https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Paper_-_The_hormone_of_the_corpus_luteum&feed=atom&action=historyPaper - The hormone of the corpus luteum - Revision history2024-03-28T11:47:46ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.6https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Paper_-_The_hormone_of_the_corpus_luteum&diff=394901&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 23:45, 23 December 20192019-12-23T23:45:59Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Modern Notes:''' {{progesterone}} | {{corpus luteum}} </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Modern Notes:''' {{progesterone}} | {{corpus luteum}} </div></td></tr>
</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Paper_-_The_hormone_of_the_corpus_luteum&diff=378812&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 07:48, 5 May 20192019-05-05T07:48:34Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Meanwhile my fellow-worker, Willard Allen, was making successful efforts to purify the extracts. Our crude extracts were already free of appreciable quantities of protein and of phospholipids. Allen (1930) carried the process further by the removal of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, neutral fats and fatty acids. Other workers (Fels and Slotta, 1931; Fevold and Hisaw, 1932; and Allen, 1932) ultimately obtained an almost pure crystalline substance of high potency. For his part of this work Allen received the Eli Lilly 1935 award of the American Chemical Society for the best work in biochemistry done by an American under 31 years of age. O. Wintersteiner of Columbia University, whose microanalytic skill was called into collaboration with Allen (1934), completed the purification and determined that the crystalline substance possesses the empirical formula C,,H3 902, and that both oxygen atoms are present in diketone linkage. The crystals occur in two forms, namely prisms (designated as the alpha form), melting at 128°, and needles (beta form), melting at 121°. Practically at the same time Slotta, Ruschig and Fels of Breslau (1934), and Butenandt and Westphal (19342) of Danzig also described ultimate purification of the crystalline preparations, and before long announced, as probably correct, the structural formula illustrated in the accompanying diagram :</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Meanwhile my fellow-worker, Willard Allen, was making successful efforts to purify the extracts. Our crude extracts were already free of appreciable quantities of protein and of phospholipids. Allen (1930) carried the process further by the removal of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, neutral fats and fatty acids. Other workers (Fels and Slotta, 1931; Fevold and Hisaw, 1932; and Allen, 1932) ultimately obtained an almost pure crystalline substance of high potency. For his part of this work Allen received the Eli Lilly 1935 award of the American Chemical Society for the best work in biochemistry done by an American under 31 years of age. O. Wintersteiner of Columbia University, whose microanalytic skill was called into collaboration with Allen (1934), completed the purification and determined that the crystalline substance possesses the empirical formula C,,H3 902, and that both oxygen atoms are present in diketone linkage. The crystals occur in two forms, namely prisms (designated as the alpha form), melting at 128°, and needles (beta form), melting at 121°. Practically at the same time Slotta, Ruschig and Fels of Breslau (1934), and Butenandt and Westphal (19342) of Danzig also described ultimate purification of the crystalline preparations, and before long announced, as probably correct, the structural formula illustrated in the accompanying diagram :</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Crs i CHs| WANN te oN</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">--Insert diagram here--</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">OLIN</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Professor Crew’s remarks (see Discussion) refer to a half-serious remark of the lecturer at this point, when he stated that the rabbits in question did not nurse their young, although lactation was well established, and suggested the possibility that even so poetic an attribute of maternity as the instinct to care for the young, may be in some respects dependent upon chemical factors.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Professor Crew’s remarks (see Discussion) refer to a half-serious remark</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>of the lecturer at this point, when he stated that the rabbits in question did not nurse their young, although lactation was well established, and suggested the possibility that even so poetic an attribute of maternity as the instinct to care for the young, may be in some respects dependent upon chemical factors.</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When it became convenient to invent a name for the corpus luteum hormone we felt that we were justified by these experiments in coining the word "progestin", that is to say, a substance which favours gestation. After the chemical identity of the hormone was determined, an international agreement among the workers interested established the name '''{{progesterone}}''' to indicate the pure substance, the word progestin being reserved as a family name for all chemically related substances having similar action, should others be discovered in the future, and also as a convenient word to cover partially purified extracts not definitely characterised by chemical analysis. Up to the present time this one chemical substance is the only one known which is strongly potent as tested upon the rabbit’s uterus, but progress of research and synthesis in the field of sterols has led to the discovery (Parkes, 1936) that several other similar compounds have at least a little progestational activity.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When it became convenient to invent a name for the corpus luteum hormone we felt that we were justified by these experiments in coining the word "progestin", that is to say, a substance which favours gestation. After the chemical identity of the hormone was determined, an international agreement among the workers interested established the name '''{{progesterone}}''' to indicate the pure substance, the word progestin being reserved as a family name for all chemically related substances having similar action, should others be discovered in the future, and also as a convenient word to cover partially purified extracts not definitely characterised by chemical analysis. Up to the present time this one chemical substance is the only one known which is strongly potent as tested upon the rabbit’s uterus, but progress of research and synthesis in the field of sterols has led to the discovery (Parkes, 1936) that several other similar compounds have at least a little progestational activity.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Androsterone</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1935 a committee of experts, invited by the Permanent Commission of the League of Nations on Biological Standardisation, and acting under the chairmanship of Sir Henry Dale, agreed upon an international unit of progesterone, namely the activity possessed by 1 mgrm. of the crystalline substance. During the period when only crude extracts were available, investigators were using various means of expressing the potency of their preparations. Corner and Allen, for example, used a rabbit unit defined as the amount of an extract necessary to produce in the adult rabbit in five days under certain specified conditions an alteration of the endometrium similar to that occurring in the pregnant rabbit on the eighth day. In practice, the state of the endometrium of the test rabbit was compared with a series of preparations indicating progressive changes designated by +, ++, +++ and ++-++, as illustrated in Allen’s paper of 1930(a). Other investigators adopted this convenient notation, but modified the test by using immature rabbits primed with cestrin. Such young animals are more sensitive than adults, and therefore the Clauberg unit and the McPhail unit refer to about half as much progesterone as a Corner-Allen unit, which is about equal to I international unit or a little less.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1935 a committee of experts, invited by the Permanent Commission of the League of Nations on Biological Standardisation, and acting under the chairmanship of Sir Henry Dale, agreed upon an international unit of progesterone, namely the activity possessed by 1 mgrm. of the crystalline substance. During the period when only crude extracts were available, investigators were using various means of expressing the potency of their preparations. Corner and Allen, for example, used a rabbit unit defined as the amount of an extract necessary to produce in the adult rabbit in five days under certain specified conditions an alteration of the endometrium similar to that occurring in the pregnant rabbit on the eighth day. In practice, the state of the endometrium of the test rabbit was compared with a series of preparations indicating progressive changes designated by +, ++, +++ and ++-++, as illustrated in Allen’s paper of 1930(a). Other investigators adopted this convenient notation, but modified the test by using immature rabbits primed with cestrin. Such young animals are more sensitive than adults, and therefore the Clauberg unit and the McPhail unit refer to about half as much progesterone as a Corner-Allen unit, which is about equal to I international unit or a little less.</div></td></tr>
</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Paper_-_The_hormone_of_the_corpus_luteum&diff=378810&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 07:47, 5 May 20192019-05-05T07:47:09Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] This historic 1937 paper by George Corner is an early historic description of the hormone released from the {{corpus luteum}}.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] This historic 1937 paper by George Corner is an early historic description of the hormone <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">({{progesterone}}) </ins>released from the {{corpus luteum}}.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Paper_-_The_hormone_of_the_corpus_luteum&diff=378804&oldid=prevZ8600021 at 07:45, 5 May 20192019-05-05T07:45:08Z<p></p>
<a href="https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Paper_-_The_hormone_of_the_corpus_luteum&diff=378804&oldid=378800">Show changes</a>Z8600021https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Paper_-_The_hormone_of_the_corpus_luteum&diff=378800&oldid=prevZ8600021: Created page with "{{header}} {{Ref-Corner1937}} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! Online Editor |- | left This historic 1937 paper by George..."2019-05-05T07:32:57Z<p>Created page with "{{header}} {{Ref-Corner1937}} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! Online Editor |- | <a href="/embryology/index.php?title=File:Mark_Hill.jpg" title="File:Mark Hill.jpg">90px|left</a> This historic 1937 paper by George..."</p>
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=The Hormone of the Corpus Luteum=</div>Z8600021