Respiratory System Development: Difference between revisions

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==Additional Images==
==Additional Images==
===Upper respiratory tract===
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Gitbpm.jpg|stage 11 foregut
File:Gray0982a.jpg|week 4 early respiratory endodermal bud
File:Head_arches_cartoon.jpg|Head arches cartoon
File:Pharynx_cartoon.jpg|Pharynx
File:Nasal cavities.jpg|Nasal cavities
File:Pharynx.jpg|Pharynx
File:Larynx.jpg|Larynx
</gallery>
===Lower respiratory tract===
<gallery>
File:Gray0982a.jpg|week 4 early respiratory endodermal bud
File:Gray0982b.jpg|week 4 later ventral endoderm growth
File:Bronchi lungs.jpg|lower respiratory tract
File:Respiratory tract.jpg|conducting system bronchi to lungs
</gallery>
</gallery>



Revision as of 11:11, 14 April 2010

Introduction

The respiratory system does not carry out its physiological function (of gas exchange) until after birth. The respiratory tract, diaphragm and lungs do form early in embryonic development. The respiratory tract is divided anatomically into 2 main parts: 1. upper respiratory tract, consisting of the nose, nasal cavity and the pharynx; 2. lower respiratory tract consisting of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and the lungs.

In the head/neck region, the pharynx forms a major arched cavity within the phrayngeal arches. The lungs go through 4 distinct histological phases of development and in late fetal development respiratory motions and amniotic fliud are thought to have a role in lung maturation.

Development of this system is not completed until the last weeks of Fetal development, just before birth. Therefore premature babies have difficulties associated with insufficient surfactant (end month 6 alveolar cells type 2 appear and begin to secrete surfactant).

--Mark Hill 09:25, 14 April 2010 (EST) Page Template only - content from original UNSW Embryology site currently being edited and updated.


Links: Lecture - Respiratory Development | Category:Respiratory | original Respiratory Development page

Some Recent Findings

Textbooks

  • Human Embryology Larson Chapter 9 p229-260
  • The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (6th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapter 12 p271-302
  • Before We Are Born (5th ed.) Moore and Persaud Chapter 13 p255-287
  • Essentials of Human Embryology Larson Chapter 9 p123-146
  • Human Embryology Fitzgerald and Fitzgerald Chapter 19,20 p119-123
  • Anatomy of the Human Body 1918 Henry Gray 1. The Respiratory Apparatus

Objectives

  • Describe the development of the respiratory system from the endodermal and mesodermal components.
  • Describe the main steps in the development of the lungs.
  • Describe the development of the diaphragm and thoracic cavities.
  • List the respiratory changes before and after birth.
  • Describe the developmental aberrations responsible for the following malformations: tracheo - oesophageal fistula (T.O.F); oesphageal atresia; diaphragmatic hernia; lobar emphysema.

Computer Activities

Development Overview

Week 4 - laryngotracheal groove forms on floor foregut.

Week 5 - left and right lung buds push into the pericardioperitoneal canals (primordia of pleural cavity)

Week 6 - descent of heart and lungs into thorax. Pleuroperitoneal foramen closes.

Week 7 - enlargement of liver stops descent of heart and lungs.

Month 3-6 - lungs appear glandular, end month 6 alveolar cells type 2 appear and begin to secrete surfactant.

Month 7 - respiratory bronchioles proliferate and end in alveolar ducts and sacs.

Lung Development

  • week 4 - 5 embryonic
  • week 5 - 17 pseudoglandular
  • week 16 - 25 canalicular
  • week 24 - 40 terminal sac
  • late fetal - 8 years alveolar

References


Reviews

Articles

Search PubMed

Search April 2010 "Respiratory Development" - All (28939) Review (5876) Free Full Text (7203)

Search Pubmed: Respiratory Development

Additional Images

Upper respiratory tract

Lower respiratory tract

Terms

Glossary Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Respiratory System Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Respiratory_System_Development

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G