Placenta - Maternal Decidua
Embryology - 18 Apr 2024    Expand to Translate
|
|---|
| Google Translate - select your language from the list shown below (this will open a new external page) |
|
العربية | català | 中文 | 中國傳統的 | français | Deutsche | עִברִית | हिंदी | bahasa Indonesia | italiano | 日本語 | 한국어 | မြန်မာ | Pilipino | Polskie | português | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ | Română | русский | Español | Swahili | Svensk | ไทย | Türkçe | اردو | ייִדיש | Tiếng Việt These external translations are automated and may not be accurate. (More? About Translations) |
Introduction
This page gives an overview of aspects of maternal component of placental development, formed initially by the decidualization of the endometrium.
In week 2, the trophoblast shell cells proliferate and form a syncitiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast layer around the conceptus. Syncitiotrophoblast cells migrate into the uterine wall, forming maternal blood-filled spaces (lacunae).
Decidualization is the process of converting endometrial stromal cells into decidual cells and requires at least 8–10 days of hormone stimulation. A similar "decidual" cellular change, but less significant, also occurs in the uterine lining after ovulation during the secretory phase of the non-pregnant uterus.
- initiated during the mid-secretory phase of the menstrual cycle
- in response to elevated progesterone levels
- acts mainly through progesterone receptor (PR) PR-A (other isoform is PR-B)
Placentation begins once the conceptus begins to implant in the uterine wall and the placenta will have both a fetal and a maternal component.
During pregnancy, both the maternal blood volume increases by about 50% and the uterine blood flow increases 10 to 12 fold. Flow increase is due to the trophoblast cell invasion of the spiral arteries opening them into blood-filled spaces of the placenta.
For the non-pregnant uterus background see Menstrual Cycle and Uterus Development.
Maternal Decidua
The maternal uterine endometrium stromal cells (fibroblast-like) are transformed by steroid hormones (progesterone) and embryonic signals into the decidua.
The entire maternal decidua is divided into three regions: decidua basalis, decidua capsularis and decidua parietalis.
These 3 regions are named by their positional relationship to the conceptus.
Decidualization Factors
Preimplantation factor
- Preimplantation factor (PIF) secreted only by viable embryos.
- a 15 amino acid peptide MVRIKPGSANKPSDD
- regulates immunity, promoting embryo-decidual adhesion, and regulating adaptive apoptotic processes.[1]
Activin A
Member of the a transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily, contributes to human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) decidualization and has been localized to decidual cells in the human endometrium. (possibly also BMP2 and TGFbeta1)[2]
Prokineticin 1
Prokineticin 1 (PROK1) signalling via prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1) regulates Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) expression, a negative regulator of canonical Wnt signaling.[3]
References
Reviews
Articles
<pubmed>21144801</pubmed>
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Maternal Decidua | Decidualization
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 18) Embryology Placenta - Maternal Decidua. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Placenta_-_Maternal_Decidua
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
