Stem Cells - Induced

From Embryology

Introduction

Mouse- embryonic stem cell signaling regulation

The term "induced stem cell" refers to the new methods of gene introduction and expression that generate stem cells from both embryo and adult tissues.

A useful guide (online PDF document) to stem cells was produced in a report by the National Institute of Health (NIH, USA, May 2000) Stem Cells: A Primer (note large size - 4.84 Mb) and more recently NIH has established a Stem Cell information page.

Stem Cell Links: Introduction | Timeline | Placental Cord Blood | Adult | Induced pluripotent stem cell | Yamanaka Factors | Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer | Ethics | Organoids | Adult Human Cell Types | Category:Stem Cell

Some Recent Findings

Nature advance online publication 23 July 2009 | doi:10.1038/nature08267; Received 9 January 2009; Accepted 3 July 2009; Published online 23 July 2009 Xiao-yang Zhao iPS cells produce viable mice through tetraploid complementation near-final version

"Here we report the generation of several iPS cell lines that are capable of generating viable, live-born progeny by tetraploid complementation. These iPS cells maintain a pluripotent potential that is very close to ES cells generated from in vivo or nuclear transfer embryos. We demonstrate the practicality of using iPS cells as useful tools for the characterization of cellular reprogramming and developmental potency, and confirm that iPS cells can attain true pluripotency that is similar to that of ES cells."

  • Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human testis.[1]
  • Neural crest-derived cells with stem cell features can be traced back to multiple lineages in the adult skin.[2]
  • Pluripotent neural crest stem cells in the adult hair follicle.[3]

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell

(iPS cell) A reprogrammed adult stem cell to form an embryonic stem cell, from which tissues or whole animals can develop. Can be generated by the expression of just four specific transcription factors.

Links: Nature Jul09 | ABC - Mice pups bred from adult stem cells

Yamanaka Factors

Yamanaka Factors[4] Are a set of 4 transcription factors when introduced into cells induces stem cell formation.

OCT4

Links: OMIM - OCT4

SOX2

Links: OMIM - SOX2

KLF4

Links: OMIM - KLF4

cMyc

Links: OMIM - MYC The MYC protooncogene encodes a DNA-binding factor that can activate and repress transcription. Ectopic expression of c-Myc can also cause tumorigenicity in offspring.


More recently shown that Oct4 together with either Klf4 or c-Myc is sufficient to generate iPS cells from neural stem cells. [5]


Links: Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4

Thomson Factors

OCT4

Links: OMIM - OCT4

SOX2

Links: OMIM - SOX2

NANOG

Links: OMIM - NANOG

LIN28

'Links:

Target Genes

Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 target genes

Hair Follicle Stem Cell

M. Sieber-Blum, M. Grim, Y.F. Hu, V. Szeder Pluripotent neural crest stem cells in the adult hair follicle. Dev Dyn. 2004 Oct;231(2):258-69.

Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC)

Dental pulp stem/stromal cell (DPSC) are similar to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hBMSCs) in the expression pattern of cell surface markers and their pluripotent differentiation capability.

Huang AH, Snyder BR, Cheng PH, Chan AW.Putative dental pulp-derived stem/stromal cells promote proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural cells in the hippocampus of mice.Stem Cells. 2008 Oct;26(10):2654-63. Epub 2008 Aug 7.PMID: 18687995

Munoz JR, Stoutenger BR, Robinson AP, Spees JL, Prockop DJ.Human stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow promote neurogenesis of endogenous neural stem cells in the hippocampus of mice.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 13;102(50):18171-6. Epub 2005 Dec 5. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 7;103(6):2000-2.PMID: 16330757

Gronthos S, Brahim J, Li W, Fisher LW, Cherman N, Boyde A, DenBesten P, Robey PG, Shi S.Stem cell properties of human dental pulp stem cells.J Dent Res. 2002 Aug;81(8):531-5.PMID: 12147742

Spermatogonial Stem Cell

 

References

  1. <pubmed>18849962</pubmed>
  2. <pubmed>17158956</pubmed>
  3. <pubmed>15366003</pubmed>
  4. <pubmed>16904174</pubmed>
  5. <pubmed>18594515</pubmed>

Reviews

<pubmed>17157222</pubmed> <pubmed>17123233</pubmed> <pubmed>17076989</pubmed>


Articles

<pubmed>19898493</pubmed> <pubmed>17282993</pubmed> <pubmed>17234930</pubmed>

Search PubMed

Search PubMed: Feb 2007 "adult stem cells" 811 reference articles of which 367 were reviews.

Search PubMed Now: adult stem cells | induced pluripotent stem cell |

External Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology Stem Cells - Induced. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Stem_Cells_-_Induced

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G