Smooth Muscle Development: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:56, 1 December 2013

Introduction

Colon wall smooth muscle layers

There are 3 different types of muscle: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. This page describes smooth muscle development, descriptions of cardiac muscle and smooth muscle development can be found in other notes.

Smooth muscle is mesoderm in origin and contributes to many different tissues including the muscular wall of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, artery walls, bladder wall, uterus, seminiferous tubules and ductus deferens.
Smooth muscle is non-striated in appearance, lacking the regular organisation of sarcomeres seen in skeletal and cardiac muscle.

Some Recent Findings

Smooth muscle cell differentiation in vitro: models and underlying molecular mechanisms^[1] "Development of in vitro models by which to study smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation has been hindered by some peculiarities intrinsic to these cells, namely their different embryological origins and their ability to undergo phenotypic modulation in cell culture. Although many in vitro models are available for studying SMC differentiation, careful consideration should be taken so that the model chosen fits the questions being posed. In this review, we summarize several well-established in vitro models available to study SMC differentiation from stem cells and outline novel mechanisms recently identified as underlying SMC differentiation programs."

More recent papers
This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link. This search now requires a manual link as the original PubMed extension has been disabled. The displayed list of references do not reflect any editorial selection of material based on content or relevance. References also appear on this list based upon the date of the actual page viewing. References listed on the rest of the content page and the associated discussion page (listed under the publication year sub-headings) do include some editorial selection based upon both relevance and availability. More? References \| Discussion Page \| Journal Searches \| 2019 References \| 2020 References Search term: Smooth Muscle Embryology <pubmed limit=5>Smooth Muscle Embryology</pubmed>

Gastrointestinal Tract

The gastrointestinal tract consists of two thick outer muscle layers (longitudinal and circular) and a thin muscularis mucosa layer.

Jejunum
Colon

Links: Colon Histology | Gastrointestinal Tract Development

Neural Innervation

1857 Meissner was the first to describe a nerve plexus in the submucosa of the bowel wall.
1864 Auerbach described the myenteric plexus between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers.
1981 LeDouarin describes neural crest contribution to both plexuses.

Myenteric Plexus

Auerbach's Plexus
functions for peristalsis and gastric mixing.
Coordinated waves of descending inhibition followed by waves of descending excitation

+ Extrinsic parasympathetic cholinergic nerves (vagal and sacral) excite peristalsis and stimulate

- Sympathetic noradrenergic nerves inhibit the transit of gut contents

Submucosal Plexus

Meissner's Plexus
functions for secretion and absorption.

Interstitial cells of Cajal

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are peripheral nervous system neuron found in some smooth muscle organs.
function as pacemaker cells, neuromodulation or mechanosensory roles.

Histology Images

Colon x40
Colon x40
Ileum x10
Oesophagus x10
Seminiferous tubule x40
Uterus myometrium x10
Uterus myometrium x40
Ductus deferens

References

↑ <pubmed>21677291</pubmed>

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Additional Images

Terms

External Links

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Histology - Muscle

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 18) Embryology Smooth Muscle Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Smooth_Muscle_Development

What Links Here?

[1] <pubmed>21677291</pubmed>

[1]

@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 ===Interstitial cells of Cajal===
-Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are peripheral nervous system neurone found in some smooth muscle organs and function as pacemaker cells.
+* Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are peripheral nervous system neuron found in some smooth muscle organs.
+* function as pacemaker cells, neuromodulation or mechanosensory roles.