Stem Cells - Induced

From Embryology

Introduction

Mouse- embryonic stem cell signaling regulation

The term "induced stem cell" refers to the new methods of gene introduction and expression that generate stem cells from both embryo and adult tissues.

A useful guide (online PDF document) to stem cells was produced in a report by the National Institute of Health (NIH, USA, May 2000) Stem Cells: A Primer (note large size - 4.84 Mb) and more recently NIH has established a Stem Cell information page.

Stem Cell Links: Introduction | Timeline | Placental Cord Blood | Adult | Induced pluripotent stem cell | Yamanaka Factors | Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer | Ethics | Organoids | Adult Human Cell Types | Category:Stem Cell

Some Recent Findings

Nature advance online publication 23 July 2009 | doi:10.1038/nature08267; Received 9 January 2009; Accepted 3 July 2009; Published online 23 July 2009 Xiao-yang Zhao iPS cells produce viable mice through tetraploid complementation near-final version

"Here we report the generation of several iPS cell lines that are capable of generating viable, live-born progeny by tetraploid complementation. These iPS cells maintain a pluripotent potential that is very close to ES cells generated from in vivo or nuclear transfer embryos. We demonstrate the practicality of using iPS cells as useful tools for the characterization of cellular reprogramming and developmental potency, and confirm that iPS cells can attain true pluripotency that is similar to that of ES cells."

  • Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human testis.[1]
  • Neural crest-derived cells with stem cell features can be traced back to multiple lineages in the adult skin.[2]
  • Pluripotent neural crest stem cells in the adult hair follicle.[3]

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell

(iPS cell) A reprogrammed adult stem cell to form an embryonic stem cell, from which tissues or whole animals can develop. Can be generated by the expression of just four specific transcription factors.

Links: Nature Jul09 | ABC - Mice pups bred from adult stem cells

Yamanaka Factors

Reprogramming MEF into ES-like cells 03.jpg

Yamanaka Factors[4][5] Are a set of 4 transcription factors when introduced into cells induces stem cell formation. These four transcription factors can be expressed from doxycycline (dox)-inducible lentiviral vectors.

OCT4

  • Transcription factors containing the POU homeodomain
Links: OMIM - OCT4

SOX2

  • Sry-related HMG-Box gene 2
Links: OMIM - SOX2

KLF4

  • Kruppel-like factor 4, zinc finger protein, transcription factor which acts as both an activator and repressor.
Links: OMIM - KLF4

cMyc

  • The MYC protooncogene encodes a DNA-binding factor that can activate and repress transcription.
  • Ectopic expression of c-Myc can also cause tumorigenicity in offspring.
Links: OMIM - MYC The MYC protooncogene encodes a DNA-binding factor that can activate and repress transcription. Ectopic expression of c-Myc can also cause tumorigenicity in offspring.


  • More recently shown that Oct4 together with either Klf4 or c-Myc is sufficient to generate iPS cells from neural stem cells.[6]
  • Tbx3 transcription factor significantly improves the quality of iPS cells.[7]


Links: Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4

Thomson Factors

OCT4

Links: OMIM - OCT4

SOX2

Links: OMIM - SOX2

NANOG

Links: OMIM - NANOG

LIN28

'Links:

Target Genes

Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 target genes

References

  1. ↑ <pubmed>18849962</pubmed>
  2. ↑ <pubmed>17158956</pubmed>
  3. ↑ <pubmed>15366003</pubmed>
  4. ↑ <pubmed>16904174</pubmed>
  5. ↑ <pubmed>18035408</pubmed>
  6. ↑ <pubmed>18594515</pubmed>
  7. ↑ <pubmed>20139965</pubmed>

Reviews

<pubmed>17157222</pubmed> <pubmed>17123233</pubmed> <pubmed>17076989</pubmed>


Articles

<pubmed>19898493</pubmed> <pubmed>17282993</pubmed> <pubmed>17234930</pubmed>

Search PubMed

Search PubMed: Feb 2007 "adult stem cells" 811 reference articles of which 367 were reviews.

Search PubMed Now: adult stem cells | induced pluripotent stem cell |

Additional Images

  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells

    Human induced pluripotent stem cells

  • Reprogramming MEF into ES-like cells

    Reprogramming MEF into ES-like cells

  • Reprogramming MEF into ES-like cells

    Reprogramming MEF into ES-like cells

External Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 18) Embryology Stem Cells - Induced. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Stem_Cells_-_Induced

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