Paper - The development of the mucous membrane oesophagus stomach and small intestine in human embryo

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Johnson FP. The development of the mucous membrane of the oesophagus, stomach and small intestine in the human embryo. (1910) Amer. J Anat., 10: 521-559.

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Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)

See also Johnson FP. The development of the rectum in the human embryo. (1914) Amer. J Anat. 16(1): 1-58.

The Development of the Mucous Membrane of the Oesophagus, Stomach And Small Intestine In the Human Embryo

Franklin P. Johnson

From the Department of Comparative Anatomy, Harvard Medical School

With Twenty-Four Figures Seven Plates

Introduction

The development of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, although studied for many years by competent observers, still affords opportunity for further investigation. The present work was undertaken for the purpose of studying the development of the structures found in the digestive tract, and to obtain a comparable- series of wax reconstructions illustrating the changes that take place in the form of the mucosa. Especial stress has been laid on the development of vacuoles and diverticula, villi, glands, and folds. It was originally intended to include the development of the mucous membrane of the vermiform process and the large intestine, but for lack of favorable material, this has been omitted in the present paper. This work was suggested by Dr. F. T. Lewis, and has been done in connection with his chapter on the digestive tract for Keibel’s Text Book of Human Embryology. A more complete review of the literature than is here given, will be found in .)r. Lewis’ chapter.

The material used was obtained from human embryos in the Harvard Collection; The earlier stages were already prepared in the embryological collection. The crown rump lengths and series numbers of these are as follows:


Length in mm. Series No.
7.5 256
10 1000
16 1322
19 819
19 828
22 851
22.8 871
22.8 737
23 181
24 24
29 914
30 913
32 649
37 820
42 838
78 (incomplete series) 723,724

The crown-rump lengths and numbers of the older embryos used are as follows:

Length in mm. Series No.
55 249
73 116
78 142
91 224
99 340
120 342
120 203
134 30
145 131
187 315
240 186
Newborn 341

From the older embryos, the different parts of the digestive tract were separately removed, imbedded in paraffin, and cut in serial sections of 8 microns in thickness. The sections were stained by different methods, among which were Heidenhain’s iron haematoxylin, Hansen’s iron haemotoxylin, and Mallory’s aniline blue connective tissue stain. Both eosin and orange G were used as counter stains. From the preparations thus made, certain stages of development were selected, and a number of Wax reconstructions made. The models have in most cases been made to the magnification of 145 diameters, so as to be easily compared. However, in some of the gland models, this magnification was doubled, and in others trebled.


Oesophagus

Early Stages. In an embryo of 7.5 mm., the oesophagus is a cylindrical tube of epithelium extending from the pharynx to the stomach. The lumen is round and relatively large at its upper end, but tapers gradually until at its middle it is quite small. Passing downward from this region, the oesophagus gradually increases in size and at its lower end leads into the stomach, there



Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Paper - The development of the mucous membrane oesophagus stomach and small intestine in human embryo. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Paper_-_The_development_of_the_mucous_membrane_oesophagus_stomach_and_small_intestine_in_human_embryo

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