duodenal, superior, 815 parietal emissary, 1147, 1608 parumbilical, 712, 789 penis, dorsal, of, 714 pharyngeal, descending, 1220 phrenic, 827 popliteal, 549 portal, 816, 885, 886 prepyloric, 815 prostatic plexus, 952 pudendal, internal, 689 pulmonary, 1028, 1043 radial, 450

rectal, inferior, 698, 964 middle, 964


Veins ( continued )—

rectal, superior, 964 renal, 828 sacral, median, 946 saphenous, long, 559, 600 short, 615

of spinal cord, 1436 spinous plexus, dorsal, 1435 splenic, 813

subcardinal, 1132, 1133 subclavian, 1192, 1244 subcostal, 848, 1098 sublobular, of liver, 885 suboccipital plexus, 1152 supracardinal, 1132, 1133 supra-orbital, 1154 suprarenal, 827 suprascapular, 1193, 1245 supratrochlear, 1154 temporal, diploic, anterior, 1601 superficial, 1159 testicular, 738, 829, 830 thyroid, 1222

inferior, 1245 superior, 1215 ulnar, anterior, 451 posterior, 451 umbilical, 51, 92, 1083 uterine, 980 vaginal, 980

of liver, 885 of vas deferens, 738 vertebral, 1244

anterior, 1245

4 vitelline, 46, 63, 79, 91, 1124 Veli frenulum, 1485, 1548 Velum, medullary, inferior, 1485, 1491 superior, 1485, 1491 Vena azygos, 839, 1096

cava, inferior, 830, 1033

development of, 92, 1133 tributaries of, 831 superior, 1032

development of, 92, 1130 comitans hypoglossi, 1217 hemiazygos, inferior, 839, 1097 superior, 1097 magna cerebri, 1521 Venae advehentes, 1125 comites, brachial, 455

pudendal, internal, 689 radial, 474 tibial, anterior, 608 posterior, 624 ulnar, 477

cordis minimae, 1067 rectae of kidney, 907 revehentes, 1125 stellatae of kidney, 907 vorticosae, 1643 Venous plexuses—

dorsal, of foot, 610 of hand, 467 spinous, 1435 occipital, 1147

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