Sensory - Vision Development: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
== Some Recent Findings == | == Some Recent Findings == | ||
[[File:Human-retina-01.jpg|thumb|300px|Adult Human Retina histology | [[File:Human-retina-01.jpg|thumb|300px|Adult Human Retina histology{{#pmid:12186651|PMID12186651}}]] | ||
{| | {| | ||
|-bgcolor="F5FAFF" | |-bgcolor="F5FAFF" | ||
| | | | ||
* '''The relationship between eye movement and vision develops before birth''' | * '''The relationship between eye movement and vision develops before birth''' {{#pmid:22496813|PMID22496813}} "While the visuomotor system is known to develop rapidly after birth, studies have observed spontaneous activity in vertebrates in visually excitable cortical areas already before extrinsic stimuli are present. Resting state networks and fetal eye movements were observed independently in utero, but no functional brain activity coupled with visual stimuli could be detected using fetal fMRI. This study closes this gap and links in utero eye movement with corresponding functional networks. BOLD resting-state fMRI data were acquired from seven singleton fetuses between gestational weeks 30-36 with normal brain development. During the scan time, fetal eye movements were detected and tracked in the functional MRI data. We show that already in utero spontaneous fetal eye movements are linked to simultaneous networks in visual- and frontal cerebral areas. In our small but in terms of gestational age homogenous sample, evidence across the population suggests that the preparation of the human visuomotor system links visual and motor areas already prior to birth." | ||
* '''Activation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) during Mitosis in Retinal Progenitor Cells''' | |||
* '''Rearrangement of retinogeniculate projection patterns after eye-specific segregation in mice''' | * '''Activation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) during Mitosis in Retinal Progenitor Cells'''{{#pmid:22496813|PMID22496813}} "Most studies of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) activation in retinal tissue were done in the context of neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated the behavior of JNK during mitosis of progenitor cells in the retina of newborn rats. ... The data show, for the first time, that JNK is activated in mitotic progenitor cells of developing retinal tissue, suggesting a new role of JNK in the control of progenitor cell proliferation in the retina." | ||
* '''The long noncoding RNA RNCR2 directs mouse retinal cell specification''' | |||
* '''Rearrangement of retinogeniculate projection patterns after eye-specific segregation in mice'''{{#pmid:20544023|PMID20544023}} "When monocular enucleation was performed after eye-specific segregation, rearrangement of retinogeniculate axons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) was observed within 5 days. ...We also examined the critical period for this rearrangement and found that the rearrangement became almost absent by the beginning of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity in the primary visual cortex." | |||
* '''The long noncoding RNA RNCR2 directs mouse retinal cell specification'''{{#pmid:20459797|PMID20459797}} "We find that the RNCR2 is selectively expressed in a subset of both mitotic progenitors and postmitotic retinal precursor cells. ShRNA-mediated knockdown of RNCR2 results in an increase of both amacrine cells and Müller glia, indicating a role for this lncRNA in regulating retinal cell fate specification." | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
Line 51: | Line 53: | ||
===Carnegie Stages - Eye=== | ===Carnegie Stages - Eye=== | ||
{| | {| | ||
| The following data is from a study of human embryonic carnegie stages | | The following data is from a study of human embryonic carnegie stages{{#pmid:7364662|PMID7364662}} and other sources. | ||
* [[Carnegie_stage_10|Stage 10]] - optic primordia appear. | * [[Carnegie_stage_10|Stage 10]] - optic primordia appear. | ||
* [[Carnegie_stage_11|Stage 11]] - right and left optic primordia meet at the optic chiasma forming a U-shaped rim. | * [[Carnegie_stage_11|Stage 11]] - right and left optic primordia meet at the optic chiasma forming a U-shaped rim. | ||
Line 132: | Line 134: | ||
| [[File:Mouse eye neural crest.jpg|400px]] | | [[File:Mouse eye neural crest.jpg|400px]] | ||
Mouse eye neural crest | Mouse eye neural crest{{#pmid:16403239|PMID16403239}} | ||
| [[File:Mouse_eye_TGF-beta_model.jpg|400px]] | | [[File:Mouse_eye_TGF-beta_model.jpg|400px]] | ||
Mouse eye TGF-beta model | Mouse eye TGF-beta model{{#pmid:7364662|PMID16403239}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 145: | Line 147: | ||
[[File:Mouse Schlemm's canal development 01.jpg|600px]] | [[File:Mouse Schlemm's canal development 01.jpg|600px]] | ||
Schematic showing the stages of Schlemm's canal development in the postnatal mouse by the novel process of canalogenesis. | Schematic showing the stages of Schlemm's canal development in the postnatal mouse by the novel process of canalogenesis.{{#pmid:25051267|PMID25051267}} | ||
(Cartoons have been drawn for clarity and are not intended to suggest that most early sprouts arise from the LVP.) | (Cartoons have been drawn for clarity and are not intended to suggest that most early sprouts arise from the LVP.) | ||
Line 153: | Line 155: | ||
Extraocular muscles are required to move the eye within the orbit. Their embryonic origin requires an interaction between the cranial mesoderm and the migrating neural crest cells. | Extraocular muscles are required to move the eye within the orbit. Their embryonic origin requires an interaction between the cranial mesoderm and the migrating neural crest cells. | ||
The following is from a recent paper comparing human to zebrafish muscle development. | The following is from a recent paper comparing human to zebrafish muscle development.{{#pmid:22132088|PMID22132088}} | ||
{| | {| | ||
! About the Muscles | ! About the Muscles | ||
Line 239: | Line 241: | ||
===Reviews=== | ===Reviews=== | ||
{{#pmid:23523800}} | |||
{{#pmid:20855501}} | |||
The International Journal of Developmental Biology [http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/web/contents.php?vol=48&issue=8-9 Vol. 48 Nos. 8/9 (2004) Eye Development] | The International Journal of Developmental Biology [http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/web/contents.php?vol=48&issue=8-9 Vol. 48 Nos. 8/9 (2004) Eye Development] | ||
===Articles=== | ===Articles=== | ||
{{#pmid:19541779}} | |||
Revision as of 12:58, 15 February 2018
Embryology - 24 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
---|
Google Translate - select your language from the list shown below (this will open a new external page) |
العربية | català | 中文 | 中國傳統的 | français | Deutsche | עִברִית | हिंदी | bahasa Indonesia | italiano | 日本語 | 한국어 | မြန်မာ | Pilipino | Polskie | português | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ | Română | русский | Español | Swahili | Svensk | ไทย | Türkçe | اردو | ייִדיש | Tiếng Việt These external translations are automated and may not be accurate. (More? About Translations) |
Introduction
These notes introduce the development of the eye: induction and regional specification of the eye structures, maturation and formation of retina and optic tectum neuronal connections.
The adult eye has contributions from several different embryonic layers eventually forming neuronal, supportive connective tissue, optical structures, and muscular tissues.
There are additional pages shown in the vision links, covering specific topics of vision development.
Senses Links: Introduction | placode | Hearing and Balance hearing | balance | vision | smell | taste | touch | Stage 22 | Category:Sensory |
Some Recent Findings
|
More recent papers |
---|
This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Vision Development <pubmed limit=5>Vision Development</pubmed> Search term: Vision Embryology <pubmed limit=5>Vision Embryology</pubmed> |
Timeline
Embryonic Development
|
Carnegie Stages - Eye
The following data is from a study of human embryonic carnegie stages[5] and other sources.
|
Embryo Virtual Slides
|
See below the drawings of sections of the whole eye from week 8 of development.[6]
Lens
The lens or crystalline lens or aquula (Latin, aquula = a little stream) has a key role in focussing light (with the cornea) upon the neural retina. The lens embryonic origin is from surface ectoderm of the sensory placodes that form in the head region (More? Week 4 - Placodes). The lens focusses by refracting light as it passes through the biconvex lens, which can be altered in shape (accommodation) by surrounding ciliary muscles. These ciliary muscles are activated (contracted) by parasympathetic innervation from the ciliary ganglion itself innervated by the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III) (More? Cranial Nerves).
surface ectoderm -> lens placode -> lens pit -> lens vesicle -> lens fibres -> lens capsule and embryonic/fetal nucleus.
- Links: Vision - Lens Development
Stage 22 Eye
The images below link to virtual slides of the human developing eye at Carnegie stage 22. Click on the image to open or select specific regions from the regions of interest links.
|
|
Virtual Slide - Regions of Interest
|
Links: Embryo Virtual Slides
Retinotopic Map
This neuroscience term describes how the developing retina is precisely "mapped" onto the visual cortex through a series of signaling and activity dependent mechanisms. This follows from Hubel and Wiesel (1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) key discoveries (1959-70) of how in development system matching occurs in the visual system. The topographic map establishes an ordered neuronal connection between sensory structures and the central nervous system.
The retinotectal map (eye to brain) of birds (lower vertebrates):
- temporal (posterior) retina is connected to the rostral (anterior) part of the contralateral optic tectum
- nasal (anterior) retina to the caudal (posterior) tectum
- ventral retina to the dorsal (medial) tectum
- dorsal ventral (lateral) tectum
Retinal waves a form of coordinated spontaneous activity that occurs in the developing retina. These waves of electrical activity (action potentials) are thought to have a role in establishing the initial retinotopic map by correlating/coordinating the activity of neighbouring retinal ganglion cells.
EphA/ephrin-A molecular signaling also thought to have a role in establishing the initial retinotopic map.
Neural Crest
Mouse eye neural crest[7] |
Mouse eye TGF-beta model[7] |
- Links: Image - Mouse eye neural crest | Image - Mouse eye TGF-beta model | Vision Development | Neural Crest Development | Head Development
Schlemm's canal
Schematic showing the stages of Schlemm's canal development in the postnatal mouse by the novel process of canalogenesis.[8] (Cartoons have been drawn for clarity and are not intended to suggest that most early sprouts arise from the LVP.)
Extraocular Muscles
Extraocular muscles are required to move the eye within the orbit. Their embryonic origin requires an interaction between the cranial mesoderm and the migrating neural crest cells.
The following is from a recent paper comparing human to zebrafish muscle development.[9]
About the Muscles | Legend | |
---|---|---|
|
|
- Links: Extraocular Muscles
Additional Images
Historic Images
Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages |
---|
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers) |
References
- ↑ Swaroop A & Zack DJ. (2002). Transcriptome analysis of the retina. Genome Biol. , 3, REVIEWS1022. PMID: 12186651
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ribas VT, Gonçalves BS, Linden R & Chiarini LB. (2012). Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) during mitosis in retinal progenitor cells. PLoS ONE , 7, e34483. PMID: 22496813 DOI.
- ↑ Hayakawa I & Kawasaki H. (2010). Rearrangement of retinogeniculate projection patterns after eye-specific segregation in mice. PLoS ONE , 5, e11001. PMID: 20544023 DOI.
- ↑ Rapicavoli NA, Poth EM & Blackshaw S. (2010). The long noncoding RNA RNCR2 directs mouse retinal cell specification. BMC Dev. Biol. , 10, 49. PMID: 20459797 DOI.
- ↑ Pearson AA. (1980). The development of the eyelids. Part I. External features. J. Anat. , 130, 33-42. PMID: 7364662
- ↑ Streeter GL. Developmental Horizons In Human Embryos Description Or Age Groups XIX, XX, XXI, XXII, And XXIII, Being The Fifth Issue Of A Survey Of The Carnegie Collection. (1957) Carnegie Instn. Wash. Publ. 611, Contrib. Embryol., 36: 167-196.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ittner LM, Wurdak H, Schwerdtfeger K, Kunz T, Ille F, Leveen P, Hjalt TA, Suter U, Karlsson S, Hafezi F, Born W & Sommer L. (2005). Compound developmental eye disorders following inactivation of TGFbeta signaling in neural-crest stem cells. J. Biol. , 4, 11. PMID: 16403239 DOI. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name 'PMID16403239' defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Kizhatil K, Ryan M, Marchant JK, Henrich S & John SW. (2014). Schlemm's canal is a unique vessel with a combination of blood vascular and lymphatic phenotypes that forms by a novel developmental process. PLoS Biol. , 12, e1001912. PMID: 25051267 DOI.
- ↑ Kasprick DS, Kish PE, Junttila TL, Ward LA, Bohnsack BL & Kahana A. (2011). Microanatomy of adult zebrafish extraocular muscles. PLoS ONE , 6, e27095. PMID: 22132088 DOI.
Online Textbooks
- Kolb H, Fernandez E, Nelson R, editors. Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System [Internet]. Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Health Sciences Center; 1995-. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11530/
- Gilbert SF. Developmental Biology. 6th edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Development of the Vertebrate Eye. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10024/
- Evolution of the mammalian middle ear bones from the reptilian jaw | Chick embryo rhombomere neural crest cells | Some derivatives of the pharyngeal arches | Formation of the Neural Tube | Differentiation of the Neural Tube | Tissue Architecture of the Central Nervous System | Neuronal Types | Snapshot Summary: Central Nervous System and Epidermis
- Neuroscience Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David; Katz, Lawrence C.; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; McNamara, James O.; Williams, S. Mark. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc. ; c2001 The Auditory System | The Inner Ear | The Middle Ear | The External Ear | Early Brain Development | Construction of Neural Circuits | Modification of Brain Circuits as a Result of Experience
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th Edn) Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter. New York: Garland Publishing; 2002. Neural Development | The three phases of neural development
- Clinical Methods 63. Cranial Nerves IX and X: The Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves | The Tongue | 126. The Ear and Auditory System | An Overview of the Head and Neck - Ears and Hearing | Audiometry
- Health Services/Technology Assessment Text (HSTAT) Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), 2003 Oct. Developmental Disorders Associated with Failure to Thrive
- Eurekah Bioscience Collection Cranial Neural Crest and Development of the Head Skeleton
- Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System. Kolb H, Fernandez E, Nelson R, editors. Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Health Sciences Center; 1995-.
Reviews
Beby F & Lamonerie T. (2013). The homeobox gene Otx2 in development and disease. Exp. Eye Res. , 111, 9-16. PMID: 23523800 DOI.
Sung CH & Chuang JZ. (2010). The cell biology of vision. J. Cell Biol. , 190, 953-63. PMID: 20855501 DOI.
The International Journal of Developmental Biology Vol. 48 Nos. 8/9 (2004) Eye Development
Articles
Paquette LB, Jackson HA, Tavaré CJ, Miller DA & Panigrahy A. (2009). In utero eye development documented by fetal MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , 30, 1787-91. PMID: 19541779 DOI.
Bookshelf vision development
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed: vision development | eye development | eye embryology | retina embryology | lens embryology
Search Entrez: vision development | eye development | eye embryology | retina embryology | lens embryology
Terms
Vision Terms | ||
---|---|---|
|
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 24) Embryology Sensory - Vision Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Sensory_-_Vision_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G