SH Practical - Respiratory

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Introduction

Respiratory tract
SHsmall.jpg

Current page provides further background information for Medicine phase 1 Society and Health Respiratory Histology Practical Virtual Slides. This page content is not part of the SH practical class.


Virtual Slides: Respiratory Histology


SH Links: Lymphatic Lecture | Lymphatics Practical Support | Respiratory Lecture | Respiratory Practical Support | Medicine

Upper Respiratory Tract - Nasal Cavity

Respiratory

Respiratory histology 12.jpg Respiratory histology 11.jpg
Nasal respiratory epithelium (inferior concha) Nasal respiratory epithelium (detail)
Nasal Respiratory Histology: overview image | detail image | Histology | Histology Stains

Olfactory

Nasal cavity olfactory epithelium cells

  1. Olfactory cells
  2. Sustentacular cells - located mainly in the superficial cell layer of the epithelium (difficult to distinguish from olfactory cells).
  3. Basal cells - identified by their location.
Epithelium
  • Cilia are not visible
  • goblet cells are absent from the olfactory epithelium.
Lamina Propria
  • olfactory axon bundles (lightly stained, rounded areas) connected to olfactory cells.
  • Bowman's glands - (small mucous glands, olfactory glands) function to moisturise the epithelium.


Respiratory histology 13.jpg Respiratory histology 14.jpg
Nasal cavity olfactory Nasal cavity olfactory (detail)
Nasal Olfactory Histology: overview image | detail image | Smell Development | Histology | Histology Stains

Trachea

trachea histology

Mucosa - formed by epithelium and underlying lamina propria.

  • respiratory epithelium - (pseudostratified columnar and ciliated) ciliated cells, goblet cells, brush cells, endocrine cells, surfactant-producing cells (Clara cells), serous cells, basal cells, basement membrane.
  • lamina propria - loose connective tissue, many elastic fibres.
  • elastic lamina - forming the border between the mucosa and submucosa is not visible in H&E stained slides.

Submucosa - connective tissue and submucosal glands.

Submucosal Glands

(muco-serous) serous (dark) and mucous (light) parts have different staining appearance.

  • Mucous secretions - "slimy" (high viscosity) mucous acini cells appear "foamy" or "frothy" and poorly stained (light). nuclei dark and smaller than serous.
  • Serous secretions - "watery" (low viscosity) serous acini cell apical cytoplasm is usually well-stained (dark). nuclei round to ovoid located in cell basal cytoplasm.


Cartilage

  • perichondrium - surface of cartilage.
  • tracheal cartilage - hyaline cartilage, 16 to 20 C-shaped cartilages.
  • trachealis muscle - (smooth muscle) Not visible in this section, together with connective tissue fibres, join ends of the cartilages together.

Hyaline Cartilage Development

  • forms from mesenchymal cells.
  • precursor cells become rounded and form densely packed cellular masses, chondrification centres.
  • chondroblasts - (cartilage-forming cells) begin secreting the extracellular matrix components of cartilage.
    • extracellular matrix - ground substance (hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfates and keratan sulfate) and tropocollagen (polymerises into fine collagen fibres, not visible).
Trachea Histology Links: Overview HE | Overview VG | Detail 1 HE Detail 2 HE | Respiratory Histology | Histology Stains | Histology

Hyaline cartilage 03.jpg Hyaline cartilage 04.jpg


Respiratory histology 05.jpg Respiratory histology 06.jpg

Trachea Histology Links: Overview HE | Overview VG | Detail 1 HE Detail 2 HE | Respiratory Histology | Histology Stains | Histology

Bronchiole

Respiratory histology 01.jpg Respiratory histology 09.jpg

Alveolar Ducts and Alveoli

Lung primary lobule 01.jpg Lung secondary lobule 01.jpg
Alveoli and blood vessels Lung structure

Alveolar-sac-01.jpg

The alveoli cellular structure

Alveolar type I cells
  • small alveolar cells or type I pneumocytes
  • are extremely flattened (the cell may be as thin as 0.05 µm)
  • form the bulk (95%) of the surface of the alveolar walls.
  • The shape of the cells is very complex, and they may actually form part of the epithelium on both faces of the alveolar wall.
Alveolar type II cells
  • large alveolar cells or type II pneumocytes
  • about as many type II cells as type I cells (cell shape accounts for small contribution to alveolar area).
  • irregularly (sometimes cuboidal) shaped.
  • form small bulges on the alveolar walls.
  • contain are large number of granules called cytosomes (or multilamellar bodies)
    • consist of precursors to pulmonary surfactant (mixture of phospholipids that keep surface tension in the alveoli low).

Respiratory histology 08.jpg Respiratory histology 07.jpg

Respiratory histology 02.jpg Respiratory histology 03.jpg Respiratory histology 04.jpg Respiratory histology 10.jpg
Alveolar Duct Alveoli Alveoli Elastin Lung Reticular Fibres


Gallery


Respiratory Histology: Bronchiole | Alveolar Duct | Alveoli | EM Alveoli septum | Alveoli Elastin | Trachea 1 | Trachea 2 | labeled lung | unlabeled lung | Respiratory Bronchiole | Lung Reticular Fibres | Nasal Inferior Concha | Nasal Respiratory Epithelium | Olfactory Region overview | Olfactory Region Epithelium | Histology Stains


Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link



Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology SH Practical - Respiratory. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/SH_Practical_-_Respiratory

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G