Talk:Abnormal Development - Varicella Zoster Virus: Difference between revisions

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==CDC Factsheet==
==CDC Factsheet==
Excerpts from the full factsheet http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/combo-vaccines/mmrv/vacopt-factsheet-hcp.htm


http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/combo-vaccines/mmrv/vacopt-factsheet-hcp.htm
There are two options for protecting children who are 12 months - 12 years old against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella
 
# varicella vaccine and the trivalent measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.
# quadrivalent measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine.
 
This means that parents and caregivers have a decision to make, and they will rely on you as their child’s healthcare provider for help in making that decision.


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Revision as of 16:30, 28 April 2012

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Abnormal Development - Varicella Zoster Virus. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Abnormal_Development_-_Varicella_Zoster_Virus

2012

Fetal varicella - diagnosis, management, and outcome

Prenat Diagn. 2012 Apr 18. doi: 10.1002/pd.3843. [Epub ahead of print]

Mandelbrot L. Source Hopital Louis Mourier, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, 178 rue des Renouillers, 92701, Colombes cedex, France. laurent.mandelbrot@lmr.aphp.fr.

Abstract

Fetal varicella syndrome (FVS) is due to transplacental infection by the Varicella zoster virus following maternal infection. The risks for the fetus and neonate depend on the timing. When varicella occurs around delivery, it often leads to disseminated neonatal varicella. When varicella occurs during pregnancy, transmission can occur, but is usually asymptomatic; some infants develop zoster postnatally and a few have FVS. Before 20 weeks' gestation, FVS can occur, with an incidence of about 1%. The lesions can affect the skin, limbs, central and autonomous nervous systems, eyes, cause calcifications, and growth retardation; mortality is high. Lesions typically follow one or several nerve territories, suggesting that damage results from in utero zoster following primary fetal infection. There has been little study of prenatal diagnosis of FVS. Serial ultrasound examination can detect various anomalies, magnetic resonance imaging can be of use to investigate for microphthamia and cerebral lesions, and amniocentesis can diagnose viral transmission. Prevention strategies include vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis with immune globulin and/or antivirals. Perspectives for treating infected fetuses in utero require further research. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PMID 22514124


2001

The management of varicella-zoster virus exposure and infection in pregnancy and the newborn period. Australasian Subgroup in Paediatric Infectious Diseases of the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases

Med J Aust. 2001 Mar 19;174(6):288-92.

Heuchan AM, Isaacs D. Source King George V Hospital, Sydney, NSW.

Abstract

Zoster immunoglobulin (ZIG) should be offered to pregnant, varicella-seronegative women with significant exposure to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) (chickenpox) infection. Oral aciclovir prophylaxis should be considered for susceptible pregnant women exposed to VZV who did not receive ZIG or have risk factors for severe disease. Intravenous aciclovir should be given to pregnant women who develop complicated varicella at any stage of pregnancy. Counselling on the risk of congenital varicella syndrome is recommended for pregnant women who develop chickenpox. ZIG should be given to a baby whose mother develops chickenpox up to 7 days before delivery or up to 28 days after delivery. Intravenous aciclovir should be given to babies presenting unwell with chickenpox, whether or not they received ZIG. Breastfeeding of babies infected with or exposed to VZV is encouraged. A mother with chickenpox or zoster does not need to be isolated from her own baby. If siblings at home have chickenpox, a newborn baby should be given ZIG if its mother is seronegative. The newborn baby does not need to be isolated from its siblings with chickenpox, whether or not the baby was given ZIG. After significant nursery exposure to VZV, ZIG should be given to seronegative babies and to all babies born before 28 weeks' gestation.

PMID 11297117

2011

Policy statement—Prevention of varicella: update of recommendations for use of quadrivalent and monovalent varicella vaccines in children

Pediatrics. 2011 Sep;128(3):630-2. Epub 2011 Aug 28.


Committee on Infectious Diseases. Collaborators (30)

Abstract Two varicella-containing vaccines are licensed for use in the United States: monovalent varicella vaccine (Varivax [Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA]) and quadrivalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV) (ProQuad [Merck & Co, Inc]). It is estimated from postlicensure data that after vaccination at 12 through 23 months of age, 7 to 9 febrile seizures occur per 10,000 children who receive the MMRV, and 3 to 4 febrile seizures occur per 10,000 children who receive the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella vaccines administered concurrently but at separate sites. Thus, 1 additional febrile seizure is expected to occur per approximately 2300 to 2600 children 12 to 23 months old vaccinated with the MMRV, when compared with separate MMR and varicella vaccine administration. The period of risk for febrile seizures is from 5 through 12 days after receipt of the vaccine(s). No increased risk of febrile seizures is seen among patients 4 to 6 years of age receiving MMRV. Febrile seizures do not predispose to epilepsy or neurodevelopmental delays later in life and are not associated with long-term health impairment. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that either MMR and varicella vaccines separately or the MMRV be used for the first dose of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines administered at 12 through 47 months of age. For the first dose of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines administered at ages 48 months and older, and for dose 2 at any age (15 months to 12 years), use of MMRV generally is preferred over separate injections of MMR and varicella vaccines.

PMID 21873692

1954

Studies on shingles: is the virus ordinary chickenpox virus?

Lancet. 1954 Dec 25;267(6852):1299-302.

SIMPSON RE. PMID 13222825


CDC Factsheet

Excerpts from the full factsheet http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/combo-vaccines/mmrv/vacopt-factsheet-hcp.htm

There are two options for protecting children who are 12 months - 12 years old against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella

  1. varicella vaccine and the trivalent measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.
  2. quadrivalent measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine.

This means that parents and caregivers have a decision to make, and they will rely on you as their child’s healthcare provider for help in making that decision.

MMR and Varicella Vaccines
(Administered at the same doctor visit)
MMRV Vaccine
Protection against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella Provides the same protection against the four diseases as the MMRV vaccine Provides the same protection against the four diseases as the MMR and varicella vaccines
Number of shots Two shots needed at the same doctor visit to provide protection against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella One shot needed to provide protection against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella
Fever Fewer children have fevers of 102°F or higher within 42 days of being vaccinated (about 15 out of every 100 children vaccinated; the highest risk for fever occurs during 5-12 days after vaccination) More children have fevers of 102°F or higher within 42 days of being vaccinated (about 22 out of every 100 children vaccinated; the highest risk for fever occurs during 5-12 days after vaccination)
Febrile seizures (Seizures caused by fever) Fewer children have febrile seizures during the 5-12 days after vaccination (about 4 out of every 10,000 children vaccinated) More children have febrile seizures during the 5-12 days after vaccination (about 8 out of every 10,000 children vaccinated)