Neural System - Fetal: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 13:28, 15 October 2010

Introduction

During the fetal period there is ongoing growth in size, weight and surface area of the brain and spinal cord. Microscopically there is ongoing: cell migration, extension of processes, cell death and glial cell development.

Cortical maturation (sulcation and gyration) and vascularization of the lateral surface of the brain starts with the insular cortex (insula, insulary cortex or insular lobe) region during the fetal period. This cerebral cortex region in the adult brain lies deep within the lateral sulcus between the temporal lobe and the parietal lobe.

This long development time generates the most complex structure within the embryo and the long time period of development means in utero insult during pregnancy may have consequences to development of the nervous system.

| Neural Crest Development | Sensory System Development

Some Recent Findings

Human Neural Timeline

Timeline of events in Normal Human Neural Development

Human Brain Surface Anatomy


Three months (median sagittal section)	Four months (inferior surface)	Five months (outer surface)

Sulcation and Gyration

Cortical maturation (sulcation and gyration) and vascularization of the lateral surface of the brain starts with the insular cortex (insula, insulary cortex or insular lobe) region during the fetal period. This cerebral cortex region in the adult brain lies deep within the lateral sulcus between the temporal lobe and the parietal lobe.

sulcation - The process of brain growth in the second to third trimester which forms sulci, grooves or folds visible on fetal brain surface as gyri grow (gyration). Abnormalities of these processes can lead to a smooth brain (lissencephaly).
gyration - The development of surface folds on the brain (singular, gyrus)

Insular Gyral and Sulcal Development

13-17 gestational weeks - appearance of the first sulcus
18-19 gestational weeks - development of the periinsular sulci
20-22 gestational weeks - central sulci and opercularization of the insula
24-26 gestational weeks - covering of the posterior insula
27-28 gestational weeks - closure of the laeteral sulcus (Sylvian fissure or lateral fissure)

(Data from: Afif A, etal., 2007)

Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and image-processing algorithms have been used to quantitate between 29-41 weeks volumes of: total brain, cerebral gray matter, unmyelinated white matter, myelinated, and cerebrospinal fluid (grey matter- mainly neuronal cell bodies; white matter- mainly neural processes and glia). A study of 78 premature and mature newborns showed that total brain tissue volume increased linearly over this period at a rate of 22 ml/week. Total grey matter also showed a linear increase in relative intracranial volume of approximately 1.4% or 15 ml/week. The rapid increase in total grey matter is mainly due to a fourfold increase in cortical grey matter. Quantification of extracerebral and intraventricular CSF was found to change only minimally.

(Text - modified from Huppi etal., (1998) Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of brain development in premature and mature newborns. Ann Neurol 43(2):224-235.)

Neural development will continue after birth with substantial growth, death and reorganization occuring during the postnatal period.

Links: Neuroscience - Regional specification of the developing brain

References

Journals

Neural Development Browse contents
Developmental Brain Research Content Listing
Neural Development Welcome to Neural Development | Pubmed Central Volume 1 2006 | Pubmed Central Volume 2 2007 |
International Journal for Developmental Neuroscience Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience |
Developmental Neuroscience Journal Homepage | Hippocampal Development | Vol. 29, No. 3, 2007 |
Neuroscience Official journal of The International Brain Research Organisation (IBRO)
Neuron Neuroscience journal published by Cell press

Online Textbooks

Developmental Biology (6th ed) Gilbert, Scott F. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc.; c2000. Formation of the Neural Tube | Differentiation of the Neural Tube | Tissue Architecture of the Central Nervous System | Neuronal Types | Snapshot Summary: Central Nervous System and Epidermis

Neuroscience Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David; Katz, Lawrence C.; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; McNamara, James O.; Williams, S. Mark. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc. ; c2001 Early Brain Development | Construction of Neural Circuits | Modification of Brain Circuits as a Result of Experience

Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th Edn) Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter. New York: Garland Publishing; 2002. Neural Development | The three phases of neural development

Health Services/Technology Assessment Text (HSTAT) Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), 2003 Oct. Developmental Disorders Associated with Failure to Thrive

Search NLM Online Textbooks- "neural development" : Developmental Biology | The Cell- A molecular Approach | Molecular Biology of the Cell | Endocrinology

Reviews

Articles

Search PubMed

Search Pubmed: Fetal Neural Development

Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link

Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 25) Embryology Neural System - Fetal. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_System_-_Fetal

What Links Here?

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 :{{Template:Neural Links}} | [[Neural Crest Development]] | [[Sensory System Development]]
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 ==Some Recent Findings==
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 :'''Links:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=neurosci&part=A1465&rendertype=figure&id=A1466 Neuroscience - Regional specification of the developing brain]
+== References ==
+<references/>
+=== Journals ===
+* '''Neural Development''' [http://www.neuraldevelopment.com/articles/browse.asp Browse contents]
+* '''Developmental Brain Research''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01653806 Content Listing]
+* '''Neural Development''' [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1636331 Welcome to Neural Development] | [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/tocrender.fcgi?iid=136661 Pubmed Central Volume 1 2006] | [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/tocrender.fcgi?iid=141393 Pubmed Central Volume 2 2007] |
+* '''International Journal for Developmental Neuroscience''' [http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/712/description#description Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience] |
+* '''Developmental Neuroscience''' [http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=JournalHome&ProduktNr=224107 Journal Homepage] | [http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=showproducts&searchWhat=books&ProduktNr=232658 Hippocampal Development] | [http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=Ausgabe&Ausgabe=232918&ProduktNr=224107 Vol. 29, No. 3, 2007] |
+* '''Neuroscience''' [http://www.neuroscience-ibro.com/ Official journal of The International Brain Research Organisation (IBRO)]
+* '''Neuron''' [http://www.neuron.org/ Neuroscience journal published by Cell press]
+=== Online Textbooks ===
+'''Developmental Biology''' (6th ed) Gilbert, Scott F. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc.; c2000. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=dbio.section.2871 Formation of the Neural Tube] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=dbio.section.2884 Differentiation of the Neural Tube] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=dbio.section.2894 Tissue Architecture of the Central Nervous System] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=dbio.section.2908 Neuronal Types] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=dbio.section.2937 Snapshot Summary: Central Nervous System and Epidermis]
+'''Neuroscience''' Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David; Katz, Lawrence C.; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; McNamara, James O.; Williams, S. Mark. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc. ; c2001 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=neurosci.chapter.1447 Early Brain Development] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=neurosci.chapter.1546 Construction of Neural Circuits] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=neurosci.chapter.1640 Modification of Brain Circuits as a Result of Experience]
+'''Molecular Biology of the Cell''' (4th Edn) Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter. New York: Garland Publishing; 2002. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=mboc4.section.3963 Neural Development] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=mboc4.figgrp.3966 The three phases of neural development]
+'''Health Services/Technology Assessment Text (HSTAT)''' Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), 2003 Oct. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=hstat1a.section.25014#25029 Developmental Disorders Associated with Failure to Thrive]
+'''Search NLM Online Textbooks'''- "neural development" : [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books&cmd=search&doptcmdl=DocSum&term=neural%20development+AND+dbio%5Bbook%5D Developmental Biology] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books&cmd=search&doptcmdl=DocSum&term=neural%20development+AND+cooper%5Bbook%5D The Cell- A molecular Approach ]| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books&cmd=search&doptcmdl=DocSum&term=neural%20development+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D Molecular Biology of the Cell] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books&cmd=search&doptcmdl=DocSum&term=neural%20development+AND+endocrin%5Bbook%5D Endocrinology]
+===Reviews===
+<pubmed>16314867</pubmed>
+<pubmed>19206138</pubmed>
+===Articles===
+<pubmed>18230116</pubmed>
+===Search PubMed===
+'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Fetal%20Neural%20Development Fetal Neural Development]
+{{Template:Glossary}}
+{{Template:Footer}}
+[[Category:System Development]] [[Category:Neural]]