Talk:2017 Group Project 6

From Embryology
Student Projects: 1 Cerebral Cortex | 2 Kidney | 3 Heart | 4 Eye | 5 Lung | 6 Cerebellum
Student Page - here is the sample page I demonstrated with in the first labs.I remind all students that you have your own Group Forum on Moodle for your discussions, it is only accessible by members of your group.
Editing Links: Editing Basics | Images | Tables | Referencing | Journal Searches | Copyright | Font Colours | Virtual Slide Permalink | My Preferences | One Page Wiki Card | Printing | Movies | Language Translation | Student Movies | Using OpenOffice | Internet Browsers | Moodle | Navigation/Contribution | Term Link | Short URLs | 2018 Test Student


I have now added a discussion Forum for your group to Moodle. You can add your discussion here (available to everyone) or in your Moodle Group Discussion (available to only your group members).

The collapsible table below shows the assessment criteria that will be used for this group project.

Group Assessment Criteria  
Mark Hill.jpg Science Student Projects
  1. The key points relating to the topic that your group allocated are clearly described.
  2. The choice of content, headings and sub-headings, diagrams, tables, graphs show a good understanding of the topic area.
  3. Content is correctly cited and referenced.
  4. The wiki has an element of teaching at a peer level using the student's own innovative diagrams, tables or figures and/or using interesting examples or explanations.
  5. Evidence of significant research relating to basic and applied sciences that goes beyond the formal teaching activities.
  6. Relates the topic and content of the Wiki entry to learning aims of embryology.
  7. Clearly reflects on editing/feedback from group peers and articulates how the Wiki could be improved (or not) based on peer comments/feedback. Demonstrates an ability to review own work when criticised in an open edited wiki format. Reflects on what was learned from the process of editing a peer's wiki.
  8. Evaluates own performance and that of group peers to give a rounded summary of this wiki process in terms of group effort and achievement.
  9. The content of the wiki should demonstrate to the reader that your group has researched adequately on this topic and covered the key areas necessary to inform your peers in their learning.
  10. Develops and edits the wiki entries in accordance with the above guidelines.
More Information on Assessment Criteria | Science Student Projects
Uploading Images 
Mark Hill.jpg First Read the help page Images

The following describes how to upload an image with all the information that must be associated with it.

The image must first be uploaded to the site.

  1. Open the left hand menu item “Toolbox” and click “Upload file” and a new window will open.
  2. Click the button ”Choose file” and navigate to where the image is located on your computer and double click the file.
  3. The window will now show the file name in the “Source filename” window.
  4. You can then rename the uploaded file in the “Destination filename” window.
    1. Make sure the new name accurately describes the image.
  5. Add a description of the image to the “Summary” window. Note the description must include:
    1. An image name as a section heading.
    2. Any further description of what the image shows.
    3. A subsection labeled “Reference” and under this the original image source, appropriate reference and all copyright information.
    4. Finally a template indicating that this is a student image. {{Template:Student Image}}

Images not including the above information will be deleted by the course coordinator and be considered in the student assessment process.

Students cannot delete uploaded images. Contact the course coordinator with the file address.

Referencing 
Mark Hill.jpg First Read the help page Referencing

All references used in making your project page should be cited where they appear in the text or images.

In page edit mode where XXXX is the PubMed ID number use the following code.

<ref name=”PMIDXXXX”><pubmed>XXXX</pubmed></ref>

For references not listed on PubMed, and text can be inserted between <ref></ref> tags.

Where the reference list will appear make a new section and on a new line the following code. <references/>

Plagiarism 
Mark Hill.jpg First Read the help page Copyright Tutorial

Currently all students originally assigned to each group are listed as equal authors/contributors to their project. If you have not contributed the content you had originally agreed to, nor participated in the group work process, then you should contact the course coordinator immediately and either discuss your contribution or request removal from the group author list. Remember that all student online contributions are recorded by date, time and the actual contributed content. A similar email reminder of this information was sent to all current students.

Please note the Universities Policy regarding Plagiarism

"Plagiarism at UNSW is defined as using the words or ideas of others and passing them off as your own." (extract from UNSW statement on Academic Honesty and Plagiarism)

Academic Misconduct carries penalties. If a student is found guilty of academic misconduct, the penalties include warnings, remedial educative action, being failed in an assignment or excluded from the University for two years.


Please also read Copyright Tutorial with regard to content that can be used in your project.

About the Discussion Page

This should be considered as the "other side" of the project page. It is an area where you can:

  1. Assemble resources.
  2. Add useful links.
  3. Discuss your project with team members. (Please do not use student names on any page on this Wiki)
  4. Paste your Peer Assessments. (Added anonymously, do not identify yourself)


Project Starting Places

Mark Hill (talk) 10:15, 14 August 2017 (AEST) OK Group 6 below are some starting places.

Neural Parts: neural | prosencephalon | telencephalon cerebrum | amygdala | hippocampus | basal ganglia | diencephalon | epithalamus | thalamus | hypothalamus‎ | pituitary | pineal | mesencephalon | tectum | rhombencephalon | metencephalon | pons | cerebellum | myelencephalon | medulla oblongata | spinal cord | neural vascular | ventricular | lateral ventricles | third ventricle | cerebral aqueduct | fourth ventricle | central canal | meninges | Category:Ventricular System | Category:Neural

PubMed Searches: Cerebellum Development

BMC Dev Biol Search: Cerebellum Development

Cerebellum: links between development, developmental disorders and motor learning; [1]

Cellular commitment in the developing cerebellum [2]

Recent papers

<pubmed limit=5>Cerebellum+Development</pubmed>


Neural Development

(z5114433) will fix referencing stuff later #ceebsrn

Neural development is one of the earliest systems to begin and the last to be completed after birth due to its highly complex structure. The first step in neural development occurs at the end of week 3 and involves the folding of the neural tubes to form the cranial and caudal region of the embryo (https://discovery.lifemapsc.com/library/review-of-medical-embryology/chapter-26-embryonic-folding-and-flexion-of-the-embryo) . There is a high chance of neural dysfunction and defects during the fetal neural development particularly due to the long development time frame and the need of certain nutrients such as folic acid to successfully close the tubes. Neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida and anencephaly can arise if the tubes do not close effectively.

z5114433

structure time course functional developing what cells appear when

glial cells development

4th ventricle

Genes in abnormalities

pathway of development of cere cells start of as neuroblast

z5018156

Things to remember:

Coordinates muscular activities - walking, crawling, writing

Embryo doesnt need the musuclar activities

Prenatal - neurons develop to carry out those activities later on

Postnatal - wiring up

Neural tube

Comes from pontine flexure - 4th ventricle -- the cerebellum develops into this space

Lamination of the cerebellum

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19732611

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21380713


Development: z5018156 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21295689

Z5076158

Week 7 Work

What I could add: Paramotal cells, molecular layer, what cerebellum connects to, how they are remodeled postnatally Kahals research https://discovery.lifemapsc.com/library/review-of-medical-embryology/chapter-150-the-brainstem-metencephalon-fourth-vesicle-the-cerebellum - good reference LARSONS HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY TEXTBOOK The metencephalon gives rise to the pons and the cerebellum, the adjacent rhombic lips also contribute to the development of cerebellum. The pons functions to relay signals that link both the spinal cord and cerebral cortex with the cerebellum and the cerebellum is a centre for postural and balance control. Pontine nuclei relay information from cerebrum to the cerebellum. The cerebellum is first recognized as a pair of thickened cerebellar plates or cerebellar primordia. Adjacent rhombic lips gives rise to Cerebellar granule cells Major portion of the cerebellum consists of a narrow median swelling called the vermis and this grows faster than the flocculonodular which were the primitive part of the cerebellum and therefore becomes the dominant portion of the mature cerebellum. Folding: Primary fissure deepens by end of third month and divides vermis and hemispheres into a cranial anterior lobe and caudal middle lobe. Lobes divide further into lobules due to development of transverse fissures. This fissure formation and foliation continues throughout embryonic, fetal and postnatal life and this is done to increase the surface area of the cerebellar cortex. 2 types of grey matter present: - Internal deep cerebellar nucler - External cerebellar cortex 4 deep nuclei and all output of the cerebellar cortex is relayed through these nuclei. These nuclei and cortex are produced by a process called neurogenesis and neuronal migration 1. Dentate 2. Globose 3. Emboliform 4. Fastigular

4th month – germinal layers undergo cell division and this produces populations of cerebellar neurons. • Ventricular layer – purkinje cells, golgi cells, basket cells, stellate cells • Granule cells remaining from the cerebellar cortex (these arise from external germinal layer) • External germinal layer – primitive nuclear neurons these migrate to form deep cerebellar nuclei

Week 8 Work

PAPER 1995 Cerebellum – about: It consists of 3 layers with 2 principal classes of neurons Granule cells studies of naturally occurring mutations and targeted gene disruption that block discrete steps in development of this region Development of anterior portion of neural tube involves the formation of 3 brain vesicles: 1. Prosencephalon 2. Mesencephalon 3. Rhombencephalon Division of rhombencephalon into metencephalic vesicles and myelincephalic vesicles (this forms in day 9) Failure of neural tube closure creates gap along the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, which bows into a mouth-like structure as the tube bends to establish the pontine flexure. Further deepening this newly formed pontine flexure, bringing the mesencephalon (midbrain) closer to the primordium of the cerebellum (metencephalon); anterior aspects of the myelincephalon (brainstem) fold underneath developing the cerebellum plate.

Cells fated for cerebellum are derived from both the mesencephalon and metencephalic vesicles (rhombencephalon). Neuroepithelium of the mesencephalon generated majority of the cells in the cerebellar cortex: V-like area of mediodorsal aspect of the anlarge arose from a caudal movement of cells from the mesencephalon.

PAPER 2014 Cerebellum has a very basic structure: • Monolayer of inhibitory purkinje cells sandwiched between a dense layer of excitatory granule cells • Subpiled molecular layer of granular cell axons and purkinje cell dendritic fibres Granule cells receives inputs from outside the cerebellum and project to the purkinje cells, the majority of which then project to a variety of cerebellar nuclei in the white matter. The area designated for the cerebellum to reside (anlage) during development was located between hindbrain and midbrain. Regulation of patterning in this early stage (E9) of development shows to be particularly important for development of the uniquely mammalian midline expanded region of the cerebellum, “vermis”.

Specific cell types are allocated along the dorsoventral axis. For glutamatergic cells of cerebellum, remarkably prolonged establishment and an important dynamic process that takes place at most dorsal interface between neural and non-neural roof plate tissue, the rhombic lip. This phase generates the basic dichotomy between GABAergic and glutamatergic cell types that underlies the conserved Purkinje-Granule cell circuit. Cell type allocation proceeds a third, distinct temporal phase of development that extends into early prenatal (up to 2 years). In this phase, the principal derivative of the rhombic lip, the granule cell precursor, accumulates over the surface of the cerebellum and undergoes further rounds of symmetric division in a process of transit amplification that exponentially expands its numbers. The anlage of the cerebellum is a product of mechanisms of segmentation that establish iterated rhombomeric subdivision within the hindbrain just after neural tube closure. All cells of the cerebellum arise from dorsal rhomomere, a region definitively classified by absence of the expression of Otx and Hox genes. Majority of cerebellum arises from metencephalic (rostral) hindbrain.

z5113034

Vasculature of cerebellum originates from vertebral arteries and the arteries that arise from it.

Metencephalon; temporary structure that differentiates into pons and cerebellum ventrally and dorsally respectively.

Current Research

Key discoveries during research of cerebellar development

Topic Selection

Hi group! I am personally interested in the development of the heart! Also, are you guys happy to exchange details after the lab tomorrow? - z5018156

Hi! Im happy to share details! And yeah heart would be interesting, but I was also thinking maybe the ear? that could be cool

Hey, yeah I was thinking the heart- I did a course on it last semester, but i also feel its quite generic and the other groups would do something similar. Shall we wait until the end of prac and find each other? Call out number 6 LMAO (z5114433)

Hey all! I'm pretty open about topics but I was leaning towards the eye? Unless that's too close to optom, (and it might be a popular subject too?) I'm fine with anything. Let's find each other after prac! -z5113034

The ear sounds good as well as the eye, theres also the lungs as well! We can just make a list and then decide as a group! - z5018156


Peer Review

This page is very informative, well set-out, and easy to follow and read. The information is well-referenced and the images have the correct Copyright. The page would be improved by including a "Future Research Questions" section.

---

This page was easy to follow and had good flow, with relevant headings and subheadings relating to the development of the cerebellum. Basic anatomy of the cerebellum contained a good amount of information, which provided relevant background knowledge before jumping into the development. Images were nicely chosen and was very relevant to the content, and they were also cited properly. There were some sections under Anatomy of the cerebellum that were related to the development, so it would be better to move it into the "Development" section to further improve flow. The table of "Cerebellum Developmental Weeks" was very clever especially with the images used. There is a vast amount of references used, and they were done properly. A "Further questions" section is needed to address any research gaps as well as explore more information on the Cerebellum. So far, well done!

---

There is a good introduction into the cerebellum which is also connected to the page and what the page will explore. The “basic anatomy” subheading is nice and succinct with minimal text and clear diagrams that clearly represent the anatomy of the cerebellum. The “Vasculature” subheading also provides a good overview with a simple diagram to complement. The only thing I find a bit odd about all the subheadings under “basic anatomy” is that I feel as though we go from the adult human anatomy of the cerebellum into embryological anatomy of the cerebellum. I think it might serve you better to split these up or just rearrange/rename your subheadings a bit. The reason for this is because the cerebellum is quite complex so I think it would help to absorb the information. The “cerebellum development” is a good and descriptive subheading with a good use of diagrams. Since there is quite a big chunk of text, it would probably be better if you broke it down where you could. So, for example, where you say: “there are two types of grey matter in the cerebellum…” you could easily use dot points. It just helps with readability. The “cellular migration” subheading is very good and the diagram you found is a great representation of it. I like that you added images to complement each week of development in your first trimester timeline. If you can do the same for your second trimester timeline that would be great. Your “key historical discoveries” subheading could use some images (even if it is of the people who made the discoveries). You chose a good number of abnormalities to explore in that last section. You might want to add another section for “future questions” just to hint at what more we need to learn about cerebellum development. You have a solid, long list of references.

---

Really good project page. The page goes through almost everything required for the project. You need a section about Further Questions and Current Research. The project is really well written and easy to understand. There is a good introduction giving the reader an idea of what to expect from the project page and good use of pictures giving a basic understanding of the anatomy of the cerebellum. There is a lot of use of figures and tables, which makes it easier for the reader to understand the subject. Most of the figures have a figure number and text, this also makes it easier to get a quick view of what the text refers to. The layout of the page is also comfortable to go through, but I do think the title Cerebellum in blue is a bit disturbing. There is good use of references.

  • It seems like you have mixed the context in Basic Anatomy of the Cerebellum section and the Cerebellum Development. During the 'Anatomy section, you start describing the developmental origin, which I think would fit better in the Developmental section.
  • The first section in the Cerebellum Development has a lot of text. Maybe you can make some subsections to split of the text and makes it more comfortable to read.
  • The Cerebellum Developmental weeks table is really good and has good use of pictures. But the format makes it really big. Maybe you can do this part in a different way, so it does not take that much space. For the table about the second trimester, it would be a good support for the reader to add pictures to this table too – like the first-trimester table.
  • The Key Historical Discoveries has a lot of text. Maybe you can add some pictures or change the layout a bit.

---

Overall, this team's wikipage was really informative. They were detailed yet not too much information was given. There was a good balance with text and pictures. The pictures chosen were all of good quality as well with appropriate description, referencing and copyright information provided. The introduction was a very good brief of the entire page and explained what was to be expected. In the basic anatomy of the cerebellum, the subheadings were really well-defined. However, maybe neural development should be shifted to the developmental section instead. This section was well referenced. I like the use of the table to describe the cerebellum developmental weeks. The images used were really helpful in visualizing what was happening in those weeks. In the abnormalities section, it was short and concise with good picture. Maybe the caption of the photos could be placed together with the photo such as those in the table. This could make the photos look neater. Overall I find that this wikipage was well done, it had a good amount of text and photos and the references were all properly included.

---

Overall, I think this project page is really good and well done to the team. I think the headings and subheadings flow easily and there is a good arrangement of information. There is a good amount of referencing and the images have copyright statements and brief descriptions. For the “Neural Development” subsection, instead of placing it under the anatomy of the cerebellum, I think you should move it down to the development section as it has more relevance to that. I think the Cerebellum Developmental weeks should be shifted to before the description on cerebellum development. This way, the readers can have a general idea on the development and its stages before going through he description because the description is quite content heavy and if we were to read that first, its quite confusing and hard to understand. For the key historical discoveries, maybe you could use a table with two columns where one column can be the name of the discoverer and the other column could be a brief description. The abnormalities section was done well.

---

Overall this project is very extensive and appears to almost be complete. The structure and lay out is clear and easy to follow. The numerous tables and diagrams are very engaging. The material seems to be relevant, informative and well-referenced. I think the you could combine the first section into the introduction as it is confusing to have two introductory sections. Also the blue title could be larger and at the top of the page to highlight the overall topic of the project. The sections of ‘cell signaling in cerebellar development’ and ‘key historical discoveries’ and ‘animal models’ are not very engaging to read as they are just large chunks of text and perhaps images, videos or collapsible windows could be used to break them up and make them more attractive. Despite these minor suggestion, your project is extremely well done!