Salivary Gland Development

Introduction

Adult Gastrointestinal Tract

The salivary glands arise as epithelial buds in the oral cavity between week 6 to 7 (GA week 8 to 9) and extend into the underlying mesenchyme. The three paired groups of salivary glands are named by their anatomical location: parotid, submandibular and sublingual.

The adult glands are mucoserous tubuloacinar glands, with secretory acini and the initial part of the duct system also participates in the secretory process.Secretions from glands close to the oral cavity are mainly mucous, while glands located further away from the oral cavity (parotid) are mainly serous. Structurally, each salivary gland is divided by connective tissue septa into lobes, which are in turn subdivided into lobules.

Links: Head Development | Gastrointestinal Tract Development

Additional Links

Head Links: Introduction | Medicine Lecture | Medicine Lab | Science Lecture | Lecture Movie | Science Lab | pharyngeal arch | Craniofacial Seminar | mouth | palate | tongue | placode | skull | neural crest | Head and Face Movies | head abnormalities | Category:Head Historic Head Embryology   1910 Skull | 1910 Skull Images | 1912 Nasolacrimal Duct | 1921 Human Brain Vascular | 1923 Head Subcutaneous Plexus | 1919 21mm Embryo Skull | 1920 Human Embryo Head Size | 1921 43 mm Fetal Skull | Historic Disclaimer GIT Links: Introduction | Medicine Lecture | Science Lecture | endoderm | mouth | oesophagus | stomach | liver | gallbladder | Pancreas | intestine | mesentery | tongue | taste | enteric nervous system | Stage 13 | Stage 22 | gastrointestinal abnormalities | Movies | Postnatal | milk | tooth | salivary gland | BGD Lecture | BGD Practical | GIT Terms | Category:Gastrointestinal Tract GIT Histology Links: Upper GIT | Salivary Gland | Smooth Muscle Histology | Liver | Gallbladder | Pancreas | Colon | Histology Stains | Histology | GIT Development Historic Embryology - Gastrointestinal Tract   1878 Alimentary Canal | 1882 The Organs of the Inner Germ-Layer The Alimentary Tube with its Appended Organs | 1884 Great omentum and transverse mesocolon | 1902 Meckel's diverticulum | 1902 The Organs of Digestion | 1903 Submaxillary Gland | 1906 Liver | 1907 Development of the Digestive System | 1907 Atlas | 1907 23 Somite Embryo | 1908 Liver | 1908 Liver and Vascular | 1910 Mucous membrane Oesophagus to Small Intestine | 1910 Large intestine and Vermiform process | 1911-13 Intestine and Peritoneum - Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 5 | Part 6 | 1912 Digestive Tract | 1912 Stomach | 1914 Digestive Tract | 1914 Intestines | 1914 Rectum | 1915 Pharynx | 1915 Intestinal Rotation | 1917 Entodermal Canal | 1918 Anatomy | 1921 Alimentary Tube | 1932 Gall Bladder | 1939 Alimentary Canal Looping | 1940 Duodenum anomalies | 2008 Liver | 2016 GIT Notes | Historic Disclaimer Human Embryo: 1908 13-14 Somite Embryo | 1921 Liver Suspensory Ligament | 1926 22 Somite Embryo | 1907 23 Somite Embryo | 1937 25 Somite Embryo | 1914 27 Somite Embryo | 1914 Week 7 Embryo Animal Development: 1913 Chicken | 1951 Frog

Some Recent Findings

Developmental and evolutionary origins of the pharyngeal apparatus "The vertebrate pharyngeal apparatus, serving the dual functions of feeding and respiration, has its embryonic origin in a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches. Developmental studies have been able to discern how these structures are constructed and this has opened the way for an analysis of how the pharyngeal apparatus was assembled and modified during evolution. For many years, the role of the neural crest in organizing pharyngeal development was emphasized and, as this was believed to be a uniquely vertebrate cell type, it was suggested that the development of the pharyngeal apparatus of vertebrates was distinct from that of other chordates."

More recent papers

This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link. This search now requires a manual link as the original PubMed extension has been disabled. The displayed list of references do not reflect any editorial selection of material based on content or relevance. References also appear on this list based upon the date of the actual page viewing. References listed on the rest of the content page and the associated discussion page (listed under the publication year sub-headings) do include some editorial selection based upon both relevance and availability. More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Salivary Gland Development <pubmed limit=5>Salivary Gland Development</pubmed>

Histology

Root of Tongue

It shows interlacing striated muscle fibres, lingual tonsils with lymphatic nodules, crypts, mucoserous glands, and ducts of the glands (some mucous acini have serous demilunes). Tongue: circumvallate papillae Taste buds in the lateral wall of circumvallate papillae; von Ebner's serous glands and ducts; striated muscle fascicles; blood vessels; nerve fascicles; lymph aggregations.

Circumvallate Papilla

Human Tongue ( lingual salivary gland, white adipose tissue, skeletal muscle)

Submandibular gland

Mixed salivary gland; predominantly serous acini; some mucous acini with serous demilunes; interlobular ducts with stratified cuboidal or stratified columnar epithelium; connective tissue; striated ducts with simple cuboidal lining epithelium; short intercalated ducts.

Sublingual gland

Predominantly mucous acini; some serous demilunes; interlobular ducts with stratified cuboidal/columnar epithelium; connective tissue; striated ducts with simple columnar lining epithelium; short intercalated ducts.

Parotid gland

Serous salivary gland; lobules; connective tissue septa; serous acini, zymogen granules; striated ducts; interlobular ducts with stratified epithelium; intercalated ducts; lymph node with capsule.

References

Search PubMed

Search term: Head Development | Parotid Development | Submandibular Gland Development | Sublingual Gland Development

Terms

Abbreviations: ( ) plural form in brackets, A. Arabic, abb. abbreviation, c. circa =about, F. French adj. adjective, G. Greek, Ge. German, cf. compare, L. Latin, dim. diminutive, NA. Nomina anatomica, q.v. which see, OF. Old French

• acinus (-i) - L. = a juicy berry, a grape; applied to small, rounded terminal secretory units of compound exocrine glands that have a small lumen (adj. acinar).
• buccal - L. bucca = cheek; related to cheek or mouth.
• circumvallate papillae - (vallate papillae) tongue largest and least numerous papillae (human 8 to 12) occur in depressions of the surface of the tongue and are surrounded with a trench formed by the infolding of the epithelium. Taste buds are numerous on the lateral surfaces of these papillae and the excretory ducts of serous glands (glands of von Ebner) open into the trenches surrounding the papillae.
• demilune - L. dimidius = half + luna = moon; crescent-shaped cap of serous cells over mucous alveolus in some salivary glands.
• ductus (-us) - L. = passage from L. ducere = to lead; tube lined by epithelium for exocrine glandular secretions to reach surface.
• filiform papillae - tongue smallest and most numerous papillae, provide a rough surface to aid in the manipulation and processing of foods.
• fungiform - L. fungus = mushroom + forma = a shape; of lingual papillae.
• fungiform papillae - tongue single evenly spaced between the filiform papillae. Epithelium is slightly thinner than on the remaining surface of the tongue and connective tissue core is richly vascularised.
• gland - L. glandula , dim of L. glans = an acorn, a pellet; term used to describe mesenteric lymph nodes (Herophilus, c. 300 BC).
• intercalated - L. inter = between + calare = to proclaim, calatus = inserted; of a duct inserted between the end of the gland (acinus, or alveolus) and a larger duct.
• intercalated duct - cuboidal epithelium, modify saliva, add bicarbonate ions (buffering) and absorb chloride.
• intramural - L. intra = within + murus = wall; within the wall of an organ.
• labial - adj. L. labialis = of the lips, L. labium = lip, rim of a vessel.
• lacteal - L. lac = milk ( lacteus = of milk, lactare = to suckle); intestinal lymphatic, containing chyle after a fatty meal.
• lining epithelium - non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium, covers the remaining (non-masticatory epithelium) surfaces of the oral cavity.
• lingual - adj. L. lingua = tongue.
• lips - outside (lined by skin) and inside (oral mucosa), vermilion border (prolabium) transition from the skin to the oral mucosa, forms only small part of the anatomical lips.
• lumen - L. = light; space enclosed by tubular or vesicular structure; hence luminal.
• masticatory epithelium - covers the tongue, gingivae and hard palate. Keratinised epithelium to different degrees depending on the extent of physical forces exerted on the epithelium.
• microvilli - epithelial cell apical surface specialisation seen in the small intestinal. These microfilament filled structures increase the surface area for absorption and secretion.
• mucin - L. mucus from G. muxa = snot, slime; protein constituent of all mucus; occurs as granules in secretory cells.
• mucosa - (-ae) L. = mucous membrane.
• mucus - L. = slime (adj. mucous).
• oesophagus - G. oiso = future of phero = I carry + pahgein = to eat; G. oisophagos = gullet, or tube carrying food from pharynx to stomach.
• oesophageal glands - located in the submucosa produce a mucous secretion, which lubricates the epithelium and aids the passage of food. Oesophagus closest to the stomach may also be mucosal mucus-producing glands, similar to the glands in the adjacent mucosa of the stomach.
• oral - adj. L. os, oris = mouth.
• palate - L. palatum = roof of mouth.
• palisade - L. palus = stake; like a fence of stakes.
• papilla - (-ae) L. = a teat, a nipple; a nipple-like projection, e.g., on the tonge (Malpighi, c. 1670; cf. circumvallate, filiform, foliate, fungiform, vallate); duodenal papilla (containing duodenal ampulla).
• parotid - G. para = beside + otos = of the ear; a salivary gland.
• ruga - (-ae) L. = a fold or wrinkle, e.g., in stomach.
• sac - L. saccus = sack, bag, from G. sakkos .
• salivary - L. saliva = spittle.
• secretion - L. secretus = separated; production of materials by glandular activity.
• serous - adj. L. = having nature of serum, watery fluid.
• striated ducts - modifies saliva (secretion of potassium and the absorption of sodium), columnar cells with the nucleus of located approximately midways between the apical and basal cell surfaces. Striations are found in the basal part of the cytoplasm of the cells, where numerous mitochondria are found between infoldings of the basal cell membrane. These cells can also take up a secretable form of antibodies and release them into the saliva.
• submandibular - adj. L. " + mandibula = jaw.
• tongue muscles - skeletal muscle organized into strands oriented more or less perpendicular to each other.
• tongue nerves - movement (XII, hypoglossal nerve - motor) and sensory information. (V, trigeminal nerve - sensory - anterior two-thirds; VII, facial nerve - taste; IX, glossopharyngeal nerve - sensory/taste - posterior one-third).
• tonsil - L. tonsilla (origin obscure); mass of lymphocytes close to an epithelium, e.g., lingual tonsil, palatine tonsil (the "tonsil"), pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid, tonsil of Luschka, q.v.), tubal tonsil (of auditory tube).
• tubuloacinar gland - secretory acini with the first part of the duct system also participating in the secretory process.
• vallate papillae - see circumvallate papillae.
• von Ebner's glands - serous glands associated with circumvallate papillae, their ducts open into the trenches surrounding the papillae ("rinsing glands").

---

---

Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link

---

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 18) Embryology Salivary Gland Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Salivary_Gland_Development

What Links Here?

© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G