Placenta - Vascular Beds: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
[[File:Human placenta vascular MRI 02.jpg|thumb|alt=Human placenta vascular MRI|Human placenta vascular MRI]] | |||
Development of the placenta vascular beds is important to maintain feats growth and development. Diagnostically the vascular tree can now be imaged by a range of techniques and vessel blood flow can be measured by doppler ultrasound. When considering placental vascular bed development, the associated changes in maternal decimal blood flow and development should also be considered. | |||
{{Placenta Links}} | |||
==Some Recent Findings== | |||
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* '''Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are essential for fetal-maternal connection and embryo viability''' [https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008739 PLoS] "Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are a family of intracellular Ca2+ release channels located on the ER membrane, which in mammals consist of 3 different subtypes (IP3R1, IP3R2, and IP3R3). IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signaling has been proposed to play an essential role in regulating cardiovascular development, and IP3R1 and IP3R2 double knockout (DKO) {{mice}} has been shown to develop cardiovascular defects and embryonic lethality. However, our present study using conditional cell-specific gene deletion strategy revealed that deletion of both genes in cardiomyocytes, endothelial / hematopoietic cells, and early precursors of the cardiovascular lineages in mice could not result in similar lethal phenotypes. By contrast, we observed allantoic-placental defects including reduced sizes of umbilical vessels and reduced depth of placental labyrinth in DKO embryos, which could occur independently from other phenotypes in DKO embryos. We further found that deletion of both IP3R1 and IP3R2 in epiblast also resulted in embryonic lethality and similar allantoic-placental defects. Our results demonstrated that IP3R1 and IP3R2 play an essential and redundant role in maintaining the integrity of fetal-maternal connection and embryonic viability." | |||
* '''The human placental proteome secreted into the maternal and fetal circulations in normal pregnancy based on 4-vessel sampling.'''{{#pmid:30335547|PMID30335547}} "We sought to identify proteins secreted by the human placenta into the maternal and fetal circulations. Blood samples from the maternal radial artery and uterine vein and umbilical artery and vein were obtained during cesarean section in 35 healthy women with term pregnancy. ...Thirty-four proteins were significantly secreted by the placenta into the maternal circulation, including placental growth factor, growth/differentiation factor 15, and matrix metalloproteinase 12. There were 341 proteins significantly secreted by the placenta into the fetal circulation. Only 7 proteins were secreted into both the fetal and maternal circulations, suggesting a distinct directionality in placental protein release. We examined changes across gestation in the proteins found to be significantly secreted by the placenta into the maternal circulation using serial blood samples from healthy women. Among the 34 proteins secreted into the maternal circulation, 8 changed significantly across gestation." | |||
* '''Diversity in human placental microvascular endothelial cells and macrovascular endothelial cells'''{{#pmid:30269024|PMID30269024}} "Angiogenesis is fundamental to normal placental development, and aberrant angiogenesis contributes substantially to placental pathologies. Placental angiogenesis is a pivotal process that plays a key mechanistic role in the elaboration of the placental villous tree, which is mainly taken by human placental microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs), present in the fetal capillaries of chorionic villi, and macrovascular human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) also play a role in this process. ...These data provided evidence of heterogeneity between microvascular HPMECs and macrovascular HUVECs that most likely reflected significant differences in endothelial cell function in the two different cellular environments." | |||
* '''The relationship between human placental morphometry and ultrasonic measurements of utero-placental blood flow and fetal growth'''{{#pmid:26907381|PMID26907381}} "Placental area and weight are associated with uterine and umbilical blood flow, respectively, and both are associated with fetal growth rate." | |||
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! More recent papers | |||
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| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}} | |||
Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Placenta+Blood+Vessel ''Placenta Vessel Embryology''] | |||
<pubmed limit=5>Placenta Blood Vessel</pubmed> | |||
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! Older papers | |||
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| {{Older papers}} | |||
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==Human Placenta== | ==Human Placenta== | ||
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| [[File:Human placenta vascular 01.jpg| | | [[File:Human placenta vascular 01.jpg|800px]] | ||
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| Human placenta viewed from the fetal side | | Human placenta viewed from the fetal side{{#pmid:20226038|PMID20226038}} | ||
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! Magnetic resonance angiography | |||
! Computed tomography angiography | |||
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| [[File:Human_placenta_vascular_MRI_01.jpg|400px]] | |||
[[File:Human_placenta_vascular_MRI_02.jpg|400px]] | |||
| [[File:Human_placenta_vascular_CT_01.jpg|400px]] | |||
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{{Placenta_vascular_bed_links}} | |||
==Mouse Placenta== | ==Mouse Placenta== | ||
===Vascular Beds=== | ===Vascular Beds=== | ||
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| [[File:Mouse_placenta_02.jpg|300px]] | | [[File:Mouse_placenta_02.jpg|300px]] | ||
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| Mouse placenta E16.5 | | Mouse placenta E16.5{{#pmid:14673158|PMID14673158}} | ||
| Mouse placenta lateral view (E16.5) | | Mouse placenta lateral view (E16.5){{#pmid:14673158|PMID14673158}} | ||
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=== | ===Hoxa13 Expression=== | ||
[[File:Mouse- placenta Hox13 expression.jpg| | [[File:Mouse- placenta Hox13 expression.jpg|600px]] | ||
Cartoon showing mouse placenta development organization and the expression pattern for Hoxa13{{#pmid:18483557|PMID18483557}} | |||
:'''Links:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/142959 OMIM - HOXA13] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Placenta%20Vascular%20Beds Placenta Vascular Beds] | '''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Placenta%20Vascular%20Beds Placenta Vascular Beds] | ||
{{ | ==Terms== | ||
* '''cerebroplacental ratio''' - (CPR) measured by doppler ultrasound, the ratio between the middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (PI) MoM and the umbilical artery PI. A potential predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome. | |||
* '''pulsatility index''' - (PI) systolic peak velocity/diastolic peak velocity)/velocity time integral | |||
* '''resistance index''' - (RI) systolic peak velocity/diastolic peak velocity)/systolic peak velocity | |||
* '''S/D''' - systolic/diastolic ratio | |||
{{Placenta terms}} | |||
{{Glossary}} | |||
{{ | {{Footer}} | ||
[[Category:Placenta]] [[Category:System Development]] | [[Category:Placenta]] [[Category:System Development]] |
Latest revision as of 11:45, 23 April 2020
Embryology - 25 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Development of the placenta vascular beds is important to maintain feats growth and development. Diagnostically the vascular tree can now be imaged by a range of techniques and vessel blood flow can be measured by doppler ultrasound. When considering placental vascular bed development, the associated changes in maternal decimal blood flow and development should also be considered.
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Placenta Vessel Embryology <pubmed limit=5>Placenta Blood Vessel</pubmed> |
Older papers |
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These papers originally appeared in the Some Recent Findings table, but as that list grew in length have now been shuffled down to this collapsible table.
See also the Discussion Page for other references listed by year and References on this current page. |
Human Placenta
Human placenta viewed from the fetal side[4] |
Magnetic resonance angiography | Computed tomography angiography |
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- Vascular Bed Links: Image - MRA and CTA | Image - magnetic resonance | Image - magnetic resonance labeled | Image - computed tomography | Placenta - Vascular Beds | Placenta Development
Mouse Placenta
Vascular Beds
Mouse placenta E16.5[5] | Mouse placenta lateral view (E16.5)[5] |
Hoxa13 Expression
Cartoon showing mouse placenta development organization and the expression pattern for Hoxa13[6]
- Links: OMIM - HOXA13
References
- ↑ Michelsen TM, Henriksen T, Reinhold D, Powell TL & Jansson T. (2018). The human placental proteome secreted into the maternal and fetal circulations in normal pregnancy based on 4-vessel sampling. FASEB J. , , fj201801193R. PMID: 30335547 DOI.
- ↑ Huang X, Jia L, Qian Z, Jia Y, Chen X, Xu X, Chang X, Liu M & Wang K. (2018). Diversity in human placental microvascular endothelial cells and macrovascular endothelial cells. Cytokine , 111, 287-294. PMID: 30269024 DOI.
- ↑ Salavati N, Sovio U, Mayo RP, Charnock-Jones DS & Smith GC. (2016). The relationship between human placental morphometry and ultrasonic measurements of utero-placental blood flow and fetal growth. Placenta , 38, 41-8. PMID: 26907381 DOI.
- ↑ Rasmussen AS, Lauridsen H, Laustsen C, Jensen BG, Pedersen SF, Uhrenholt L, Boel LW, Uldbjerg N, Wang T & Pedersen M. (2010). High-resolution ex vivo magnetic resonance angiography: a feasibility study on biological and medical tissues. BMC Physiol. , 10, 3. PMID: 20226038 DOI.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rodriguez TA, Sparrow DB, Scott AN, Withington SL, Preis JI, Michalicek J, Clements M, Tsang TE, Shioda T, Beddington RS & Dunwoodie SL. (2004). Cited1 is required in trophoblasts for placental development and for embryo growth and survival. Mol. Cell. Biol. , 24, 228-44. PMID: 14673158
- ↑ Shaut CA, Keene DR, Sorensen LK, Li DY & Stadler HS. (2008). HOXA13 Is essential for placental vascular patterning and labyrinth endothelial specification. PLoS Genet. , 4, e1000073. PMID: 18483557 DOI.
Reviews
Articles
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Placenta Vascular Beds
Terms
- cerebroplacental ratio - (CPR) measured by doppler ultrasound, the ratio between the middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (PI) MoM and the umbilical artery PI. A potential predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome.
- pulsatility index - (PI) systolic peak velocity/diastolic peak velocity)/velocity time integral
- resistance index - (RI) systolic peak velocity/diastolic peak velocity)/systolic peak velocity
- S/D - systolic/diastolic ratio
Placenta Terms (expand to view) |
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with an incidence of about 2.8 per 1,000 pregnancies, there is also a rarer form of extra-abdominal varices.PMID 24883288
with an incidence of about 2.8 per 1,000 pregnancies, there is also a rarer form of extra-abdominal varices. PMID 24883288
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 25) Embryology Placenta - Vascular Beds. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Placenta_-_Vascular_Beds
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G