Stem Cells - Placental Cord Blood

Introduction

Placenta and placental cord blood (umbilical cord blood, UCB) contains stem cells that can be harvested at birth (More? Placenta Notes). The total amout of blood that can be collected is about 90 ml, from which stem cells can be collected, typed and stored in Cord Blood Banks. Both public and private Cord Blood Banks have arisen in this area. These cells provide a resource for bone marrow replacement therapy in many diseases.

Placental cord blood is a rich souce of haematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. Cord blood can collected at birth, with no impact on the mother or neonate, and stured in cord blood banks for later use.

BBC (UK) A brief article on Cord Blood stem cells and their therapeutic potential.

A useful guide (online PDF document) to stem cells was produced in a report by the National Institute of Health (NIH, USA, May 2000) Stem Cells: A Primer (note large size - 4.84 Mb) and more recently NIH has established a Stem Cell information page.

Some Recent Findings

Human umbilical cord blood treatment in a mouse model of ALS^[1] "...These results demonstrate that treatment for ALS with an appropriate dose of MNC hUCB cells may provide a neuroprotective effect for motor neurons through active involvement of these cells in modulating the host immune inflammatory system response."

Umbilical cord blood transplantation for myeloid malignancies^[2] "Umbilical cord blood is a valuable alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation of patients with myeloid malignancies who need an allogeneic transplant, but lack a suitable sibling donor."

World's first public-private cord blood bank launched in UK (2007)^[3] "The Virgin Health Bank will provide parents with the facility to store their child's umbilical cord blood in two portions‚Äîone as a private sample (about 80%) for the sole use of the child and his or her family and the second as a public sample (20%), available free of charge to anyone requiring stem cell transplantation."

Cord Blood Registries

Cord blood collection statistics began in 1994 and have been increasing ever since. In January 2007, there were 254,000 cord blood units collected in worldwide registries.

Cord Blood Units Register (Data from: Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide Cord Blood Registries)

CBU Cord Blood Units

NVC Net Volume Collected of CBU Volume of the unit in milliliters; see note below.

TNC Total Nucleated Cells count of CBU The rounded number of nucleated cells in the units of 10 million.

CD34P Collected number of CD34+ cells of CBU Cell count after volume reduction; numeric value with decimal point in units of 1 million.

MONONUC Collected number of mononuclear cells of CBU The rounded number of mononuclear cells in the units of 10 million.

Diseases

The list of diseases that were transplanted with cord blood include the following: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia, Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia, Adrenoleukodystrophy, Blackfan-Diamond, Cancer-miscellaneous, Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia, Chronic Lymphocytic leukaemia, Fanconi's Anaemia, Genetic disorders - miscellaneous, Hurler's Syndrome, Immune deficiency-Miscellaneous, Krabbe's disease, Lymphomas, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Mucolipopolysaccharide deficiency, Osteopetrosis, Syndrome Severe Aplastic Anaemia, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease, Storage disorders, Thalassaemia, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (From: The Sydney Cord Blood Bank)

Australia

Australia has three cord blood banks (CBBs) located in Brisbane (Queensland), Sydney (New South Wales) and Melbourne (Victoria). AusCord is the Australian national network of umbilical cord blood banks and cord blood collection centres.

Links: Australian Bone Marrow Donor Registry | The Sydney Cord Blood Bank (SCBB) | Melbourne - BMDI Cord Blood Bank | Queensland Cord Blood Bank | PDF - AusCord Brochure

United States

On August 9, 2001, at 9:00 p.m. EDT, the President announced his decision to allow Federal funds to be used for research on existing human embryonic stem cell lines as long as prior to his announcement (1) the derivation process (which commences with the removal of the inner cell mass from the blastocyst) had already been initiated and (2) the embryo from which the stem cell line was derived no longer had the possibility of development as a human being.

In addition, the President established the following criteria that must be met:

The stem cells must have been derived from an embryo that was created for reproductive purposes;
The embryo was no longer needed for these purposes;
Informed consent must have been obtained for the donation of the embryo;
No financial inducements were provided for donation of the embryo.

In order to facilitate research using human embryonic stem cells, the NIH is creating a Human Embryonic Stem Cell Registry that will list the human embryonic stem cell lines -- at varying stages of development -- that meet the eligibility criteria. Listed below are entities that have developed stem cell lines that meet the President's criteria and are therefore eligible for federal funding. Please click on the name of the laboratory or company for contact information.

Dartmouth ethics professor discusses promise and pitfalls of stem cell research (2005)

NIH Clinical Trials (May 2004) Launches Study of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Severe, Treatment-Resistant Lupus (NIAMS, May 13,2004)

A clinical therapeutic trial in the USA for hematopoietic stem cells in an autoimmune disease.

"A five-year study to see whether a therapy using transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells, blood stem cells found in bone marrow, can produce long-term remission for patients with severe, treatment-resistant systemic lupus erythematosus (or lupus), a rheumatic autoimmune disease that can affect the body's major organs. The study will include a basic research component to examine the roles of B and T cells, white blood cells in the immune system, in triggering lupus symptoms."

References

↑ <pubmed>18575617</pubmed>
↑ <pubmed>17255794</pubmed>
↑ <pubmed>17289702</pubmed>|Virgin Health Bank
↑ <pubmed>16574858</pubmed>

Journals

Cell Stem Cell is the official affiliated journal of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR).
Stem Cells welcomes original articles and concise reviews describing basic laboratory investigations of stem cells and the translation of their clinical aspects of characterization and manipulation from the bench to patient care. The journal covers all aspects of stem cells: embryonic stem cells; tissue-specific stem cells; cancer stem cells; the stem cell niche; stem cell genomics and proteomics; and translational and clinical researc

Reviews

Articles

Search PubMed

May 2006 "cord stem cell" 154,176 reference articles of which 16,449 were reviews.

Search PubMed Now: cord stem cell |

Australia

The Australian Health Ethics Committee was approached by human research ethics committees (HRECs) seeking advice on how to review research protocols that involve stem cell research. The following guidance is interim. Formal guidelines will be developed by AHEC in the context of its review of the 1996 NHMRC Ethical guidelines on assisted reproductive technology.

INFORMATION FOR HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEES SHEET NUMBER 5 - STEM CELL RESEARCH

USA

National Institute of Health (NIH) Stem Cell Information NIH Stem Cell Basics | NIH Stem Cell Information | NIH Stem Cell Reports | Regenerative Medicine 2006 | Stem Cells: Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions (2001) | National Human Genome Research Institute - Cloning/Embryonic Stem Cells

Stem Cell News (2001)

During the earlier Bush administration there was much political controversy about Stem cells in the USA.

FDA Letter to Senator Edward M. Kennedy Regarding Stem Cells, September 5, 2001
Secretary Thompson's Oral Testimony before the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, September 5, 2001
National Institutes of Health and WiCell Research Institute, Inc., Sign Stem Cell Research Agreement, September 5, 2001
National Institutes of Health (NIH) Update on Existing Human Embryonic Stem Cells, August 27, 2001
Statement by Tommy G. Thompson, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Regarding Stem Cell Lines, August 27, 2001
Video Broadcast - Briefing by HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson on Federal Funding of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, August 10, 2001
NIH Statement on the President's Stem Cell Address, August 9, 2001
White House Fact Sheet on Embryonic Stem Cell Research, August 9, 2001
Statement by HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson Regarding the President's Decision on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, August 9, 2001
Approval Process for the Documentation of Compliance with the NIH Guidelines on the Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in NIH Research Proposed for Support Under Grants and Cooperative Agreements, November 21, 2000
Approval Process for the Documentation of Compliance with NIH Guidelines on the Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in NIH Intramural Research, January 16, 2001

External Links

International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) is an independent, nonprofit organization formed in 2002 to foster the exchange of information on stem cell research.

University of Michigan Stem Cells Explained

Transcript of discussion on ABC Radio (Dr. J Kahn , Dr. JWagner) on Genetic Technology And Ethics

A brief article on Cord Blood stem cells and their therapeutic potential from the BBC.

Monash University (Australia) [%20http://www.med.monash.edu.au/miscl/ Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories (MISCL)]

Human Stem cells in the News mainly in regard to USA political position on Human Stem Cell Research (BBC links)

Bush stem cell move widely (10 August)
Press see 'political' stem cell decision (10 August)
Bush facing stem cell storm (10 August)
Stem cell compromise angers hardliners (10 August)
Stem cells: Q & A (10 August)
Japan set to embrace stem cell research (1 August)
Read this May 2000 article on Stem Cells from NIH USA

The external link to CNN requires Quicktime Stem Cell Animation === Navigation ===

Glossary Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 19) Embryology Stem Cells - Placental Cord Blood. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Stem_Cells_-_Placental_Cord_Blood

What Links Here?

[1] <pubmed>18575617</pubmed>

[2] <pubmed>17255794</pubmed>

[3] <pubmed>17289702</pubmed>|Virgin Health Bank

[4] <pubmed>16574858</pubmed>

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