Stem Cells
Embryology - 28 Mar 2024 Expand to Translate |
---|
Google Translate - select your language from the list shown below (this will open a new external page) |
العربية | català | 中文 | 中國傳統的 | français | Deutsche | עִברִית | हिंदी | bahasa Indonesia | italiano | 日本語 | 한국어 | မြန်မာ | Pilipino | Polskie | português | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ | Română | русский | Español | Swahili | Svensk | ไทย | Türkçe | اردو | ייִדיש | Tiếng Việt These external translations are automated and may not be accurate. (More? About Translations) |
Introduction
The term "stem cell" is used so freely these days in many different forums that it is difficult sometimes understand without context what scientists, politicians, ethicists and commentators are discussing. In terms of human development, the embryonic stem cell with totipotential occurs at the blastocyst stage, mainly in the first and second week of development. After this period the inner cell mass, which forms the entire embryo, will differentiate into embryonic germ layers with restricted differentiation potential.
Stem cells as well as having the capacity to differentiate into any (totipotential) or multiple (pluripotential) cell types, have the unique capacity of self-renewal.
In vitro fertilization and growth of the blastocyst, allows isolation of these cells and their subsequent use in stem cell research. It is the collection, production and possible therapeutic applications of these stem cells which has recently attracted worldwide attention.
A key step in the development of stem cell research has been the identification of cell surface markers (proteins) which identify these cells and their state of undifferentiation.
NIH Information
A useful guide (online PDF document) to stem cells was produced in a report by the National Institute of Health (NIH, USA, April 2009) Stem Cells: A Primer (PDF 1.89 MB) and more recently NIH has established a Stem Cell information page.
- Stem Cells: NIH 2009 Primer | File:NIH Regenerative Medicine 2006.pdf | 2001 Primer | NIH Stem Cell Basics | 2009 NIH Report | Regenerative Medicine 2006 | 2001 NIH Report
Some Recent Findings
|
More recent papers |
---|
This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Stem Cells <pubmed limit=5>Stem Cells</pubmed> |
Older papers |
---|
|
Embryonic Stem Cell
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Recently the human GA 14 to 16 weeks fetal heart have been used as a source of mesenchymal stem cells that appear similar to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (expressing CD73, CD90, CD105 and lacking expression of CD31, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR).[10]
Human blastocyst derived stem cells[11]
(A–D) - stepwise procedure of embryo biopsy using inverted microscope-attached micro manipulator.
(E–L) - appearance of initial outgrowth and hESC colony during the derivation procedure.
Cord Blood Stem Cell
Placental cord blood is a rich souce of haematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. Cord blood can collected at birth, with no impact on the mother or neonate, and stured in cord blood banks for later use. BBC (UK) A brief article on Cord Blood stem cells and their therapeutic potential.
Spermatogonial Stem Cell (SSC)
In the male testes are a population of spermatogonia cells that differentiate and meiotically divide to form spermatozoa cells (male germ cells).
- Production of knockout mice by random or targeted mutagenesis in spermatogonial stem cells.[12]
- Spermatogonial stem cells: questions, models and perspectives.[13]Cite error: Closing
</ref>
missing for<ref>
tag
Science News 06 Jan | Special Online Collection: Hwang et al. and Stem Cell Issues
Cancer
There is a hypothesis that several cancers may arise from somatic stem or progenitor cells that exist in different tissues. These cancer stem cells are called "side population" (SP) cells and have been identified in: leukemia, breast cancer and several human cancer cell lines (central nervous system, gastrointestinal tumors, retinoblastoma). There is still a "chicken and egg" problem to be resolved, in that the cancer cells may have dedifferentiated to a stem cell-like population.
A recent paper has also identified SP cells in ovarian cancer which have properties similar to stem cells.[14]
References
- ↑ Li J, Greco V, Guasch G, Fuchs E & Mombaerts P. (2007). Mice cloned from skin cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 104, 2738-43. PMID: 17299040 DOI.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vegas AJ, Veiseh O, Gürtler M, Millman JR, Pagliuca FW, Bader AR, Doloff JC, Li J, Chen M, Olejnik K, Tam HH, Jhunjhunwala S, Langan E, Aresta-Dasilva S, Gandham S, McGarrigle JJ, Bochenek MA, Hollister-Lock J, Oberholzer J, Greiner DL, Weir GC, Melton DA, Langer R & Anderson DG. (2016). Long-term glycemic control using polymer-encapsulated human stem cell-derived beta cells in immune-competent mice. Nat. Med. , 22, 306-11. PMID: 26808346 DOI.
- ↑ Corsinotti A, Wong FC, Tatar T, Szczerbinska I, Halbritter F, Colby D, Gogolok S, Pantier R, Liggat K, Mirfazeli ES, Hall-Ponsele E, Mullin NP, Wilson V & Chambers I. (2017). Distinct SoxB1 networks are required for naïve and primed pluripotency. Elife , 6, . PMID: 29256862 DOI.
- ↑ Nguyen PD, Hollway GE, Sonntag C, Miles LB, Hall TE, Berger S, Fernandez KJ, Gurevich DB, Cole NJ, Alaei S, Ramialison M, Sutherland RL, Polo JM, Lieschke GJ & Currie PD. (2014). Haematopoietic stem cell induction by somite-derived endothelial cells controlled by meox1. Nature , 512, 314-8. PMID: 25119043 DOI.
- ↑ Poh YC, Chen J, Hong Y, Yi H, Zhang S, Chen J, Wu DC, Wang L, Jia Q, Singh R, Yao W, Tan Y, Tajik A, Tanaka TS & Wang N. (2014). Generation of organized germ layers from a single mouse embryonic stem cell. Nat Commun , 5, 4000. PMID: 24873804 DOI.
- ↑ Ware CB, Nelson AM, Mecham B, Hesson J, Zhou W, Jonlin EC, Jimenez-Caliani AJ, Deng X, Cavanaugh C, Cook S, Tesar PJ, Okada J, Margaretha L, Sperber H, Choi M, Blau CA, Treuting PM, Hawkins RD, Cirulli V & Ruohola-Baker H. (2014). Derivation of naive human embryonic stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 111, 4484-9. PMID: 24623855 DOI.
- ↑ Human Embryonic Stem Cells Derived by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Cell May 2013.
- ↑ Nagaoka M, Si-Tayeb K, Akaike T & Duncan SA. (2010). Culture of human pluripotent stem cells using completely defined conditions on a recombinant E-cadherin substratum. BMC Dev. Biol. , 10, 60. PMID: 20525219 DOI.
- ↑ Kim K, Doi A, Wen B, Ng K, Zhao R, Cahan P, Kim J, Aryee MJ, Ji H, Ehrlich LI, Yabuuchi A, Takeuchi A, Cunniff KC, Hongguang H, McKinney-Freeman S, Naveiras O, Yoon TJ, Irizarry RA, Jung N, Seita J, Hanna J, Murakami P, Jaenisch R, Weissleder R, Orkin SH, Weissman IL, Feinberg AP & Daley GQ. (2010). Epigenetic memory in induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature , 467, 285-90. PMID: 20644535 DOI.
- ↑ Garikipati VNS, Singh SP, Mohanram Y, Gupta AK, Kapoor D & Nityanand S. (2018). Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human fetus heart. PLoS ONE , 13, e0192244. PMID: 29420637 DOI.
- ↑ Giritharan G, Ilic D, Gormley M & Krtolica A. (2011). Human embryonic stem cells derived from embryos at different stages of development share similar transcription profiles. PLoS ONE , 6, e26570. PMID: 22039509 DOI.
- ↑ Kanatsu-Shinohara M, Ikawa M, Takehashi M, Ogonuki N, Miki H, Inoue K, Kazuki Y, Lee J, Toyokuni S, Oshimura M, Ogura A & Shinohara T. (2006). Production of knockout mice by random or targeted mutagenesis in spermatogonial stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 103, 8018-23. PMID: 16679411 DOI.
- ↑ Ehmcke J, Wistuba J & Schlatt S. (2006). Spermatogonial stem cells: questions, models and perspectives. Hum. Reprod. Update , 12, 275-82. PMID: 16446319 DOI.
- ↑ Moore KA & Lemischka IR. (2006). Stem cells and their niches. Science , 311, 1880-5. PMID: 16574858 DOI.
Journals
- Cell Stem Cell is the official affiliated journal of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR).
- Stem Cells welcomes original articles and concise reviews describing basic laboratory investigations of stem cells and the translation of their clinical aspects of characterization and manipulation from the bench to patient care. The journal covers all aspects of stem cells: embryonic stem cells; tissue-specific stem cells; cancer stem cells; the stem cell niche; stem cell genomics and proteomics; and translational and clinical researc
Reviews
Trounson A & DeWitt ND. (2016). Pluripotent stem cells progressing to the clinic. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. , 17, 194-200. PMID: 26908143 DOI.
Mathews DJ, Donovan PJ, Harris J, Lovell-Badge R, Savulescu J & Faden R. (2009). Pluripotent stem cell-derived gametes: truth and (potential) consequences. Cell Stem Cell , 5, 11-4. PMID: 19570509 DOI.
Moore KA & Lemischka IR. (2006). Stem cells and their niches. Science , 311, 1880-5. PMID: 16574858 DOI.
Li L & Xie T. (2005). Stem cell niche: structure and function. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. , 21, 605-31. PMID: 16212509 DOI.
Articles
Pekkanen-Mattila M, Pelto-Huikko M, Kujala V, Suuronen R, Skottman H, Aalto-Setälä K & Kerkelä E. (2010). Spatial and temporal expression pattern of germ layer markers during human embryonic stem cell differentiation in embryoid bodies. Histochem. Cell Biol. , 133, 595-606. PMID: 20369364 DOI.
Hiroyama T, Miharada K, Aoki N, Fujioka T, Sudo K, Danjo I, Nagasawa T & Nakamura Y. (2006). Long-lasting in vitro hematopoiesis derived from primate embryonic stem cells. Exp. Hematol. , 34, 760-9. PMID: 16728281 DOI.
Meshorer E & Misteli T. (2006). Chromatin in pluripotent embryonic stem cells and differentiation. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. , 7, 540-6. PMID: 16723974 DOI.
Yamazoe H, Kobori M, Murakami Y, Yano K, Satoh M, Mizuseki K, Sasai Y & Iwata H. (2006). One-step induction of neurons from mouse embryonic stem cells in serum-free media containing vitamin B12 and heparin. Cell Transplant , 15, 135-45. PMID: 16719047
Skottman H, Dilber MS & Hovatta O. (2006). The derivation of clinical-grade human embryonic stem cell lines. FEBS Lett. , 580, 2875-8. PMID: 16716780 DOI.
Hammarberg K & Tinney L. (2006). Deciding the fate of supernumerary frozen embryos: a survey of couples' decisions and the factors influencing their choice. Fertil. Steril. , 86, 86-91. PMID: 16716313 DOI.
Moore KA & Lemischka IR. (2006). Stem cells and their niches. Science , 311, 1880-5. PMID: 16574858 DOI.
Search PubMed
May 2006 "stem cell" 154,176 reference articles of which 16,449 were reviews.
Search PubMed Now: stem cell | embryonic stem cell | adult stem cell |
Australia
The Australian Health Ethics Committee was approached by human research ethics committees (HRECs) seeking advice on how to review research protocols that involve stem cell research. The following guidance is interim. Formal guidelines will be developed by AHEC in the context of its review of the 1996 NHMRC Ethical guidelines on assisted reproductive technology.
INFORMATION FOR HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEES SHEET NUMBER 5 - STEM CELL RESEARCH
USA
- Stem Cells: NIH 2009 Primer | File:NIH Regenerative Medicine 2006.pdf | 2001 Primer | NIH Stem Cell Basics | 2009 NIH Report | Regenerative Medicine 2006 | 2001 NIH Report
National Institute of Health (NIH) Stem Cell Information NIH Stem Cell Basics | NIH Stem Cell Information | NIH Stem Cell Reports | Regenerative Medicine 2006 | Stem Cells: Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions (2001) | National Human Genome Research Institute - Cloning/Embryonic Stem Cells
Stem Cell News (2001)
During the earlier Bush administration there was much political controversy about Stem cells in the USA.
- FDA Letter to Senator Edward M. Kennedy Regarding Stem Cells, September 5, 2001
- Secretary Thompson's Oral Testimony before the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, September 5, 2001
- National Institutes of Health and WiCell Research Institute, Inc., Sign Stem Cell Research Agreement, September 5, 2001
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Update on Existing Human Embryonic Stem Cells, August 27, 2001
- Statement by Tommy G. Thompson, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Regarding Stem Cell Lines, August 27, 2001
- Video Broadcast - Briefing by HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson on Federal Funding of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, August 10, 2001
- NIH Statement on the President's Stem Cell Address, August 9, 2001
- White House Fact Sheet on Embryonic Stem Cell Research, August 9, 2001
- Statement by HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson Regarding the President's Decision on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, August 9, 2001
- Approval Process for the Documentation of Compliance with the NIH Guidelines on the Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in NIH Research Proposed for Support Under Grants and Cooperative Agreements, November 21, 2000
- Approval Process for the Documentation of Compliance with NIH Guidelines on the Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in NIH Intramural Research, January 16, 2001
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- NIH (USA) Human Embryonic Stem Cell Registry | [feed://hescregapp.od.nih.gov/hesc.xml RSS]
- StemBook - Table of Contents
- International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) is an independent, nonprofit organization formed in 2002 to foster the exchange of information on stem cell research.
- University of Michigan Stem Cells Explained
- Transcript of discussion on ABC Radio (Dr. J Kahn , Dr. JWagner) on Genetic Technology And Ethics
- A brief article on Cord Blood stem cells and their therapeutic potential from the BBC.
- Monash University (Australia) Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories (MISCL)
- Europe - ESTOOLS DATA@HAND "resource contains human gene expression array data from 97 GEO and ArrayExpress sample sets, which involve altogether 1674 Affymetrix, Illumina and Agilent arrays. The source of the biological samples is mainly pluripotent stem cells, their differentiated progeny, and their parent cells. All data has been preprocessed so as to enable computational analysis with analysis workflows and tools provided."
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Stem Cells. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Stem_Cells
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G