Latest revision as of 12:57, 2 February 2020

Embryology - 19 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate
Google Translate - select your language from the list shown below (this will open a new external page)
العربية \| català \| 中文 \| 中國傳統的 \| français \| Deutsche \| עִברִית \| हिंदी \| bahasa Indonesia \| italiano \| 日本語 \| 한국어 \| မြန်မာ \| Pilipino \| Polskie \| português \| ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ \| Română \| русский \| Español \| Swahili \| Svensk \| ไทย \| Türkçe \| اردو \| ייִדיש \| Tiếng Việt These external translations are automated and may not be accurate. (More? About Translations)

Noback GL. Simple methods of correlating crown-rump and crown-heel lengths of the human fetus. (1922) Anat. Rec. 22(4): 241-244.

Online Editor
This historic 1922 paper by Noback described a method for calculating the age of a fetus. Modern Notes

Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History \| Historic Embryology Papers)

Simple Methods Of Correlating Crown-Rump And Crown-Heel Lengths Of The Human Fetus

G. J. Noback

University of Minnesota and the Medical College of Virginia

ONE FIGURE

Introduction

Investigators in prenatal anatomy and development report their ﬁndings in one of three ways as regards length of the indi- viduals studied. Some writers use both crown-rump and crown- heel length (Michaelis, ’O6; Mall, ’10). Others use only the crown-rump (Streeter, ’20), and some use the crown-heel alone (Meyer, ’ 15 ; Scammon, ’19; Noback, ’21). Work based on one of these measurements alone is obviously difficult to compare with work based upon the other.

The relation between the crown-rump and the crown-heel lengths during fetal life is practically constant. The formulae here presented further demonstrate this fact.

The crown-heel length of the human fetus is equal to the crown-rump length (in millimeters) minus one, plus one-half of this amount. The following formula makes possible the utilization of data reported in crown-rump length which is to be compared or combined with data based upon the crown-heel length alone.

CH: 3C121—3

Illustration: The known crown-rump length is 95 mm. What is the corresponding crown-heel length?

on = 3:2<_9E 2 i.e., the crown-heel length is 141 mm.

1 The formulae in this report were demonstrated at the thirty-seventh session of the American Association of Anatomists, March, 1921.

The second formula may be used to determine the crown- rump length when the crown—heel length is known. It is ex-

pressed as follows: OR = 20%?

Illustration: The known crown—heel length is 141 mm. What is the corresponding crown-rump length?

OR = 2 x 1? + 3 i'.e., the crown-rump length is 95 mm.

In order to determine to what extent measurements made by different observers would deviate from the formulae, I have plotted them on ordinate paper against the curve obtained by use of the formulae. The crown-rump lengths are represented by the abscissas and the crown—heel lengths by the ordinates. The accompanying plate shows the formulae curve as a straight line, and it is readily seen that the measurements made by the several observers are distributed quite evenly about it?

The following table shows the extent of deviation from the lengths derived by formula in the data of Mall, MacKeen, and Michaelis.

AVERAGE PERCENT"

AGE DEVMHON mwwrron

Mall (weekly averages of 1000 cases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. MacKeen (161 cases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Michaelis (weekly averages from 14 weeks to birth) . . . . . . . ..

I—l o—4<DN> OIUIIF 03600 CA7°3\I

Two sets of data on measurements of the newborn infant are also plotted against the curve. These observations were made by Taylor ’19 and by Weissenberg ’06. The averages of their measurements vary but a triﬂe from the curve derived by the formulae.

2 Besides data of Mall and of Michaelis I have used measurements made in the Institute of Anatomy, University of Minnesota, by Helen Adams MacKeen and

by Halbert Dunn. The work of the latter two investigators will appear in due course.

FDRWULRE 5orTHe CORRELATION as SﬂT1NCx (Crown—Rump) and STANDING (Crotm—HaeU

as oivmna 450

cRowN—Hm=—3§R—-i3~

A O o

2: CROWN~RUMP = 3%-*3

8: C, . . , _ .;1_l_1Lll.l..L._].1_1_..l_1_L|lL1J:;'

I—*["rTr‘“I—]"§1rr—ﬁ—'l§I1—‘v‘T%:’I—I'T1“]1—I—rI‘} CYOWYIHCQL

22 <_»

MRCKEEN ,DUNN,NOBRCK. O MALL - Weeklg R».-arages. $ TAYLOR -' Ncwborn,/-Ivzraga. ® WEISSENBEHG "N¢w\>om,Rv¢vage

Crorrn- Rump

so we 150 200 250 300mm ' " ‘

Literature Cited

MALL, F. P. 1910 Determination of the age of human embryos and fetuses in Keibel F. and Mall FP. Manual of Human Embryology I. (1910) J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia., p. 199.

MICHAELIS, PAUL 1906 Alterbestimmung menschlichen Embryonen. Archiv fiir Gynakologie, Bd. 70.

MEYER, A. W. 1915 Fields, graphs and other data on fetal growth. Contr. to Embryol., no. 4, Carnegie Inst., Wash.

NOBACK, G. J. 1921 A contribution to the topographic anatomy of the thymus gland, with particular reference to its changes at birth and in the period of the newborn. Amer. Jour. Dis. Child., vol. 22, pp. 120-144.

SCAMMON, R. E. 1919 Some graphs and tables illustrating the growth of the human stomach. Amer. Jour. Dis. Child., vol. 17, pp. 395-422.

Streeter GL. Weight, sitting height, head size, foot length, and menstrual age of the human embryo. (1920) Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. , : 143-170.

TAYLOR, Roo1) 1919 The measurements of 250 full-term, new-born infants. Amer. Jour. Dis. Child., vol. 17, pp. 351—362.

WEISSENBERG, S. 1906 Die Korperproportionen des Neugeborenen. Jahrb. f. Kinderheilkunde, Bd. 64, S. 839.

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 19) Embryology Paper - Simple methods of correlating crown-rump and crown-heel lengths of the human fetus. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Paper_-_Simple_methods_of_correlating_crown-rump_and_crown-heel_lengths_of_the_human_fetus

What Links Here?

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 <br>
 |}
+{{Historic Disclaimer}}
 =Simple Methods Of Correlating Crown-Rump And Crown-Heel Lengths Of The Human Fetus=
@@ Line 23: / Line 24: @@
 ==Introduction==
-Investigators in prenatal anatomy and development report
+Investigators in prenatal anatomy and development report their ﬁndings in one of three ways as regards length of the indi- viduals studied. Some writers use both crown-rump and crown- heel length (Michaelis, ’O6; Mall, ’10). Others use only the crown-rump (Streeter, ’20), and some use the crown-heel alone (Meyer, ’ 15 ; Scammon, ’19; Noback, ’21). Work based on one of these measurements alone is obviously difficult to compare with work based upon the other.
-their ﬁndings in one of three ways as regards length of the indi-
-viduals studied. Some writers use both crown-rump and crown-
-heel length (Michaelis, ’O6; Mall, ’10). Others use only the
-crown-rump (Streeter, ’20), and some use the crown-heel alone
-(Meyer, ’ 15 ; Scammon, ’19; Noback, ’21). Work based on one
-of these measurements alone is obviously difficult to compare
-with work based upon the other.
-The relation between the crown-rump and the crown-heel
+The relation between the crown-rump and the crown-heel lengths during fetal life is practically constant. The formulae here presented further demonstrate this fact.
-lengths during fetal life is practically constant. The formulae
-here presented further demonstrate this fact.
-The crown-heel length of the human fetus is equal to the
+The crown-heel length of the human fetus is equal to the crown-rump length (in millimeters) minus one, plus one-half of this amount. The following formula makes possible the utilization of data reported in crown-rump length which is to be compared or combined with data based upon the crown-heel length alone.
-crown-rump length (in millimeters) minus one, plus one-half
-of this amount. The following formula makes possible the
-utilization of data reported in crown-rump length which is to
-be compared or combined with data based upon the crown-heel
-length alone.
 CH: 3C121—3
-Illustration: The known crown-rump length is 95 mm. What
+Illustration: The known crown-rump length is 95 mm. What is the corresponding crown-heel length?
-is the corresponding crown-heel length?
-on = 3:2<_9E
+on = 3:2<_9E 2 i.e., the crown-heel length is 141 mm.
-i.e., the crown-heel length is 141 mm.
 The formulae in this report were demonstrated at the thirty-seventh session of the American Association of Anatomists, March, 1921.
-The second formula may be used to determine the crown-
+The second formula may be used to determine the crown- rump length when the crown—heel length is known. It is ex-
-rump length when the crown—heel length is known. It is ex-
-pressed as follows:
+pressed as follows: OR = 20%?
-OR = 20%?
-Illustration: The known crown—heel length is 141 mm. What
+Illustration: The known crown—heel length is 141 mm. What is the corresponding crown-rump length?
-is the corresponding crown-rump length?
-OR = 2 x 1? + 3
+OR = 2 x 1? + 3 i'.e., the crown-rump length is 95 mm.
-i'.e., the crown-rump length is 95 mm.
-In order to determine to what extent measurements made by
+In order to determine to what extent measurements made by different observers would deviate from the formulae, I have plotted them on ordinate paper against the curve obtained by use of the formulae. The crown-rump lengths are represented by the abscissas and the crown—heel lengths by the ordinates. The accompanying plate shows the formulae curve as a straight line, and it is readily seen that the measurements made by the several observers are distributed quite evenly about it?
-different observers would deviate from the formulae, I have
-plotted them on ordinate paper against the curve obtained by
-use of the formulae. The crown-rump lengths are represented
-by the abscissas and the crown—heel lengths by the ordinates.
-The accompanying plate shows the formulae curve as a straight
-line, and it is readily seen that the measurements made by the
-several observers are distributed quite evenly about it?
-The following table shows the extent of deviation from the
+The following table shows the extent of deviation from the lengths derived by formula in the data of Mall, MacKeen, and Michaelis.
-lengths derived by formula in the data of Mall, MacKeen, and
-Michaelis.
 AVERAGE PERCENT"
-AGE
+AGE DEVMHON mwwrron
-DEVMHON mwwrron
-Mall (weekly averages of 1000 cases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
+Mall (weekly averages of 1000 cases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. MacKeen (161 cases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Michaelis (weekly averages from 14 weeks to birth) . . . . . . . ..
-MacKeen (161 cases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
-Michaelis (weekly averages from 14 weeks to birth) . . . . . . . ..
-I—l
+I—l o—4<DN> OIUIIF 03600 CA7°3\I
-o—4<DN>
-OIUIIF
-CA7°3\I
-Two sets of data on measurements of the newborn infant
+Two sets of data on measurements of the newborn infant are also plotted against the curve. These observations were made by Taylor ’19 and by Weissenberg ’06. The averages of their measurements vary but a triﬂe from the curve derived by the formulae.
-are also plotted against the curve. These observations were
-made by Taylor ’19 and by Weissenberg ’06. The averages of
-their measurements vary but a triﬂe from the curve derived by
-the formulae.
-Besides data of Mall and of Michaelis I have used measurements made in the
+Besides data of Mall and of Michaelis I have used measurements made in the Institute of Anatomy, University of Minnesota, by Helen Adams MacKeen and
-Institute of Anatomy, University of Minnesota, by Helen Adams MacKeen and
-by Halbert Dunn. The work of the latter two investigators will appear in due
+by Halbert Dunn. The work of the latter two investigators will appear in due course.
-course.
+FDRWULRE 5orTHe CORRELATION as SﬂT1NCx (Crown—Rump) and STANDING (Crotm—HaeU
-FDRWULRE 5orTHe CORRELATION as
+as  oivmna
-SﬂT1NCx (Crown—Rump) and STANDING (Crotm—HaeU
- as  oivmna
 cRowN—Hm=—3§R—-i3~
-A
+A O o
-O
-o
+: CROWN~RUMP = 3%-*3
-:
+: C, . . , _ .;1_l_1Lll.l..L._].1_1_..l_1_L|lL1J:;'
-CROWN~RUMP = 3%-*3
-:
+I—*["rTr‘“I—]"§1rr—ﬁ—'l§I1—‘v‘T%:’I—I'T1“]1—I—rI‘} CYOWYIHCQL
-C,
-.
-. , _
-.;1_l_1Lll.l..L._].1_1_..l_1_L|lL1J:;'
-I—*["rTr‘“I—]"§1rr—ﬁ—'l§I1—‘v‘T%:’I—I'T1“]1—I—rI‘}
+<_»
-CYOWYIHCQL
+MRCKEEN ,DUNN,NOBRCK. O MALL - Weeklg R».-arages. $ TAYLOR -' Ncwborn,/-Ivzraga. ® WEISSENBEHG "N¢w\>om,Rv¢vage
-<_»
-MRCKEEN ,DUNN,NOBRCK.
-O MALL - Weeklg R».-arages.
-$ TAYLOR -' Ncwborn,/-Ivzraga.
-® WEISSENBEHG "N¢w\>om,Rv¢vage
 Crorrn- Rump
 so we 150 200 250 300mm ' " ‘
-G. J. NOBACK
-Literature Cited
+==Literature Cited==
-MALL, F. P. 1910 Determination of the age of human embryos and fetuses in
+MALL, F. P. 1910 Determination of the age of human embryos and fetuses in {{Ref-KeibelMall1910}}, p. 199.
-Keibel and Mall, Human Embryology, vol. 1, p. 199.
-MICHAELIS, PAUL 1906 Alterbestimmung menschlichen Embryonen. Archiv
+MICHAELIS, PAUL 1906 Alterbestimmung menschlichen Embryonen. Archiv fiir Gynakologie, Bd. 70.
-fiir Gynakologie, Bd. 70.
-MEYER, A. W. 1915 Fields, graphs and other data on fetal growth. Contr. to
+MEYER, A. W. 1915 Fields, graphs and other data on fetal growth. Contr. to Embryol., no. 4, Carnegie Inst., Wash.
-Embryol., no. 4, Carnegie Inst., Wash.
-NOBACK, G. J. 1921 A contribution to the topographic anatomy of the thymus
+NOBACK, G. J. 1921 A contribution to the topographic anatomy of the thymus gland, with particular reference to its changes at birth and in the period of the newborn. Amer. Jour. Dis. Child., vol. 22, pp. 120-144.
-gland, with particular reference to its changes at birth and in the
-period of the newborn. Amer. Jour. Dis. Child., vol. 22, pp. 120-144.
-SCAMMON, R. E. 1919 Some graphs and tables illustrating the growth of the
+SCAMMON, R. E. 1919 Some graphs and tables illustrating the growth of the human stomach. Amer. Jour. Dis. Child., vol. 17, pp. 395-422.
-human stomach. Amer. Jour. Dis. Child., vol. 17, pp. 395-422.
-STREETER, G. ‘L. 1920 Weight, sitting height, head size, foot length, and men-
+{{Ref-Streeter1920}}
-strual age of the human embryo. Contr. to Embryol., no. 55, Carnegie
+TAYLOR, Roo1) 1919 The measurements of 250 full-term, new-born infants. Amer. Jour. Dis. Child., vol. 17, pp. 351—362.
-Inst. Wash.
-TAYLOR, R001) 1919 The measurements of 250 full-term, new-born infants.
+WEISSENBERG, S. 1906 Die Korperproportionen des Neugeborenen. Jahrb. f. Kinderheilkunde, Bd. 64, S. 839.
-Amer. Jour. Dis. Child., vol. 17, pp. 351—362.
-WEISSENBERG, S. 1906 Die Korperproportionen des Neugeborenen. Jahrb. f.
-Kinderheilkunde, Bd. 64, S. 839.
 {{Footer}}
 [[Category:Historic Embryology]][[Category:Fetal]][[Category:1920's]][[Category:Draft]]

Paper - Simple methods of correlating crown-rump and crown-heel lengths of the human fetus: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:57, 2 February 2020

Simple Methods Of Correlating Crown-Rump And Crown-Heel Lengths Of The Human Fetus

Introduction

Literature Cited