Talk:Advanced - Abnormalities

Major Cardiovascular Abnormalities

--Mark Hill 01:36, 10 September 2009 (EST) Data from Table 2: Reference guide to the stages of chick heart embryology. Martinsen BJ. Dev Dyn. 2005 Aug;233(4):1217-37. Review. PMID: 15986452

Alignment defects

• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Pulmonary artery stenosis
• Double-outlet right ventricle
• Double-inlet left ventricle
• Straddling tricuspid valve
• Tricuspid valve atresia

Septation defects

• AV canal defects
• Subaortic ventricular septal defects
• Ventricular septal defects
• Atrial septal defects
• Persistent truncus arteriosus
• Transposition of the great arteries
• Aortic stenosis

Aortic arch anomalies

• Interrupted aortic arch
• Double aortic arch
• Left aortic arch (chick)
• Right aortic arch (mammals)
• Aortic arch hypoplasia
• Coarctation of the aorta

Myocardial and conduction system defects

• Decreased contractility
• Decreased excitation-contraction couplingb
• Myocardial hypertrophy
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (rare)
• Cardiomyopathy
• Arrhythmias

Coronary vasculature defects

• Partial absence of coronary arterial stems
• Complete loss of coronary arterial (CA) stems with ventricular CA communications

Syndromes

• Alagille
• Carpenter
• Williams
• Holt-Oram
• CHARGE
• DiGeorge
• Velocardiofacial
• Trisomy 21
• Noonans
• Ivemark

Teratogens

• Alcohol
• Retinoic Acid
• Hyperhomocysteine

Background Reading

--Mark Hill 01:50, 10 September 2009 (EST)

• Changes after birth in the tunica media and in the internal diameter of the aortic isthmus in normal newborns. H Van Meurs-Van Woezik and P Krediet J Anat. 1982 May; 134(Pt 3): 573–581. PMCID: PMC1167894